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Title: The Orbis Pictus

Author: Johann Amos Comenius

Editor: C. W. Bardeen

Translator: Charles Hoole

Release date: March 9, 2009 [eBook #28299]

Most recently updated: January 4, 2021

Language: English

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Editor’s Preface (1887)

Critics’ Comments (1887)

Title Page (1727/1887)

Author’s Preface (1658)

Translator’s Introduction (1659)

Advertisement (1727)

ORBIS PICTUS

Latin Index

English Index

Transcriber’s Notes

THE

ORBIS PICTUS

OF

JOHN AMOS COMENIUS.

This work is, indeed, the first children’s picture book.

—ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, 9TH EDITION, vi. 182.

SYRACUSE, N. Y.:

C. W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER,

1887.

Copyright, 1887, by C. W. BARDEEN.

It may not be generally known that Comenius was once solicited to become President of Harvard College. The following is a quotation from Vol. II, p. 14, of Cotton Mather’s MAGNALIA:

“That brave old man, Johannes Amos Commenius, the fame of whose worth has been TRUMPETTED as far as more than three languages (whereof everyone is indebted unto his JANUA) could carry it, was indeed agreed withal, by one Mr. Winthrop in his travels through the LOW COUNTRIES, to come over to New England, and illuminate their Colledge and COUNTRY, in the quality of a President, which was now become vacant. But the solicitations of the Swedish Ambassador diverting him another way, that incomparable Moravian became not an American.”

This was on the resignation of President Dunster, in 1654—NOTE OF PROF. PAYNE, COMPAYRE’S HISTORY OF EDUCATION, BOSTON, 1886, p. 125.

EDITOR’S PREFACE.

When it is remembered that this work is not only an educational classic of prime importance, but that it was the first picture-book ever made for children and was for a century the most popular text-book in Europe, and yet has been for many years unattainable on account of its rarity, the wonder is, not that it is reproduced now but that it has not been reproduced before. But the difficulty has been to find a satisfactory copy. Many as have been the editions, few copies have been preserved. It was a book children were fond of and wore out in turning the leaves over and over to see the pictures. Then as the old copper-plates became indistinct they were replaced by wood-engravings, of coarse execution, and often of changed treatment. Von Raumer complains that the edition of 1755 substitutes for the original cut of the Soul, (No. 43, as here given,) a picture of an eye, and in a table the figures I. I. II. I. I. II., and adds that it is difficult to recognize in this an expressive psychological symbol, and to explain it. In an edition I have, published in Vienna in 1779, this cut is omitted altogether, and indeed there are but 82 in place of the 157 found in earlier editions, the following, as numbered in this edition, being omitted:

1, the alphabet, 2, 36, 43, 45, 66, 68, 75, 76, 78–80, 87, 88, 92–122, 124, 126, 128, 130–141.

On the other hand, the Vienna edition contains a curious additional cut. It gives No. 4, the Heaven, practically as in this edition, but puts another cut under it in which the earth is revolving about the sun; and after the statement of Comenius, “Coelum rotatur, et ambit terram, in medio stantem” interpolates: “prout veteres crediderunt; recentiores enim defendunt motum terrae circa solem” [as the ancients used to think; for later authorities hold that the motion of the earth is about the sun.]

Two specimen pages from another edition are inserted in Payne’s Compayré’s History of Education (between pp. 126, 127). The cut is the representative of No. 103 in this edition, but those who compare them will see not only how much coarser is the execution of the wood-cut Prof. Payne has copied, but what liberties have been taken with the design. The only change in the Latin text, however, is from Designat Figuras rerum in the original, to Figuram rerum designat.

In this edition the cuts are unusually clear copies of the copper-plates of the first edition of 1658, from which we have also taken the Latin text. The text for the English translation is from the English edition of 1727, in which for the first time the English words were so arranged as to stand opposite their Latin equivalents.

The cuts have been reproduced with great care by the photographic process. I thought best not to permit them to be retouched, preferring occasional indistinctness to modern tampering with the originals that would make them less authentic.

The English text is unchanged from that of the 1727 edition, except in rare instances where substitutions have been made for single words not now permissible. The typography suggests rather than imitates the quaintness of the original, and the paper was carefully selected to produce so far as practicable the impression of the old hand-presses.

In short my aim has been to put within the reach of teachers at a moderate price a satisfactory reproduction of this important book; and if the sale of the Orbis Pictus seems to warrant it, I hope subsequently to print as a companion volume the Vestibulum and Janua of the same author, of which I have choice copies.

C. W. BARDEEN.

Syracuse, Sept. 28, 1887.

COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS PICTUS.

During four years he here prosecuted his efforts in behalf of education with commendable success, and wrote, among other works, his celebrated Orbis Pictus, which has passed through a great many editions, and survived a multitude of imitations. —SMITH’S HISTORY OF EDUCATION, N.Y., 1842, p. 129.

The most eminent educator of the seventeenth century, however, was John Amos Comenius . . . . . . His Orbis Sensualium Pictus, published in 1657, enjoyed a still higher renown. The text was much the same with the Janua, being intended as a kind of elementary encyclopædia; but it differed from all previous text-books, in being illustrated with pictures, on copper and wood, of the various topics discussed in it. This book was universally popular. In those portions of Germany where the schools had been broken up by the “Thirty years’ war,” mothers taught their children from its pages. Corrected and amended by later editors, it continued for nearly two hundred years, to be a text-book of the German schools. —HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF EDUCATION, BY PHILOBIBLIUS, N.Y., 1860, p. 210.

The “Janua” would, therefore, have had but a short-lived popularity with teachers, and a still shorter with learners, if Comenius had not carried out his principle of appealing to the senses, and called in the artist. The result was the “Orbis Pictus,” a book which proved a favorite with young and old, and maintained its ground in many a school for more than a century . . . . I am sorry I cannot give a specimen of this celebrated book with its quaint pictures. The artist, of course, was wanting in the technical skill which is now commonly displayed even in the cheapest publications, but this renders his delineations none the less entertaining. As a picture of the life and manners of the seventeenth century, the work has great historical interest, which will, I hope, secure for it another English edition. —QUICK’S EDUCATIONAL REFORMERS, 1868; Syracuse edition, p. 79.

But the principle on which he most insisted is that the teaching of words and things must go together, hand in hand. When we consider how much time is spent over new languages, what waste of energy is lavished on mere preparation, how it takes so long to lay a foundation that there is no time to lay a building upon it, we must conclude that it is in the acceptance and development of this principle that the improvement of education will in the future consist. Any one who attempts to inculcate this great reform will find that its first principles are contained in the writings of Comenius. —ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 9th edition, vii. 674.

The first edition of this celebrated book was published at Nuremberg in 1657; soon after a translation was made into English by Charles Hoole. The last English edition appeared in 1777, and this was reprinted in America in 1812. This was the first illustrated school-book, and was the first attempt at what now passes under the name of “object lessons.” —SHORT HISTORY OF EDUCATION, W. H. PAYNE, Syracuse, 1881, p. 103.

Of these, the “Janua” and the “Orbis” were translated into most European and some of the Oriental languages. It is evident that these practices of Comenius contain the germs of things afterwards connected with the names of Pestalozzi and Stow. It also may be safely assumed that many methods that are now in practical use, were then not unknown to earliest teachers. —GILL’S SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION, London, 1876, p. 13.

The more we reflect on the method of Comenius, the more we shall see it is replete with suggestiveness, and we shall feel surprised that so much wisdom can have lain in the path of schoolmasters for two hundred and fifty years, and that they have never stooped to avail themselves of its treasures. —BROWNING’S INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL THEORIES, 1882, New York edition, p. 67.

The “Orbis Pictus,” the first practical application of the intuitive method, had an extraordinary success, and has served as a model for the innumerable illustrated books which for three centuries have invaded the schools. —COMPAYRE’S HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY, Payne’s translation, Boston, 1886, p. 127.

He remained at Patak four years, which were characterized by surprising literary activity. During this short period he produced no less than fifteen different works, among them his “World Illustrated” (Orbis Pictus), the most famous of all his writings. It admirably applied the principle that words and things should be learned together . . . . The “World Illustrated” had an enormous circulation, and remained for a long time the most popular text-book in Europe. —PAINTER’S HISTORY OF EDUCATION, N.Y., 1886, p. 206.

Or, si ce livre n’est qu’un équivalent de la véritable intuition; si, ensuite, le contenu du tout paraît fort défectueux, au point de vue de la science de nos jours; si, enfin, un effort exagéré pour l’intégrité de la conception de l’enfant a créé, pour les choses modernes, trop de dénominations latines qui paraissent douteuses, l’Orbis pictus était pourtant, pour son temps, une oeuvre très originale et très spirituelle, qui fit faire un grand progrès à la pédagogie et servit longtemps de livre d’école utile et de modèle à d’innombrables livres d’images, souvent pires. —Histoire d’Éducation, FREDERICK DITTES, Redolfi’s French translation, Paris, 1880, p. 178.

Here Comenius wrote, among others, his second celebrated work the “Orbis Pictus.” He was not, however, able to finish it in Hungary for want of a skilful engraver on copper. For such a one he carried it to Michael Endter, the bookseller at Nuremberg, but the engraving delayed the publication of the book for three years more. In 1657 Comenius expressed the hope that it would appear during the next autumn. With what great approbation the work was received at its first appearance, is shown by the fact that within two years, in 1659, Endter had published a second enlarged edition. —KARL VON RAUMER, translated in Barnard’s Journal of Education, v. 260.

The “Janua” had an enormous sale, and was published in many languages, but the editions and sale of the “Orbis Pictus” far exceeded those of the “Janua,” and, indeed, for some time it was the most popular text-book in Europe, and deservedly so. —LAURIE’S JOHN AMOS COMENIUS, Boston edition, p. 185.

Text

Gen. ii. 19, 20.

The Lord God brought unto Adam every Beast of the Field, and every Fowl of the Air, to see what he would call them. And Adam gave Names to all Cattle, and to the Fowl of the Air, and to every Beast of the Field.

Gen. ii. 19, 20.

Adduxit Dominus Deus ad Adam cuncta Animantia Terræ, & universa volatilia Cœli, ut videret quomodo vocaret illa. Appellavitque Adam Nominibus suis cuncta Animantia, & universa volatilia Cœli, & omnes Bestias Agri.

I. A. Comenii opera Didactica par. 1. p. 6, Amst. 1657. fol.

Didacticæ nostræ prora & puppis esto: Investigare, & invenire modum, quo Docentes minus doceant, Discentes vero plus discant: Scholæ minus habeant Strepitus, nauseæ, vani laboris; plus autem otii, deliciarum, solidique profectus: Respublica Christiana minus tenebrarum confusionis dissidiorum; plus lucis, ordinis, pacis & tranquilitatis.

THE AUTHOR’S PREFACE TO THE READER.

Instruction is the means to expel Rudeness, with which young wits ought to be well furnished in Schools: But so, as that the teaching be 1. True, 2. Full, 3. Clear, and 4. Solid.

1. It will be true, if nothing be taught but such as is beneficial to ones life; lest there be a cause of complaining afterwards. We know not necessary things, because we have not learned things necessary.

2. It will be full, if the mind be polished for wisdom, the tongue for eloquence, and the hands for a neat way of living. This will be that grace of one’s life, to be wise, to act, to speak.

3, 4. It will be clear, and by that, firm and solid, if whatever is taught and learned, be not obscure, or confused, but apparent, distinct, and articulate, as the fingers on the hands.

The ground of this business, is, that sensual objects may be rightly presented to the senses, for fear they may not be received. I say, and say it again aloud, that this last is the foundation of all the rest: because we can neither act nor speak wisely, unless we first rightly understand all the things which are to be done, and whereof we are to speak. Now there is nothing in the understanding, which was not before in the sense. And therefore to exercise the senses well about the right perceiving the differences of things, will be to lay the grounds for all wisdom, and all wise discourse, and all discreet actions in ones course of life. Which, because it is commonly neglected in schools, and the things which are to be learned are offered to scholars, without being understood or being rightly presented to the senses, it cometh to pass, that the work of teaching and learning goeth heavily onward, and affordeth little benefit.

See here then a new help for schools, A Picture and Nomenclature of all the chief things in the world, and of men’s actions in their way of living: Which, that you, good Masters, may not be loath to run over with your scholars, I will tell you, in short, what good you may expect from it.

It is a little Book, as you see, of no great bulk, yet a brief of the whole world, and a whole language: full of Pictures, Nomenclatures, and Descriptions of things.

I. The Pictures are the representation of all visible things, (to which also things invisible are reduced after their fashion) of the whole world. And that in that very order of things, in which they are described in the Janua Latinæ Linguæ; and with that fulness, that nothing very necessary or of great concernment is omitted.

II. The Nomenclatures are the Inscriptions, or Titles set every one over their own Pictures, expressing the whole thing by its own general term.

III. The Descriptions are the explications of the parts of the Picture, so expressed by their own proper terms, as that same figure which is added to every piece of the picture, and the term of it, always sheweth what things belongeth one to another.

Which such Book, and in such a dress may (I hope) serve,

I. To entice witty children to it, that they may not conceit a torment to be in the school, but dainty fare. For it is apparent, that children (even from their infancy almost) are delighted with Pictures, and willingly please their eyes with these lights: And it will be very well worth the pains to have once brought it to pass, that scare-crows may be taken away out of Wisdom’s Gardens.

II. This same little Book will serve to stir up the Attention, which is to be fastened upon things, and even to be sharpened more and more: which is also a great matter. For the Senses (being the main guides of childhood, because therein the mind doth not as yet raise up itself to an abstracted contemplation of things) evermore seek their own objects, and if they be away, they grow dull, and wry themselves hither and thither out of a weariness of themselves: but when their objects are present, they grow merry, wax lively, and willingly suffer themselves to be fastened upon them, till the thing be sufficiently discerned. This Book then will do a good piece of service in taking (especially flickering) wits, and preparing them for deeper studies.

III. Whence a third good will follow; that children being won hereunto, and drawn over with this way of heeding, may be furnished with the knowledge of the prime things that are in the world, by sport and merry pastime. In a word, this Book will serve for the more pleasing using of the Vestibulum and Janua Linguarum, for which end it was even at the first chiefly intended. Yet if it like any, that it be bound up in their native tongues also, it promiseth three good thing of itself.

I. First it will afford a device for learning to read more easily than hitherto, especially having a symbolical alphabet set before it, to wit, the characters of the several letters, with the image of that creature, whose voice that letter goeth about to imitate, pictur’d by it. For the young Abc scholar will easily remember the force of every character by the very looking upon the creature, till the imagination being strengthened by use, can readily afford all things; and then having looked over a table of the chief syllables also (which yet was not thought necessary to be added to this book) he may proceed to the viewing of the Pictures, and the inscriptions set over ’em. Where again the very looking upon the thing pictured suggesting the name of the thing, will tell him how the title of the picture is to be read. And thus the whole book being gone over by the bare titles of the pictures, reading cannot but be learned; and indeed too, which thing is to be noted, without using any ordinary tedious spelling, that most troublesome torture of wits, which may wholly be avoided by this method. For the often reading over the Book, by those larger descriptions of things, and which are set after the Pictures, will be able perfectly to beget a habit of reading.

II. The same book being used in English, in English Schools, will serve for the perfect learning of the whole English tongue, and that from the bottom; because by the aforesaid descriptions of things, the words and phrases of the whole language are found set orderly in their own places. And a short English Grammar might be added at the end, clearly resolving the speech already understood into its parts; shewing the declining of the several words, and reducing those that are joined together under certain rules.

III. Thence a new benefit cometh, that that very English Translation may serve for the more ready and pleasant learning of the Latin tongue: as one may see in this Edition, the whole book being so translated, that every where one word answereth to the word over against it, and the book is in all things the same, only in two idioms, as a man clad in a double garment. And there might be also some observations and advertisements added in the end, touching those things only, wherein the use of the Latin tongue differeth from the English. For where there is no difference, there needeth no advertisement to be given. But, because the first tasks of learners ought to be little and single, we have filled this first book of training one up to see a thing of himself, with nothing but rudiments, that is, with the chief of things and words, or with the grounds of the whole world, and the whole language, and of all our understanding about things. If a more perfect description of things, and a fuller knowledge of a language, and a clearer light of the understanding be sought after (as they ought to be) they are to be found somewhere whither there will now be an easy passage by this our little Encyclopædia of things subject to the senses. Something remaineth to be said touching the more chearful use of this book.

I. Let it be given to children into their hands to delight themselves withal as they please, with the sight of the pictures, and making them as familiar to themselves as may be, and that even at home before they be put to school.

II. Then let them be examined ever and anon (especially now in the school) what this thing or that thing is, and is called, so that they may see nothing which they know not how to name, and that they can name nothing which they cannot shew.

III. And let the things named them be shewed, not only in the Picture, but also in themselves; for example, the parts of the body, clothes, books, the house, utensils, &c.

IV. Let them be suffered also to imitate the Pictures by hand, if they will, nay rather, let them be encouraged, that they may be willing: first, thus to quicken the attention also towards the things; and to observe the proportion of the parts one towards another; and lastly to practise the nimbleness of the hand, which is good for many things.

V. If anything here mentioned, cannot be presented to the eye, it will be to no purpose at all to offer them by themselves to the scholars; as colours, relishes, &c., which cannot here be pictured out with ink. For which reason it were to be wished, that things rare and not easy to be met withal at home, might be kept ready in every great school, that they may be shewed also, as often as any words are to be made of them, to the scholars.

Thus at last this school would indeed become a school of things obvious to the senses, and an entrance to the school intellectual. But enough: Let us come to the thing it self.

THE TRANSLATOR, TO ALL JUDICIOUS AND INDUSTRIOUS SCHOOL-MASTERS.

Gentlemen.

There are a few of you (I think) but have seen, and with great willingness made use of (or at least perused,) many of the Books of this well-deserving Author Mr. John Comenius, which for their profitableness to the speedy attainment of a language, have been translated in several countries, out of Latin into their own native tongue.

Now the general verdict (after trial made) that hath passed, touching those formerly extant, is this, that they are indeed of singular use, and very advantageous to those of more discretion, (especially to such as already have a smattering of Latin) to help their memories to retain what they have scatteringly gotten here and there, to furnish them with many words, which (perhaps) they had not formerly read, or so well observed; but to young children (whom we have chiefly to instruct) as those that are ignorant altogether of things and words, and prove rather a meer toil and burthen, than a delight and furtherance.

For to pack up many words in memory, of things not conceived in the mind, is to fill the head with empty imaginations, and to make the learner more to admire the multitude and variety (and thereby, to become discouraged,) than to care to treasure them up, in hopes to gain more knowledge of what they mean.

He hath therefore in some of his latter works seemed to move retrograde, and striven to come nearer the reach of tender wits: and in this present Book, he hath, according to my judgment, descended to the very bottom of what is to be taught, and proceeded (as nature it self doth) in an orderly way; first to exercise the senses well, by representing their objects to them, and then to fasten upon the intellect by impressing the first notions of things upon it, and linking them on to another by a rational discourse. Whereas indeed, we, generally missing this way, do teach children as we do parrots, to speak they know not what, nay which is worse, we, taking the way of teaching little ones by Grammar only at the first, do puzzle their imaginations with abstractive terms and secondary intentions, which till they be somewhat acquainted with things, and the words belonging to them, in the language which they learn, they cannot apprehend what they mean. And this I guess to be the reason, why many great persons do resolve sometimes not to put a child to school till he be at least eleven or twelve years of age, presuming that he having then taken notice of most things, will sooner get the knowledge of the words which are applyed to them in any language. But the gross misdemeanor of such children for the most part, have taught many parents to be hasty enough to send their own to school, if not that they may learn, yet (at least) that they might be kept out of harm’s way; and yet if they do not profit for the time they have been at school, (no respect at all being had for their years) the Master shall be sure enough to bear the blame.

So that a School-master had need to bend his wits to come within the compass of a child’s capacity of six or seven years of age (seeing we have now such commonly brought to our Grammar-schools to learn the Latin Tongue) and to make that they may learn with as much delight and willingness, as himself would teach with dexterity and ease. And at present I know no better help to forward his young scholars than this little Book, which was for this purpose contrived by the Author in the German and Latin Tongues.

What profitable use may be had thereof, respecting chiefly that his own country and language, he himself hath told you in his preface; but what use we may here make of it in our Grammar-schools, as it is now translated into English, I shall partly declare; leaving all other men, according to my wont, to their own discretion and liberty, to use or refuse it, as they please. So soon then as a child can read English perfectly, and is brought to us to school to learn Latin, I would have him together with his Accidence, to be provided of this Book, in which he may at least once a day (beside his Accidence) be thus exercised.

I. Let him look over the pictures with their general titles and inscriptions, till he be able to turn readily to any one of them, and to tell its name either in English or Latin. By this means he shall have the method of the Book in his head; and be easily furnished with the knowledge of most things; and instructed how to call them, when at any time he meeteth with them elsewhere, in their real forms.

II. Let him read the description at large: First in English, and afterward in Latin, till he can readily read, and distinctly pronounce the words in both Languages, ever minding how they are spelled. And withal, let him take notice of the figures inserted, and to what part of the picture they direct by their like till he be well able to find out every particular thing of himself, and to name it on a sudden, either in English or Latin. Thus he shall not only gain the most primitive words, but be understandingly grounded in Orthography, which is a thing too generally neglected by us; partly because our English schools think that children should learn it at the Latin, and our Latin schools suppose they have already learn’d it at the English; partly, because our common Grammar is too much defective in this part, and scholars so little exercised therein, that they pass from schools to the Universities and return from thence (some of them) more unable to write true English, than either Latin or Greek. Not to speak of our ordinary Tradesmen, many of whom write such false English, that none but themselves can interpret what they scribble in their bills and shop-books.

III. Then let him get the Titles and Descriptions by heart, which he will more easily do, by reason of these impressions which the viewing of the pictures hath already made in his memory. And now let him also learn, 1. To construe, or give the words one by one, as they answer one another in Latin and English. 2. To Parse, according to the rules, (which I presume by this time) he hath learn’d in the first part of his Accidence; where I would have him tell what part of Speech any word is, and then what accidents belong to it; but especially to decline the nouns and conjugate the verbs according to the Examples in his Rudiments; and this doing will enable him to know the end and use of his Accidence. As for the Rules of Genders of Nouns, and the Præter-perfect-tenses and Supines of Verbs, and those of Concordance and Construction in the latter part of the Accidence, I would not have a child much troubled with them, till by the help of this Book he can perfectly practise so much of Etymology, as concerns the first part of his Accidence only. For that, and this book together, being thoroughly learn’d by at least thrice going them over, will much prepare children to go chearfully forward in their Grammar and School-Authors, especially, if whilst they are employed herein, they be taught also to write a fair and legible hand.

There is one thing to be given notice of, which I wish could have been remedied in this Translation; that the Book being writ in high-Dutch doth express many things in reference to that Country and Speech, which cannot without alteration of some Pictures as well as words be expressed in ours: for the Symbolical Alphabet is fitted for German children rather than for ours. And whereas the words of that Language go orderly one for one with the Latin, our English propriety of Speech will not admit the like. Therefore it will behove those Masters that intend to make use of this Book, to construe it verbatim to their young Scholars, who will quickly learn to do it of themselves, after they be once acquainted with the first words of Nouns, and Verbs, and their manner of variation.

Such a work as this, I observe to have been formerly much desired by some experienced Teachers, and I my self had some years since (whilst my own Child lived) begun the like, having found it most agreeable to the best witted Children, who are most taken up with Pictures from their Infancy, because by them the knowledge of things which they seem to represent (and whereof Children are as yet ignorant) are most easily conveyed to the Understanding. But for as much as the work is now done, though in some things not so completely as it were to be wished, I rejoyce in the use of it, and desist in my own undertakings for the present. And because any good thing is the better, being the more communicated; I have herein imitated a Child who is forward to impart to others what himself has well liked. You then that have the care of little Children, do not much trouble their thoughts and clog their memories with bare Grammar Rudiments, which to them are harsh in getting, and fluid in retaining; because indeed to them they signifie nothing, but a mere swimming notion of a general term, which they know not what it meaneth, till they comprehend particulars, but by this or the like subsidiary, inform them, first with some knowledge of things and words wherewith to express them, and then their Rules of speaking will be better understood and more firmly kept in mind. Else how should a Child conceive what a Rule meaneth, when he neither knoweth what the Latin word importeth, nor what manner of thing it is which is signified to him in his own native Language, which is given him thereby to understand the Rule? For Rules consisting of generalities, are delivered (as I may say) at a third hand, presuming first the things, and then the words to be already apprehended touching which they are made. I might indeed enlarge upon this Subject, it being the very Basis of our Profession, to search into the way of Childrens taking hold by little and little of what we teach them, that so we may apply ourselves to their reach: But I leave the observation thereof to your own daily exercise, and experience got thereby.

And I pray God, the fountain and giver of all wisdom, that hath bestowed upon us this gift of Teaching, so to inspire and direct us by his Grace, that we may train up Children in his Fear and in the knowledge of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord; and then no doubt our teaching and their learning of other things subordinate to these, will by the assistance of his blessed Spirit make them able and willing to do him faithful Service both in Church and Commonwealth, as long as they live here, that so they may be eternally blessed with him hereafter. This, I beseech you, beg for me and mine, as I shall daily do for you and yours, at the throne of God’s heavenly grace; and remain while I live

Ready to serve you, as I truly love and honour you, and labour willingly in the same Profession with you,

CHARLES HOOLE.

From my School, in

Lothbury, London, Jan. 25, 1658.

N.B. Those Heads or Descriptions which concern things beyond the present apprehension of Children’s wits, as, those of Geography, Astronomy, or the like, I would have omitted, till the rest be learned, and a Child be better able to understand them.

The Judgment of Mr. Hezekiah Woodward, sometimes an eminent Schoolmaster in LONDON, touching a work of this Nature; in his Gate to Science, chap. 2.

Certainly the use of Images or Representations is great: If we could make our words as legible to Children as Pictures are, their information therefrom would be quickned and surer. But so we cannot do, though we must do what we can. And if we had Books, wherein are the Pictures of all Creatures, Herbs, Beasts, Fish, Fowls, they would stand us in great stead. For Pictures are the most intelligible Books that Children can look upon. They come closest to Nature, nay, saith Scaliger, Art exceeds her.

AN ADVERTISEMENT CONCERNING THIS EDITION.

As there are some considerable Alterations in the present Edition of this Book from the former, it may be expected an Account should be given of the Reasons for them. ’Tis certain from the Author’s Words, that when it was first published, which was in Latin and Hungary, or in Latin and High-Dutch; every where one word answer’d to another over-against it: This might have been observ’d in our English Translation, which wou’d have fully answer’d the design of COMENIUS, and have made the Book much more useful: But Mr. Hoole, (whether out of too much scrupulousness to disturb the Words in some places from the order they were in, or not sufficiently considering the Inconveniences of having the Latin and English so far asunder) has made them so much disagree, that a Boy has sometimes to seek 7 or 8 lines off for the corresponding Word; which is no small trouble to Young Learners who are at first equally unacquainted with all Words, in a Language they are strangers to, except it be such as have Figures of Reference, or are very like in sound; and thus may perhaps, innocently enough join an Adverb in one Tongue, to a Noun in the other; whence may appear the Necessity of the Translation’s being exactly literal, and the two Languages fairly answering one another, Line for Line.

If it be objected, such a thing cou’d not be done (considering the difference of the Idioms) without transplacing Words here and there, and putting them into an order which may not perhaps be exactly classical; it ought to be observed, this is design’d for Boys chiefly, or those who are just entering upon the Latin Tongue, to whom every thing ought to be made as plain and familiar as possible, who are not, at their first beginning, to be taught the elegant placing of Latin, nor from such short Sentences as these, but from Discourses where the Periods have a fuller Close. Besides, this way has already taken (according to the Advice of very good Judges,) in some other School-Books of Mr. Hoole’s translating, and found to succeed abundantly well.

Such Condescensions as these, to the capacities of young Learners are certainly very reasonable, and wou’d be most agreeable to the Intentions of the Ingenious and worthy Author, and his design to suit whatever he taught, to their manner of apprehending it. Whose Excellency in the art of Education made him so famous all over Europe, as to be solicited by several States and Princes to go and reform the Method of their Schools; and whose works carried that Esteem, that in his own Life-time some part of them were not only translated into 12 of the usual Languages of Europe, but also into the Arabic, Turkish, Persian, and Mogolic (the common Tongue of all that part of the East-Indies) and since his death, into the Hebrew, and some others. Nor did they want their due Encouragement here in England, some Years ago; ’till by an indiscreet use of them, and want of a thorow acquaintance with his Method, or unwillingness to part from their old road, they began to be almost quite left off: Yet it were heartily to be wish’d, some Persons of Judgment and Interest, whose Example might have an influence upon others, and bring them into Reputation again, wou’d revive the COMENIAN METHOD, which is no other, than to make our Scholars learn with Delight and chearfulness, and to convey a solid and useful Knowledge of Things, with that of Languages, in an easy, natural and familiar way. Didactic Works (as they are now collected into one volume) for a speedy attaining the Knowledge of Things and Words, join’d with the Discourses of Mr. Lock * and 2 or 3 more out of our own Nation, for forming the Mind and settling good Habits, may doubtless be look’d upon to contain the most reasonable, orderly, and completed System of the Art of Education, that can be met with.

Yet, alas! how few are there, who follow the way they have pointed out? tho’ every one who seriously considers it, must be convinc’d of the Advantage; and the generality of Schools go on in the same old dull road, wherein a great part of Children’s time is lost in a tiresome heaping up a Pack of dry and unprofitable, or pernicious Notions (for surely little better can be said of a great part of that Heathenish stuff they are tormented with; like the feeding them with hard Nuts, which when they have almost broke their teeth with cracking, they find either deaf or to contain but very rotten and unwholesome Kernels) whilst Things really perfected of the understanding, and useful in every state of Life, are left unregarded, to the Reproach of our Nation, where all other Arts are improved and flourish well, only this of Education of Youth is at a stand; as if that, the good or ill management of which is of the utmost consequence to all, were a thing not worth any Endeavors to improve it, or was already so perfect and well executed that it needed none, when many of the greatest Wisdom and Judgment in several Nations, have with a just indignation endeavor’d to expose it, and to establish a more easy and useful way in its room.

’Tis not easy to say little on so important a subject, but thus much may suffice for the present purpose. The Book has merit enough to recommend it self to those who know how to make a right use of it. It was reckon’d one of the Author’s best performances; and besides the many Impressions and Translations it has had in parts beyond Sea, has been several times reprinted here. It was endeavor’d no needless Alterations shou’d be admitted in this Edition, and as little of any as cou’d consist with the design of making it plain and useful; to shun the offence it might give to some; and only the Roman and Italic Character alternately made use of, where transplacing of Words cou’d be avoided.

J. H.

London,

July 13, 1727.

* Mr. Lock’s Essay upon Education.

Dr. Tabor’s Christian Schoolmaster.

Dr. Ob. Walker of Education.

Mr. Monro’s Essay on Education.

—His just Measures of the pious Institutions of Youth, &c.

Orbis Sensualium Pictus,

A World of Things Obvious to the

Senses drawn in Pictures.

I.

Invitation.

Invitatio.

The Master and the Boy.

Magister & Puer.

M. Come, Boy, learn to be wise.

M. Veni, Puer, disce sapere.

P. What doth this mean, to be wise  ?

P. Quid hoc est, Sapere  ?

M. To understand rightly,

to do rightly,

and to speak out rightly

all that are necessary.

M. Intelligere recte,

agere recte,

et eloqui recte

omnia necessaria.

P. Who will teach me this?

P. Quis docebit me hoc?

M. I, by God’s help.

M. Ego, cum DEO.

P. How?

P. Quomodo?

M. I will guide thee thorow all.

M. Ducam te per omnia.

I will shew thee all.

Ostendam tibi omnia.

I will name thee all.

Nominabo tibi omnia.

P. See, here I am;

lead me in the name of God.

P. En, adsum;

duc me in nomine DEI.

M. Before all things,

thou oughtest to learn

the plain sounds,

of which man’s speech

consisteth;

which living creatures

know how to make,

and thy Tongue knoweth how

to imitate, and thy hand

can picture out  .

M. Ante omnia,

debes discere

simplices Sonos

ex quibus Sermo humanus

constat;

quos Animalia

sciunt formare,

& tua Lingua scit

imitari, & tua Manus

potest pingere  .

Afterwards we will go

into the World,

and we will view all things.

Postea ibimus

Mundum,

& spectabimus omnia.

Here thou hast a lively

and Vocal Alphabet.

Hic habes vivum

et vocale Alphabetum.

All pictures A-M, N-Z

Cornix cornicatur, à à

The Crow crieth.

A a

Agnus balat, b è è è

The Lamb blaiteth.

B b

Cicàda stridet, cì cì

The Grasshopper chirpeth.

C c

Upupa dicit, du du

The Whooppoo saith.

D d

Infans ejulat, è è è

The Infant crieth.

E e

Ventus flat, fi fi

The Wind bloweth.

F f

Anser gingrit, ga ga

The Goose gagleth.

G g

Os halat, hà’h hà’h

The Mouth breatheth.

H h

Mus mintrit, ì ì ì

The Mouse chirpeth.

I i

Anas tetrinnit, kha, kha

The Duck quaketh.

K k

Lupus ululat, lu ulu

The Wolf howleth.

L

Ursus murmurat, mum mum

The Bear grumbleth.

M m

Felis clamat, nau nau

The Cat crieth.

N n

Auriga clamat, ò ò ò

The Carter crieth.

O o

Pullus pipit, pi pi

The Chicken peepeth.

P p

Cúculus cuculat, kuk ku

The cuckow singeth.

Q q

Canis ringitur, err

The dog grinneth.

R r

Serpens sibilat, si

The Serpent hisseth.

S s

Graculus clamat, tac tac

The Jay crieth.

T t

Bubo ululat, ù ù

The Owl hooteth.

U u

Lepus vagit, va

The Hare squeaketh.

W w

Rana coaxat, coax

The Frog croaketh.

X x

Asinus rudit, y y y

The Asse brayeth.

Y y

Tabanus dicit, ds ds

The Breeze or Horse-flie saith.

Z z

II.

God.

Deus.

God is of himself

from everlasting to everlasting.

Deus est ex seipso,

ab æterno in æternum.

A most perfect

and a most blessed Being  .

Perfectissimum

& beatissimum Ens  .

In his Essence Spiritual,

and One.

Essentiâ Spiritualis

& unus.

In his Personality  , Three.

Hypostasi   Trinus.

In his Will, Holy, Just,

Merciful and True.

Voluntate, Sanctus, Justus,

Clemens, Verax.

In his Power   very great.

Potentiâ   maximus.

In his Goodness  , very good.

Bonitate   Optimus.

In his Wisdom  , unmeasurable.

Sapientiâ  , immensus.

A Light inaccessible;

and yet all in all.

Lux inaccessa;

& tamen omnia in omnibus.

Every where, and no where.

Ubique & nullibi.

The chiefest Good, and

the only and inexhausted

Fountain of all good things.

Summum Bonum, et

solus et inexhaustus

Fons omnium Bonorum.

As the Creator, so the

Governour and Preserver

of all things, which we call

the World  .

Ut Creator, ita

Gubernator et Conservator

omnium rerum, quas vocamus

Mundum  .

III.

The World.

Mundus.

The Heaven, 1.

hath Fire, and Stars  .

Cœlum, 1.

habet Ignem & Stellas  .

The Clouds, 2.

hang in the Air  .

Nubes, 2.

pendent in Aere  .

Birds, 3.

fly under the Clouds.

Aves, 3.

volant sub nubibus.

Fishes, 4.

swim in the Water  .

Pisces, 4.

natant in Aqua  .

The Earth hath Hills, 5.

Woods, 6. Fields, 7.

Beasts, 8. and Men  , 9.

Terra habet Montes, 5.

Sylvas, 6. Campos, 7.

Animalia, 8. Homines  , 9.

Thus the greatest Bodies

of the World,

the four Elements,

are full of

their own Inhabitants.

Ita maxima Corpora

Mundi,

quatuor Elementa,

sunt plena

Habitatoribus suis.

IV.

The Heaven.

Cœlum.

The Heaven, 1.

is wheeled about, and

encompasseth the Earth, 2.

standing in the middle.

Cœlum, 1.

rotatur, &

ambit Terram, 2.

stantem in medio.

The Sun, 3.

wheresoever it is,

shineth perpetually,

howsoever dark Clouds, 4.

may take it from us;

and causeth by his Rays, 5.

Light, and the Light, Day  .

Sol, 3.

ubi ubi est,

fulget perpetuo,

ut ut densa Nubila, 4.

eripiant eum a nobis;

facitque suis Radiis, 5.

Lucem, Lux Diem  .

On the other side,

over against it,

is Darkness, 6.

and thence Night  .

Ex opposito,

sunt Tenebræ, 6.

inde Nox  .

In the Night

shineth the Moon, 7.

and the Stars, 8.

glister and twinkle.

Nocte

splendet Luna, 7.

& Stellæ, 8.

micant, scintillant.

In the Evening, 9.

is Twilight  :

Vesperi, 9.

est Crepusculum  :

In the Morning, 10.

the breaking,

and dawning of the Day.

Manè

Aurora, 10.

& Diluculum.

V.

Fire.

Ignis.

The Fire gloweth, burneth

and consumeth to ashes.

Ignis ardet, urit,

cremat.

A spark of it struck out

of a Flint (or Firestone), 2.

by means of a Steel, 1.

and taken by Tynder

in a Tynder-box, 3.

lighteth a Match, 4.

and after that a Candle, 5.

or stick, 6.

and causeth a flame, 7.

or blaze, 8.

which catcheth hold of

the Houses.

Scintilla ejus elisa

e Silice, (Pyrite) 2.

Ope Chalybis, 1.

et excepta a Fomite

in Suscitabulo, 3.

accendit Sulphuratum, 4.

et inde Candelam, 5.

vel Lignum, 6.

et excitat Flammam, 7.

vel Incendium, 8.

quod corripit

Ædificia.

Smoak, 9.

ascendeth therefrom,

which, sticking to

the Chimney, 10.

turneth into Soot  .

Fumus, 9.

ascendit inde,

qui, adhærans

Camino, 10.

abit in Fuliginem  .

Of a Fire-brand,

(or burning stick)

is made a Brand, 11.

(or quenched stick).

Ex Torre,

(ligno ardente,)

fit Titio, 11.

(lignum extinctum.)

Of a hot Coal

(red hot piece

of a Fire-brand)

is made a Coal, 12.

(or a dead Cinder  ).

Ex Pruna,

(candente particulâ

Torris,)

fit Carbo, 12.

(Particula mortua  .)

That which remaineth,

is at last Ashes, 13.

and Embers (or hot Ashes  ).

Quod remanet,

tandem est Cinis, 13.

& Favilla (ardens Cinis  .)

VI.

The Air.

Aër.

A cool Air, 1.

breatheth gently.

Aura, 1.

spirat leniter.

The Wind, 2.

bloweth strongly.

Ventus, 2.

flat valide.

A Storm, 3.

throweth down Trees.

Procella, 3.

sternit Arbores.

A Whirl-wind, 4.

turneth it self

in a round compass.

Turbo, 4.

agit se

in gyrum.

A Wind under Ground, 5.

causeth an Earthquake  .

Ventus subterraneus, 5.

excitat Terræ motum  .

An Earthquake causeth

gapings of the Earth,

(and falls of Houses.) 6.

Terræ motus facit

Labes (& ruinas.) 6.

VII.

The Water.

Aqua.

The Water springeth

out of a Fountain, 1.

floweth downwards

in a Brook, 2.

runneth in a Beck, 3.

standeth in a Pond, 4.

glideth in a Stream, 5.

is whirled about

in a Whirl-pit, 6.

and causeth Fens  , 7.

Aqua scatet

è Fonte, 1.

defluit

in Torrente, 2.

manat in Rivo, 3.

stat in Stagno, 4.

fluit in Flumine, 5.

gyratur

in Vortice, 6.

& facit Paludes  , 7.

The River hath Banks  , 8.

Flumen habet Ripas.

The Sea maketh Shores, 9.

Bays, 10. Capes, 11.

Islands, 12.

Almost Islands, 13.

Necks of Land, 14.

Straights, 15.

and hath in it Rocks  , 16.

Mare facit Littora, 9.

Sìnus, 10. Promontoria, 11.

Insulas, 12.

Peninsulas, 13.

Isthmos, 14.

Freta, 15.

& habet Scopulos  , 16.

VIII.

The Clouds.

Nubes.

A Vapour, 1. ascendeth

from the Water  .

Vapor, 1. ascendit

ex Aquâ  .

From it a Cloud, 2.

is made, and a white Mist, 3.

near the Earth.

Inde Nubes, 2.

fit, et Nebula, 3.

prope terram.

Rain, 4.

and a small Shower

distilleth out of a Cloud,

drop by drop.

Pluvia, 4.

et Imber,

stillat e Nube,

guttatim.

Which being frozen, is Hail, 5.

half frozen is Snow, 6.

being warm is Mel-dew  .

Quæ gelata, Grando, 5.

semigelata, Nix, 6.

calefacta, Rubigo   est.

In a rainy Cloud,

set over against the Sun

the Rainbow  , 7. appeareth.

In nube pluviosâ,

oppositâ soli

Iris  , 7. apparet.

A drop falling into the water

maketh a Bubble, 8.

many Bubbles make

froth, 9.

Gutta incidens in aquam,

facit Bullam, 8.

multæ Bullæ faciunt

spumam, 9.

Frozen Water

is called Ice, 10.

Dew congealed,

is called a white Frost  .

Aqua congelata

Glacies, 10.

Ros congelatus,

dicitur Pruina  .

Thunder is made of

a brimstone-like vapour,

which breaking out of a Cloud,

with Lightning, 11.

thundereth and

striketh with lightning.

Tonitru fit ex

Vapore sulphureo,

quod erumpens è Nube

cum Fulgure, 11.

tonat &

fulminat.

IX.

The Earth.

Terra.

In the Earth

are high Mountains, 1.

Deep Vallies, 2.

Hills rising, 3.

Hollow Caves, 4.

Plain Fields, 5.

Shady Woods  , 6.

In Terra

sunt Alti Montes, 1.

Profundæ valles, 2.

Elevati Colles, 3.

cavæ Speluncæ, 4.

Plani campi, 5.

Opacæ Sylvæ, 6.

X.

The Fruits of the Earth.

Terræ Fœtus.

A meadow,

1. yieldeth grass

with Flowers and Herbs,

which being cut down,

are made Hay  , 2.

Pratum, 1.

fert Gramina,

cum Floribus & Herbis

quæ defecta

fiunt Fænum  , 2.

A Field, 3. yieldeth Corn,

and Pot-herbs  , 4.

Arvum, 3. fert Fruges,

& Olera  , 4.

Mushrooms, 5.

Straw-berries, 6.

Myrtle-trees, &c.

come up   in Woods.

Fungi, 5.

Fraga, 6.

Myrtilli, &c.

Proveniunt   in Sylvis.

Metals, Stones, and

Minerals

grow under the earth  .

Metalla, Lapides,

Mineralia,

nascuntur sub terra  .

XI.

Metals.

Metalla.

Lead, 1.

is soft, and heavy.

Plumbum, 1.

est molle & grave.

Iron, 2. is hard,

and Steel  , 3. harder.

Ferrum, 2. est durum,

& Calybs  , 3. durior.

They make Tankards

(or Cans), 4. of Tin  .

Faciunt Cantharos, 4.

e Stanno  .

Kettles, 5. of Copper  ,

Ahena, 5, e Cupro  ,

Candlesticks, 6. of Latin  ,

Candelabra, 6. ex Orichalco  ,

Dollers, 7. of Silver  ,

Thaleros, 7. ex Argento  ,

Ducats and Crown-pieces, 8.

of Gold  .

Scutatos et Coronatos, 8.

Ex, Auro  .

Quick-silver

is always liquid,

and eateth thorow Metals  .

Argentum Vivum,

semper liquet,

& corrodit Metalla  .

XII.

Stones.

Lapides.

Sand, 1. and Gravel, 2.

is Stone   broken into bits.

Arena, 1. & Sabulum, 2.

est Lapis   comminutus.

A great Stone, 3.

is a piece of

a Rock   (or Crag) 4.

Saxum, 3.

est pars

Petræ   (Cautis) 4.

A Whetstone, 5.

a Flint, 6. a Marble, 7. &c.

are ordinary Stones.

Cos, 5.

Silex, 6. Marmor, 7. &c.

sunt obscuri Lapides.

A Load-stone, 8.

draweth Iron to it.

Magnes, 8.

adtrahit ferrum.

Jewels, 9.

are clear Stones, as

Gemmæ, 9.

sunt pellucidi Lapilli,

The Diamond   white

ut Adamas   candidus,

The Ruby   red,

Rubinus   rubeus,

The Sapphire   blue,

Sapphirus   cæruleus,

The Emerald   green,

Smaragdus   viridis,

The Jacinth   yellow, &c.

Hyacynthus   luteus, &c.

And they glister

being cut into corners.

et micant

angulati.

Pearls and Unions, 10.

grow in Shell-fish.

Margaritæ & Uniones, 10.

crescunt in Conchis.

Corals, 11.

in a Sea-shrub.

Corallia, 11.

in Marinâ arbusculâ.

Amber, 12. is gathered

from the Sea.

Succinum, 12. colligitur

è mari.

Glass, 13, is like

Chrystal  .

Vitrum, 13. simile est

Chrystallo  .

XIII.

Tree.

Arbor.

A Plant, 1. groweth

from a Seed  .

Planta, 1. procrescit

e Semine  .

A plant waxeth

to a Shoot  , 2.

Planta abit

in Fruticem  , 2.

A Shoot to a Tree  , 3.

Frutex in Arborem  , 3.

The Root, 4.

beareth up the Tree.

Radix, 4.

Sustentat arborem.

The Body or Stem, 5.

riseth from the Root.

Stirps (Stemma) 5.

Surgit e radice.

The Stem divideth it self

into Boughs, 6.

and green Branches, 7.

made of Leaves  , 8.

Stirps se dividit

in Ramos, 6.

& Frondes, 7.

factas e Foliis  , 8.

The top, 9.

is in the height.

Cacumen, 9.

est in summo.

The Stock, 10.

is close to the roots.

Truncus, 10.

adhærat radicibus.

A Log, 11.

is the body fell’d down

without Boughs; having

Bark and Rind, 12.

Pith and Heart  , 13.

Caudex, 11.

est Stipes dejectus,

sine ramis; habens

Corticem & Librum, 12.

pulpam & medullam  , 13.

Bird-lime, 14.

groweth upon the boughs,

which also sweat

Gumm,

Rosin,

Pitch  , &c.

Viscum, 14.

adnascitur ramis,

qui etiam sudant,

Gummi,

Resinam,

Picem  , &c.

XIV.

Fruits of Trees.

Fructus Arborum.

Fruits that have no shells

are pull’d from

fruit-bearing trees.

Poma

decerpuntur, a

fructiferis arboribus.

The Apple  , 1. is round.

Malum  , 1. est rotundum.

The Pear, 2. and Fig, 3.

are something long.

Pyrum, 2. & Ficus, 3.

sunt oblonga.

The Cherry, 4.

hangeth by a long start.

Cerasum, 4.

pendet longo Pediolo  .

The Plumb, 5.

and Peach, 6.

by a shorter.

Prunum, 5.

& Persicum, 6.

breviori.

The Mulberry, 7.

by a very short one.

Morum, 7.

brevissimo.

The Wall-nut, 8.

the Hazel-nut, 9.

and Chest-nut, 10.

are wrapped in a husk

and a Shell  .

Nux Juglans, 8.

Avellana, 9.

& Castanea, 10.

involuta sunt Cortici

& Putamini  .

Barren trees are 11.

The Firr, the Alder,

The Birch, the Cypress,

The Beech, the Ash,

The Sallow, the Linden-tree,

&c., but most of them

affording shade.

Steriles arbores sunt 11.

Abies, Alnus,

Betula, Cupressus,

Fagus, Fraxinus,

Salix, Tilia,

&c. sed pleræque

umbriferæ.

But the Juniper, 12.

and Bay-tree, 13.

yield Berries  .

At Juniperus, 12.

& Laurus, 13.

ferunt Baccas  .

The Pine, 14. Pine-apples  .

Pinus, 14. Strobilos  .

The Oak, 15.

Acorns and Galls  .

Quercus, 15.

Glandes & Gallas  .

XV.

Flowers.

Flores.

Amongst the Flowers

the most noted,

Inter flores

notissimi,

In the beginning

of the Spring are

the Violet, 1. the Crow-toes, 2.

the Daffodil  , 3.

Primo vere,

Viola, 1. Hyacinthus, 2.

Narcissus  , 3.

Then the Lillies, 4.

white and yellow

and blew, 5.

and the Rose, 6. and the

Clove-gilliflowers  , 7. &c.

Tum Lilia, 4.

alba & lutea,

& cœrulea, 5.

tandem Rosa, 6. &

Caryophillum  , 7. &c.

Of these Garlands, 8.

and Nosegays, 9.

are tyed round with twigs.

Ex his Serta, 8.

& Serviæ, 9.

vientur.

There are added also

sweet herbs, 10.

as Marjoram,

Flower gentle, Rue,

Lavender,

Rosemary.

Hysop, Spike,

Basil, Sage,

Mints  , &c.

Adduntur etiam

Herbæ odoratæ, 10.

ut Amaracus,

Amaranthus, Ruta,

Lavendula,

Rosmarinus, (Libanotis).

Hypossus, Nard,

Ocymum, Salvia,

Menta  , &c.

Amongst Field-flowers, 11.

the most noted are

the May-lillie,

Germander, the Blew-Bottle,

Chamomel  , &c.

Inter Campestres Flores, 11.

notissimi sunt

Lilium Convallium,

Chamædrys, Cyanus,

Chamæmelum  , &c.

And amongst Herbs,

Trefoil.

Wormwood, Sorrel,

the Nettle  , &c.

Et Herbæ,

Cytisus (Trifolium)

Absinthium, Acetosa,

Urtica  , &c.

The Tulip, 12.

is the grace of flowers,

but affording no smell.

Tulipa, 12.

est decus Florum,

sed expers odoris.

XVI.

Potherbs.

Olera.

Pot-herbs

grow in Gardens,

as Lettice, 1.

Colewort, 2.

Onions, 3. Garlick, 4.

Gourd, 5.

The Parsnep, 6.

The Turnep, 7.

The Radish, 8.

Horse-radish, 9.

Parsly, 10.

Cucumbers, 11.

and Pompions  , 12.

Olera

nascuntur in hortis,

ut Lactuca, 1.

Brassica, 2.

Cepa, 3. Allium, 4.

Cucurbita, 5.

Siser, 6.

Rapa, 7.

Raphanus minor, 8.

Raphanus major, 9.

Petroselinum, 10.

Cucumeres, 11.

Pepones  , 12.

XVII.

Corn.

Fruges.

Some Corn grows

upon a straw,

parted by knots,

as Wheat, 1.

Rie, 2, Barley, 3.

in which the Ear hath awnes,

or else it is without awnes,

and it nourisheth the Corn

in the Husk  .

Frumenta quædam crescunt

super culmum,

distinctum geniculis,

ut, Triticum, 1.

Siligo, 2. Hordeum, 3.

in quibus Spica habet Aristas,

aut est mutica,

fovetque grana

in gluma  .

Some instead of an ear,

have a rizom (or plume)

containing the corn

by bunches,

as Oats, 4. Millet, 5.

Turkey-wheat  , 6.

Quædam pro Spica,

habent Paniculam,

continentem grana

fasciatim,

ut, Avena, 4. Milium, 5.

Frumentum Saracenicum  , 6.

Pulse have Cods,

which enclose the corns

in two Shales,

as Pease, 7.

Beans, 8. Vetches, 9. and

those that are less than these

Lentils and Urles

(or Tares).

Legumina habent Siliquas,

quæ includunt grana

valvulis,

ut, Pisum, 7.

Fabæ, 8. Vicia, 9. &

minores his

Lentes & Cicera  .

XVIII.

Shrubs.

Frutices.

A plant being greater,

and harder than an herb,

is called a Shrub:

such as are

Planta major

& durior herba,

dicitur Frutex:

ut sunt

In Banks and Ponds,

the Rush, 1.

the Bulrush, 2.

or Cane without knots

bearing Cats-tails,

and the Reed, 3.

which is knotty and hollow

within.

In ripis & stagnis,

Juncus, 1.

Scirpus, 2.

[Canna] enodis

ferens Typhos,

& Arundo, 3.

nodosa et cava

intus.

Elsewhere, 4. the Rose,

the Bastard-Corinths,

the Elder, the Juniper  .

Alibi, 4. Rosa,

Ribes,

Sambucus, Juniperus,

Also the Vine, 5. which

putteth forth branches, 6.

and these tendrels, 7.

Vine-leaves, 8.

and Bunches of grapes, 9.

on the stock whereof

hang Grapes,

which contain Grape-stones  .

Item Vitis, 5. quæ

emittit Palmites, 6.

et hi Capreolos, 7.

Pampinos, 8.

et Racemos, 9.

quorum Scapo

pendent Uvæ,

continentes Acinos  .

XIX.

Living-Creatures: and First, Birds.

Animalia: & primum, Aves

A living Creature liveth,

perceiveth, moveth it self;

is born, dieth,

is nourished, and groweth:

standeth, or sitteth,

or lieth, or goeth.

Animal vivit,

sentit, movet se;

nascitur, moritur,

nutritur, & crescit;

stat, aut sedet,

aut cubat, aut graditur.

A Bird,

(here the King’s Fisher, 1. *

making her nest in the Sea.)

is covered with Feathers, 2.

flyeth with Wings, 3.

hath two Pinions, 4.

as many Feet, 5.

a Tail, 6.

and a Bill  , 7.

Avis,

(hic Halcyon, 1.

in mari nidulans.)

tegitur Plumis, 2.

volat Pennis, 3.

habet duas Alas, 4.

totidem Pedes, 5.

Caudam, 6.

& Rostrum  , 7.

The Shee, 8.

layeth Eggs, 10.

in a nest, 9.

and sitting upon them,

hatcheth young ones  , 11.

Fæmella, 8.

ponit Ova, 10.

in nido, 9.

et incubans iis,

excludit Pullos  , 11.

An Egg is cover’d

with a Shell, 12.

under which is

the White, 13.

in this the Yolk  , 14.

Ovum tegitur

testa, 12.

sub qua est

Albumen, 13.

in hoc Vitellus  , 14.

XX.

Tame Fowls.

Aves Domesticæ.

The Cock, 1. (which

croweth in the Morning.)

hath a Comb, 2.

and Spurs, 3.

being gelded, he is called

a Capon, and is crammed

in a Coop  , 4.

Gallus, 1. (qui

cantat mane.)

habet Cristam, 2.

& Calcaria, 3.

castratus dicitur

Capo & saginatur

in Ornithotrophico  , 4.

A Hen, 5.

scrapeth the Dunghil,

and picketh up Corns:

as also the Pigeons, 6.

(which are brought up in

a Pigeon-house, 7.)

and the Turkey-cock, 8.

with his Turkey-hen  , 9.

Gallina, 5.

ruspatur fimetum,

& colligit grana:

sicut & Columbæ, 6,

(quæ educantur in

Columbario, 7.)

& Gallopavus, 8.

cum sua Meleagride  , 9.

The gay Peacock, 10.

prideth in his Feathers.

Formosus Pavo, 10.

superbit pennis.

The Stork, 11.

buildeth her nest

on the top of the House.

Ciconia, 11.

nidificat

in tecto.

The Swallow, 12.

the Sparrow, 13.

the Mag-pie, 14.

the Jackdaw, 15.

and the Bat, 16.

(or Flettermouse)

use to flie about Houses.

Hirundo, 12.

Passer, 13.

Pica, 14.

Monedula, 15.

& Vespertilio, 16.

(Mus alatus)

volitant circa Domus.

XXI.

Singing-Birds.

Oscines.

The Nightingal, 1.

singeth the sweetlyest of all.

Luscinia (Philomela), 1.

cantat suavissime omnium.

The Lark, 2. singeth

as she flyeth in the Air.

Alauda, 2. cantillat

volitans in aere;

The Quail, 3.

sitting on the ground;

Coturnix, 3.

sedens humi;

others on the boughs of trees, 4.

as the Canary-bird,

the Chaffinch,

the Goldfinch,

the Siskin,

the Linnet,

the little Titmouse,

the Wood-wall,

the Robin-red-breast,

the Hedge-sparrow  , &c.

Cæteræ, in ramis arborum, 4.

ut Luteola peregrina.

Fringilla,

Carduelis,

Acanthis,

Linaria,

parvus Parus,

Galgulus,

Rubecula,

Curruca  , &c.

The party colour’d Parret, 5.

the Black-bird, 6.

the Stare, 7.

with the Mag-pie

and the Jay, learn

to frame men’s words.

Discolor Psittacus, 5.

Merula, 6.

Sturnus, 7.

cum Pica,

& Monedula, discunt

humanas voces formare

A great many are wont

to be shut in Cages  , 8.

Pleræque solent

includi Caveis  , 8.

XXII.

Birds that haunt the Fields and Woods.

Aves Campestres & Sylvestres

The Ostrich, 1.

is the greatest Bird.

Struthio, 1.

ales est maximus.

The Wren, 2.

is the least.

Regulus, 2. (Trochilus)

minimus.

The Owl, 3.

is the most despicable.

Noctua, 3.

despicatissimus.

The Whoopoo, 4.

is the most nasty,

for it eateth dung.

Upupa, 4.

sordidissimus,

vescitur enim stercoribus.

The Bird of Paradise, 5.

is very rare.

Manucodiata, 5.

rarissimus.

The Pheasant, 6.

the Bustard, 7.

the deaf wild Peacock, 8.

the Moor-hen, 9.

the Partrige, 10.

the Woodcock, 11.

and the Thrush, 12.

are counted Dainties.

Phasianus, 6.

Tarda (Otis), 7.

surdus, Tetrao, 8.

Attagen, 9.

Perdix, 10.

Gallinago (Rusticola), 11.

& Turdus, 12,

habentur in deliciis.

Among the rest,

the best are,

the watchful Crane, 13.

the mournful Turtle, 14.

the Cuckow, 15.

the Stock-dove,

the Speight,

the Jay,

the Crow  , &c., 16.

Inter reliquas,

potissimæ sunt,

Grus 13. pervigil.

Turtur, 14. gemens.

Cuculus, 15.

Palumbes,

Picus,

Garrulus,

Cornix  , &c., 16.

XXIII.

Ravenous Birds.

Aves Rapaces.

The Eagle, 1.

the King of Birds

looketh upon the Sun,

Aquila, 1.

Rex Avium,

intuetur Solem.

The Vulture, 2.

and the Raven, 3.

feed upon Carrion  .

Vultur, 2.

& Corvus, 3.

pascuntur morticinis,

[cadaveribus.]

The Kite, 4. pursueth

Chickens.

Milvus, 4. insectatur

pullos gallinaceos.

The Falcon, 5.

the Hobbie, 6.

and the Hawk, 7.

catch at little Birds.

Falco, 5,

Nisus, 6.

& Accipiter, 7.

captant aviculas.

The Gerfalcon, 8. catcheth

Pigeons and greater Birds.

Astur, 8. captat

columbas & aves majores.

XXIV.

Water-Fowl.

Aves Aquaticæ.

The white Swan, 1.

the Goose, 2.

and the Duck, 3.

swim up and down.

Oler, 1. candidus,

Anser, 2.

& Anas, 3.

natant.

The Cormorant, 4.

diveth.

Mergus, 4.

se mergit.

Add to these the water-hen,

and the Pelican  , &c., 10.

Adde his Fulicam,

Pelecanum  , &c., 10.

The Osprey, 5.

and the Sea-mew, 6.

flying downwards

use to catch Fish,

but the Heron, 7.

standing on the Banks.

Haliæetus, 5.

& Gavia, 6.

devolantes,

captant pisces,

sed Ardea, 7.

stans in ripis.

The Bittern, 8. putteth

his Bill in the water, and

belloweth like an Ox.

Butio, 8. inferit

rostrum aquæ, &

mugit ut bos.

The Water-wagtail, 9.

waggeth the tail.

Motacilla, 9.

motat caudam.

XXV.

Flying Vermin.

Insecta volantia.

The Bee, 1. maketh honey

which the Drone  , 2. devoureth.

Apis, 1. facit mel

quod Fucus, 2. depascit

The Wasp, 3.

and the Hornet, 4.

molest with a sting;

and the Gad-Bee

(or Breese), 5.

especially Cattel;

but the Fly, 6.

and the Gnat  , 7. us.

Vespa, 3.

& Crabro, 4.

infestant oculeo;

& Oestrum

(Asilus), 5.

imprimis pecus.

autem Musca, 6.

& Culex  , 7. nos.

The Cricket  , 8. singeth.

Gryllus, 8. cantillat  .

The Butterfly, 9. is a

winged Caterpillar  .

Papillio, 9. est

alata Eruca  .

The Beetle, 10. covereth

her wings with Cases  .

Scarabæus, 10. tegit

alas vaginis  .

The Glow-worm, 11.

shineth by night.

Cicindela [Lampyris], 11.

nitet noctu.

XXVI.

Four-Footed Beasts: and First those about the House.

Quadrupeda: & primum Domestica.

The Dog, 1.

with the Whelp, 2.

is keeper of the House.

Canis, 1.

cum Catello, 2.

est custos Domûs.

The Cat, 3.

riddeth the House

of Mice, 4.

which also

a Mouse-trap  , 5. doth.

Felis (Catus) 3.

purgat domum

à Muribus, 4.

quod etiam

Muscipula  , 5. facit.

A Squirrel, 6.

The Ape, 7.

and the Monkey, 8.

are kept at home

for delight.

Sciurus, 6.

Simia, 7.

& Cercopithecus, 8.

habentur domi

delectamento.

The Dormouse, 9. and

other greater Mice, 10.

as, the Weesel, the Marten,

and the Ferret,

trouble the House,

Glis, 9. &

cæteri Mures majores, 10.

ut, Mustela, Martes,

Viverra,

infestant domum.

XXVII.

Herd-Cattle.

Pecora.

The Bull, 1. the Cow, 2.

and the Calf, 3.

are covered with hair.

Taurus, 1. Vacca, 2.

& Vitulus, 3.

teguntur pilis.

The Ram, the Weather, 4.

the Ewe, 5. and the Lamb, 6.

bear wool.

Aries, Vervex, 4.

Ovis, 5. cum Agno, 6.

gestant lanam.

The He-goat, the Gelt-goat, 7.

with the She-goat, 8.

and Kid, 9. have

shag-hair and beards  .

Hircus, Caper, 7.

cum Capra, 8.

& Hædo, 9. habent.

Villos & aruncos  .

The Hog, the Sow, 10.

and the Pigs, 11.

have bristles,

but not horns;

but also cloven feet

as those others (have.)

Porcus, Scrofa, 10.

cum Porcellis, 11.

habent Setas,

at non Cornua;

sed etiam Ungulas bisulcas

ut illa.

XXVIII.

Labouring-Beasts.

Jumenta.

The Ass, 1.

and the Mule, 2.

carry burthens.

Asinus, 1.

& Mulus, 2.

gestant Onera.

The Horse, 3.

(which a Mane, 4. graceth)

carryeth us.

Equus, 3.

(quam Juba, 4. ornat)

gestat nos ipsos.

The Camel, 5.

carryeth the Merchant

with his Ware.

Camelus, 5.

gestat Mercatorem

cum mercibus suis.

The Elephant, 6.

draweth his meat to him

with his Trunk  , 7.

Elephas, (Barrus) 6.

attrahit pabulum

Proboscide  , 7.

He hath two Teeth, 8.

standing out,

and is able to carry

full thirty men.

Habet duos dentes, 8.

prominentes,

& potest portare

etiam triginta viros.

XXIX.

Wild-Cattle.

Feræ Pecudes.

The Buff, 1.

and the Buffal, 2.

are wild Bulls.

Urus, 1.

& Bubalus, 2.

sunt feri Boves.

The Elke, 3.

being bigger than an Horse

(whose back is impenetrable)

hath knaggy horns

as also the Hart  , 4.

Alces, 3.

major equo

(cujus tergus est impenetrabilis)

habet ramosa cornua:

ut & Cervus  , 4.

but the Roe, 5. and

the Hind-calf  , almost none.

Sed Caprea, 5. cum

Hinnulo  , ferè nulla.

The Stone-back, 6.

huge great ones.

Capricornus, 6.

prægrandia;

The Wild-goat, 7.

hath very little ones,

by which she hangeth

her self on a Rock.

Rupicapra, 7.

minuta,

quibus suspendit

se ad rupem.

The Unicorn, 8.

hath but one,

but that a precious one.

Monoceros, 8.

habet unum,

sed pretiosum.

The Boar, 9.

assaileth one with his tushes.

Aper, 9.

grassatur dentibus.

The Hare  , 10. is fearful.

Lepus  , 10. pavet.

The Cony, 11.

diggeth the Earth.

Cuniculus, 11.

perfodit terram;

As also the Mole, 12.

which maketh hillocks.

Ut & Talpa, 12.

quæ facit grumos.

XXX.

Wild-Beasts.

Feræ Bestiæ.

Wild Beasts have

sharp paws, and teeth,

and are flesh eaters.

Bestiæ habent

acutos ungues, & dentes,

suntque carnivoræ,

As the Lyon, 1.

the King of four-footed Beasts,

having a mane;

with the Lioness  .

Ut Leo, 1.

Rex quadrupedum,

jubatus;

cum Leænâ  .

The spotted Panther  , 2.

Maculosus, Pardo

(Panthera) 2.

The Tyger, 3.

the cruellest of all.

Tygris, 3.

immanissima omnium.

The Shaggy Bear  , 4.

Villosus Ursus  , 4.

The ravenous Wolf  , 5.

Rapax Lupus  , 5.

The quick sighted Ounce  , 6.

Lynx  , 6. visu pollens,

The tayled fox, 7.

the craftiest of all.

Caudata Vulpes, 7.

astutissima omnium  .

The Hedge-hog, 8.

is prickly.

Erinaceus, 8.

est aculeatus.

The Badger, 9.

delighteth in holes.

Melis, 9.

gaudet latebris.

XXXI.

Serpents and Creeping things.

Serpentes & Reptilia.

Snakes creep

by winding themselves;

Angues repunt

sinuando se;

The Adder, 1.

in the wood;

Coluber, 1.

in Sylvâ;

The Water-snake, 2.

in the water;

Natrix, (hydra) 2.

in Aquâ;

The Viper, 3.

amongst great stones.

Vipera, 3.

in saxis;

The Asp  , 4. in the fields.

Aspis, 4,   in campis.

The Boa, (or Mild-snake) 5.

in Houses.

Boa, 5.

in Domibus.

The Slow-worm, 6.

is blind.

Cæcilia, 6.

est cœca  .

The Lizzard, 7.

and the Salamander, 8.

(that liveth long in fire)

have feet.

Lacerta, 7.

Salamandra, 8.

(in igne vivax,)

habent pedes.

The Dragon, 9.

a winged Serpent,

killeth with his Breath.

Draco, 9.

Serpens alatus,

necat halitu.

The Basilisk, 10.

with his Eyes;

Basiliscus, 10.

Oculis;

And the Scorpion, 11.

with his poysonous tail.

Scorpio, 11.

venenatâ caudâ.

XXXII.

Crawling-Vermin.

Insecta repentia.

Worms gnaw things  .

Vermes, rodunt res  .

The Earth-worm, 1.

the Earth.

Lumbricus, 1.

terram.

The Caterpillar, 2.

the Plant.

Eruca, 2.

plantam.

The Grashopper, 3.

the Fruits.

Cicada, 3.

Fruges.

The Mite  , 4. the Corn.

Circulio  , 4. Frumenta.

The Timber-worm, 5.

Wood.

Teredo, (cossis) 5.

Ligna.

The Moth  , 6. a garment.

Tinea  , 6. vestem.

The Book-worm, 7.

a Book.

Blatta, 7.

Librum.

Maggots, 8.

Flesh and Cheese.

Termites, 8.

carnem & caseum.

Hand-worms  , the Hair.

Acari  , Capillum.

The skipping Flea, 9.

the Lowse, 10.

and the stinking Wall-louse, 11.

bite us.

Saltans Pulex, 9.

Pediculus, 10.

fœtans Cimex, 11.

mordent nos.

The Tike, 12.

is a blood-sucker.

Ricinus, 12.

sanguisugus est.

The Silk-worm, 13.

maketh silk.

Bombyx, 13.

facit sericum.

The Pismire, 14.

is painful.

Formica, 14.

est laboriosa.

The Spider, 15.

weaveth a Cobweb,

nets for flies.

Aranea, 15.

texit Araneum,

retia muscis.

The Snail, 16.

carrieth about her Snail-horn.

Cochlea, 16.

circumfert testam.

XXXIII.

Creatures that live as well by Water as by Land.

Amphibia.

Creatures that live

by land and by water, are

Viventia

in terrâ & aquâ, sunt

The Crocodile, 1.

a cruel and preying Beast

of the River Nilus  ;

Crocodilus, 1.

immanis & prædatrix bestia

Nili   fluminis;

The Castor or Beaver, 2.

having feet like a Goose,

and a scaly tail to swim.

Castor, (Fiber) 2.

habens pedes anserinos

& squameam Caudam

ad natandum.

The Otter  , 3.

Lutra  , 3.

The croaking Frog, 4.

with the Toad  .

& coaxans Rana, 4.

cum Bufone  .

The Tortoise, 5.

covered above and beneath

with shells,

as with a target.

Testudo, 5.

Operta & infra,

testis,

ceu scuto.

XXXIV.

River Fish and Pond Fish.

Pisces Fluviatiles & Lacustres.

A Fish hath Fins, 1.

with which it swimmeth,

and Gills, 2.

by which it taketh breath,

and Prickles

instead of bones: besides

the Male hath a Milt,

and the Female a Row  .

Piscis habet Pinnas, 1.

quibus natat;

& Branchias, 2.

quibus respirat;

& Spinas

loco ossium: præterea,

Mas Lactes,

Fœmina Ova  .

Some have Scales.

as the Carp, 3.

and the Luce or Pike  , 4.

Quidam habent Squamas,

ut Carpio, 3.

Lucius  , (Lupus) 4.

Some are sleek

as the Eel, 5.

and the Lamprey  , 6.

Alii sunt glabri,

ut, Anguilla, 5.

Mustela  , 6.

The Sturgeon, 7.

having a sharp snout,

groweth beyond

the length of a Man.

Accipenser (Sturio), 7.

mucronatus,

crescit ultra

longitudinem viri.

The Sheath-fish, 8.

having wide Cheeks,

is bigger than he:

Silurus, 8.

bucculentus,

major illo est:

But the greatest,

is the Huson  , 9.

Sed maximus

Antaseus   (Huso,) 9.

Minews, 10.

swimming by shoals,

are the least.

Apuæ, 10.

natantes gregatim,

sunt minutissimæ.

Others of this sort are

the Perch, the Bley,

the Barbel,

the Esch, the Trout,

the Gudgeon, and Trench  , 11.

Alii hujus generis sunt

Perca, Alburnus,

Mullus, (Barbus)

Thymallus, Trutta,

Gobius, Tinca  , 11.

The Crab-fish, 12.

is covered with a shell,

and it hath Claws, and crawleth

forwards and backwards.

Cancer, 12.

tegitur crusta,

habetque chelas, & graditur

porro & retrò.

The Horse-leech, 13.

sucketh blood.

Hirudo, 13.

sugit sanguinem.

XXXV.

Sea-fish, and Shell-fish.

Marini pisces & Conchæ.

The Whale, 1. is the

greatest of the Sea-fish.

Balæna, (Cetus) 1.

maximus Piscium marinorum.

The Dolphin, 2.

the swiftest.

Delphinus, 2.

velocissimus.

The Scate, 3.

the most monstrous.

Raia, 3.

monstrosissimus  .

Others are the Lamprel, 4.

the Salmon, or the Lax  , 5.

Alii sunt Murænula, 4.

Salmo  , (Esox) 5.

There are also fish that flie, 6.

Dantur etiam volatiles, 6.

Add Herrings, 7.

which are brought pickled,

and Place, 8. and Cods, 9.

which are brought dry;

and the Sea monsters,

the Seal. 10.

and the Sea-horse  , &c.

Adde Haleces, 7.

qui salsi,

& Passeres, 8. cum Asellis, 9.

qui adferuntur arefacti;

& monstra marina,

Phocam, 10.

Hippopotamum  , &c.

Shell-fish  , 11. have Shells.

Concha  , 11. habet testas,

The Oyster, 12.

affordeth sweet meat.

Ostrea, 12.

dat sapidam carnem.

The Purple-fish,

13. purple;

Murex, 13.

purpuram;

The others, Pearls, 14.

Alii  , 14. Margaritas.

XXXVI.

Man.

Homo.

Adam, 1. the first Man,

was made by God

after his own Image

the sixth day of the Creation,

of a lump of Earth.

Adamus, 1. primus Homo,

formatus est a Deo

ad Imaginem suam

sextâ die Creationis,

e Gleba Terræ.

And Eve, 2.

the first Woman, was made

of the Rib of the Man.

Et Eva, 2.

prima mulier, formata est

e costâ viri.

These, being tempted

by the Devil under

the shape of a Serpent, 3.

when they had eaten of

the fruit of the forbidden Tree, 4.

were condemned, 5.

to misery and death,

with all their posterity,

and cast out of Paradise  , 6.

Hi, seducti

à Diabolo sub

specie Serpentis, 3.

cum comederent de

fructu vetitæ arboris, 4.

damnati sunt, 5.

ad miseriam & mortem,

cum omni posteritate sua,

& ejecti e Paradiso   6.

XXXVII.

The Seven Ages of Man.

Septem Ætates Hominis.

A Man is first an Infant, 1.

then a Boy, 2.

then a Youth, 3.

then a Young-man, 4.

then a Man, 5.

after that an Elderly-man, 6.

and at last, a decrepid old man  , 7.

Homo est primum Infans, 1.

deinde Puer, 2.

tum Adolescens, 3.

inde Juvenis, 4.

posteà Vir, 5.

dehinc Senex, 6.

tandem Silicernium  , 7.

So also in the other Sex,

there are, a Girl, 8.

A Damosel, 9. a Maid, 10.

A Woman, 11.

an elderly Woman, 12. and

a decrepid old Woman  , 13.

Sic etiam in altero Sexu,

sunt, Pupa, 8.

Puella, 9. Virgo, 10.

Mulier, 11.

Vetula, 12.

Anus decrepita  , 13.

XXXVIII.

The Outward Parts of a Man.

Membra Hominis Externa.

The Head, 1. is above,

the Feet, 20. below.

the fore part of the Neck

(which ends at

the Arm-holes, 2.)

is the Throat, 3.

the hinder part, the Crag  , 4.

Caput, 1. est supra,

infra Pedes, 20.

Anterior pars Colli

(quod desit

in Axillas, 2.)

est Jugulum, 3.

posterior Cervix  , 4.

The Breast, 5, is before;

the back, 6, behind;

Women have in it

two Dugs, 7.

with Nipples  ,

Pectus, 5. est ante;

Dorsum, 6. retro;

Fœeminis sunt in illo

binæ Mammæ, 7.

cum Papillis  .

Under the Breast

is the Belly, 9.

in the middle of it

the Navel, 10.

underneath the Groyn, 11.

and the privities  .

Sub pectore

est Venter, 9.

in ejus medio,

Umbelicus, 10.

subtus Inguen, 11.

& pudenda  .

The Shoulder-blades, 12.

are behind the back,

on which the Shoulders

depend, 13.

on these the Arms, 14.

with the Elbow, 15. and then

on either side the Hands,

the right, 8. and the left  , 16.

Scapulæ, 12.

sunt a tergo,

â quibus pendent

humeri, 13.

ab his Brachia, 14.

cum Cubito, 15. inde

ad utrumque Latus, Manus,

Dextera, 8. & Sinistra  , 16.

The Loyns

are next the Shoulders,

with the Hips, 18.

and in the Breech,

the Buttocks  , 19.

Lumbi, 17.

excipiunt Humeros,

cum Coxis, 18.

& in Podice, (culo)

Nates  , 19.

These make the Foot;

the Thigh, 21. then the Leg, 23.

(the Knee,

being betwixt them, 22.)

in which is the Calf, 24.

with the Shin, 25.

then the Ankles, 26.

the Heel, 27.

and the Sole, 28.

in the very end,

the great Toe, 29.

with four (other) Toes  .

Absolvunt Pedem;

Femur, 21. tum Crus, 23.

(Genu, 22. intermedio.)

in quo Sura, 24.

cum Tilia, 25.

abhinc Tali, 26.

Calx, (Calcaneum) 27.

& Solum, 28.

in extremo

Hallux, 29.

cum quatuor Digitis  .

XXXIX.

The Head and the Hand.

Caput & Manus.

In the Head are

the Hair, 1.

(which is combed

with a Comb, 2.)

two Ears, 3.

the Temples, 4.

and the Face  , 5.

In Capite sunt

Capillus, 1.

(qui pectitur

Pectine, 2.)

Aures, 3. binæ,

& Tempora, 4.

Facies  , 5.

In the Face are

the Fore-head, 6.

both the Eyes, 7.

the Nose, 8.

(with two Nostrils)

the Mouth, 9.

the Cheeks, 10.

and the Chin  , 13.

In facie sunt

Frons, 6.

Oculus, 7. uterque,

Nasus, 8.

(cum duabus Naribus)

Os, 9.

Genæ, (Malæ) 10.

& Mentum  , 13.

The Mouth is fenced

with a Mustacho, 11.

and Lips, 12.

A Tongue and a Palate,

and Teeth, 16.

in the Cheek-bone  .

Os septum est

Mystace, 11.

& Labiis, 12.

Lingua cum Palato,

Dentibus, 16.

in Maxilla  .

A Man’s Chin

is covered with a Beard, 14.

and the Eye

(in which is the White

and the Apple)

with eye-lids,

and an eye-brow  , 15.

Mentum virile

tegitur Barba, 14.

Oculos vero

(in quo Albugo

& Pupilla)

palpæbris, &

supercilio  , 15.

The Hand being closed

is a Fist, 17.

being open is a Palm, 18.

in the midst, is the hollow, 19.

of the Hand.

the extremity is

the Thumb, 20.

with four Fingers,

the Fore-finger, 21.

the Middle-finger, 22.

the Ring-finger, 23.

and the Little-finger  , 24.

Manus contracta,

Pugnus, 17.

est aperta, Palma, 18.

in medio Vola, 19.

extremitas,

Pollex, 20.

cum quatuor Digitis,

Indice, 21.

Medio, 22.

Annulari, 23.

& Auriculari  , 24.

In every one are

three joynts, a. b. c.

and as many knuckles, d. e. f.

with a Nail  , 25.

In quolibet sunt

articuli tres, a. b. c.

& totidem Condyli, d. e. f.

cum Ungue  , 25.

XL.

The Flesh and Bowels.

Caro & Viscera.

In the Body are the Skin

with the Membranes,

the Flesh with the Muscles,

the Chanels,

the Gristles,

the Bones and the Bowels  .

In Corpore sunt Cutis

cum Membranis,

Caro cum Musculis,

Canales,

Cartilagines,

Ossa & Viscera  .

The Skin, 1. being pull’d off,

the Flesh, 2. appeareth,

not in a continual lump,

but being distributed,

as it were in stuft puddings,

which they call Muscles,

whereof there are reckoned

four hundred and five,

being the Chanels of the Spirits,

to move the Members  .

Cute, 1. detractâ,

Caro, 2. apparet,

non continuâ massâ,

sed distributa,

tanquam in farcimina,

quos vocant Musculos,

quorum numerantur

quadringenti quinque,

canales Spirituum,

ad movendum Membra  .

The Bowels are

the inward Members  :

Viscera sunt

Membra   interna:

As in the Head,

the Brains, 3.

being compassed about

with a Skull, and

the Skin which covereth

the Skull  .

Ut in Capite,

Cerebrum, 3.

circumdatum

Cranio, &

Pericranio  .

In the Breast, the Heart, 4.

covered with

a thin Skin about it,

and the Lungs, 5.

breathing to and fro.

In Pectore, Cor, 4.

obvolutum

Pericardio,

& Pulmo, 5.

respirans.

In the Belly,

the Stomach, 6.

and the Guts, 7.

covered with a Caul.

The Liver, 8.

and in the left side opposite

against it, the Milt, 9.

the two Kidneys, 10.

and the Bladder  , 11.

In Ventre,

Ventriculus, 6.

& Intestina, 7.

obducta Omento.

Jecur, (Hepar) 8.

& à sinistro oppositus

ei Lien, 9.

duo Renes, 10.

cum Vesica  , 11.

The Breast

is divided from the Belly

by a thick Membrane,

which is called the Mid-riff  , 12.

Pectus

dividitur à Ventre

crassâ Membranâ,

quæ vocatur Diaphragma  , 12.

XLI.

The Chanels and Bones.

Canales & Ossa.

The Chanels of the Body are

the Veins, carrying

the Blood from the Liver;

Canales Corporis sunt

Venæ deferentes

Sanguinem ex Hepate;

The Arteries (carrying)

Heart and Life from the

Heat;

Arteriæ,

Calorem & Vitam è

Corde  ;

The Nerves (carrying)

Sense and Motion

throughout the Body from

the Brain  .

Nervi,

Sensum et Motum,

per Corpus a Cerebro  .

You shall find these three, 1.

everywhere joined together.

Invenies hæc tria, 1.

ubique sociata.

Besides, from the Mouth

into the Stomach is

the Gullet, 2. the

way of the meat and drink;

and by it to the Lights, the

Wezand, 5. for breathing;

from the Stomach to the Anus

is a great Intestine, 3.

to purge out the Ordure;

from the Liver to the

Bladder, the Ureter, 4.

for making water.

Porrò, ab Ore

in Ventriculum

Gula, 2.

via cibi ac potus;

& juxta hanc, ad Pulmonem

Guttur, 5. pro respiratione;

à ventriculo ad Anum

Colon, 3.

ad excernendum Stercus;

ab Hepate ad

Vesicam, Ureter, 4.

reddendæ urinæ.

The Bones are

in the Head, the Skull, 6.

the two Cheek-bones, 7.

with thirty-two Teeth  , 8.

Ossa sunt

in Capite, Calvaria, 6.

duæ Maxillæ, 7.

cum XXXII. Dentibus  , 8.

Then the Back-bone, 9.

the Pillar of the Body,

consisting of thirty-four

turning Joints, that the

Body may bend it self.

Tum, Spina dorsi, 9.

columna Corporis,

constans ex XXXIV.

Vertebris, ut

Corpus queat flectere se

The Ribs, 10. whereof

there are twenty-four.

Costæ, 10. quarum

viginti quatuor.

The Breast-bone, 11.

the two Shoulder-blades, 12.

the Buttock-bone, 13.

the bigger Bone

in the Arm, 15. and

the lesser Bone   in the Arm.

Os Pectoris, 11.

duæ Scapulæ, 12.

Os sessibuli, 13.

Lacerti, 15.

& Ulna  .

The Thigh-bone, 14.

the foremost, 16.

and the hindmost Bone,

in the Leg, 17.

Tibia, 14.

Fibula, 16. anterior,

& posterior, 17.

The Bones of the Hand, 18.

are thirty-four, and

of the Foot, 19. thirty.

Ossa Manûs, 18.

sunt triginta quatuor,

Pedis, 19. triginta.

The Marrow is in

the Bones.

Medulla est in Ossibus,

XLII.

The Outward and Inward Senses.

Sensus externi & interni.

There are five outward

Senses  ;

Sunt quinque externi

Sensus  ;

The Eye, 1. seeth Colours,

what is white or black,

green or blew,

red or yellow.

Oculus, 1. videt Colores,

quid album vel atrum,

viride vel cœruleum,

rubrum aut luteum, sit.

The Ear, 2. heareth

Sounds, both natural,

Voices and Words;

and artificial,

Musical Tunes.

Auris, 2. audit

Sonos, tum naturales,

Voces & Verba;

tum artificiales,

Tonos Musicos.

The Nose, 3. scenteth

smells and stinks.

Nasus, 3, olfacit

odores & fœtores.

The Tongue, 4.

with the roof of the Mouth

tastes Savours,

what is sweet or bitter,

keen or biting,

sower or harsh.

Lingua, 4.

cum Palato

gustat Sapores,

quid dulce aut amarum,

acre aut acidum,

acerbum aut austerum.

The Hand, 5. by touching

discerneth the quantity

and quality of things;

the hot and cold,

the moist and dry,

the hard and soft,

the smooth and rough,

the heavy and light.

Manus, 5. tangendo

dignoscit quantitatem,

& qualitatem rerum;

calidum & frigidum,

humidum & siccum,

durum & molle,

læve & asperum,

grave & leve.

The inward Senses are

three.

Sensus   interni sunt tres.

The Common Sense, 7.

under the forepart of the

head, apprehendeth

things taken from

the outward Senses.

Sensus Communis, 7.

sub sincipite

apprehendit

res perceptas a

Sensibus externis.

The Phantasie, 6.

under the crown of the head

judgeth of those things,

thinketh and dreameth,

Phantasia, 6.

sub vertice,

dijudicat res istas,

cogitat, somniat.

The Memory, 8.

under the hinder part of the

head, layeth up every thing

and fetcheth them out:

it loseth some,

and this is forgetfulness  .

Memoria, 8.

sub occipitio,

recondit singula

& depromit:

deperdit quædam,

& hoc est oblivio  .

Sleep, is

the rest of the Senses.

Somnus, est

requies Sensuum.

XLIII.

The Soul of Man.

Anima hominis.

The Soul is the Life

of the Body, one in the whole.

Anima est vita

corporis, una in toto.

Only Vegetative in Plants  ;

Tantùm Vegetativa in

Plantis  ;

Withal Sensitive in

Animals  ;

Simul Sensitiva in

Animalibus  ;

And also rational in

Men  .

Etiam Rationalis in

Homine  .

This consisteth in three

things;

Hæc consistet in tribus:

In the Understanding,

whereby it judgeth

and understandeth

a thing good and evil,

or true, or apparent.

In Mente (Intellectu)

quâ cognoscit,

& intelligit,

bonum ac malum,

vel verum, vel apparens.

In the Will,

whereby it chooseth,

and desireth,

or rejecteth, and

misliketh a thing known.

In Voluntate,

quâ eligit,

& concupiscit,

aut rejicit, &

aversatur cognitum.

In the Mind,

whereby it pursueth

the Good chosen or

avoideth the Evil rejected.

In Animo,

quo prosequitur

Bonum electum, vel

fugit Malum rejectum.

Hence is Hope and Fear

in the desire,

and dislike.

Hinc Spes & Timor,

in cupidine,

& aversatione:

Hence is Love and Joy,

in the Fruition:

Hinc Amor & Gaudium,

in fruitione:

But Anger and Grief,

in suffering.

Sed Ira ac Dolor,

in passione.

The true judgment of a

thing is Knowledge;

the false, is Error,

Opinion and Suspicion  .

Vera cognitio

rei, est Scientia;

falsa, Error,

Opinio, Suspicio  .

XLIV.

Deformed and Monstrous People.

Deformes & Monstrosi.

Monstrous and

deformed People are those

which differ in the Body

from the ordinary shape,

as the huge Gyant, 1.

the little Dwarf, 2.

One with two Bodies, 3.

One with two Heads, 4.

and such like Monsters.

Monstrosi, &

deformes sunt

abeuntes corpore

à communi formâ,

ut sunt, immanis Gigas,

nanus (Pumilio), 2.

Bicorpor, 3.

Biceps, 4.

& id genus monstra.

Amongst these are reckoned,

The jolt-headed, 5.

The great nosed, 6.

The blubber-lipped, 7.

The blub-cheeked, 8.

The goggle-eyed, 9.

The wry-necked, 10.

The great-throated, 11.

The Crump-backed, 12.

The Crump-footed, 13.

The steeple-crowned, 15.

add to these

The Bald-pated  , 14.

His accensentur,

Capito, 5.

Naso, 6.

Labeo, 7.

Bucco, 8.

Strabo, 9.

Obstipus, 10.

Strumosus, 11.

Gibbosus, 12.

Loripes, 13.

Cilo, 15.

adde

Calvastrum  , 14.

XLV.

The Dressing of Gardens.

Hortorum cultura.

We have seen Man:

Now let us go on to

Man’s living, and to

Handy-craft-Trades,

which tend to it.

Vidimus hominem:

Jam pergamus ad

Victum hominis, & ad

Artes Mechanicas,

quæ huc faciunt.

The first and most ancient

sustenance, were the

Fruits of the Earth  .

Primus & antiquissimus

Victus, erant

Fruges Terræ  .

Hereupon the first

labour of Adam, was

the dressing of a garden  .

Hinc primus

Labor Adami,

Horti cultura  .

The Gardener, 1.

diggeth in a Garden-plot,

with a Spade, 2.

or Mattock, 3.

and maketh Beds, 4.

and places wherein

to plant Trees, 5.

on which he setteth

Seeds and Plants  .

Hortulanus (Olitor), 1.

fodit in Viridario,

Ligone, 2.

aut Bipalio, 3.

facitque Pulvinos, 4.

ac Plantaria, 5.

quibus inserit

Semina & Plantas  .

The Tree-Gardener, 6.

planteth Trees, 7.

in an Orchard,

and grafteth Cyons, 8.

in Stocks  , 9.

Arborator, 6.

plantat Arbores, 7.

in Pomario,

inseritque Surculos, 8.

Viviradicibus  , 9.

He fenceth his Garden,

either by care,

with a mound, 10.

or a Stone-wall, 11.

or a rail, 12.

or Pales, 13.

or a Hedge, 14.

made of Hedge-stakes,

and bindings  ;

Sepit hortum

vel Cura,

Muro, 10.

aut Macerie, 11.

aut Vacerra, 12.

aut Plancis, 13.

aut Sepe, 14.

flexâ è sudibus

& vitilibus  ;

Or by Nature, with

Brambles and Bryers  , 15.

Vel Natura

Dumis & Vepribus  , 15.

It is beautified

with Walks, 16.

and Galleries  , 17.

Ornatur

Ambulacris, 16.

& Pergulis  , 17.

It is watered

with Fountains, 18.

and a Watering-pot  , 19.

Rigatur

Fontanis, 18.

& Harpagio  , 19.

XLVI.

Husbandry.

Agricultura.

The Plow-man, 1.

yoketh Oxen, 3.

to a Plough, 2.

and holding the Plow-stilt, 4.

in his left hand,

and the Plow-staff, 5.

in his right hand,

with which he removeth

Clods, 6.

he cutteth the Land,

(which was manured afore

with Dung, 8.)

with a Share, 7.

and a Coulter,

and maketh furrows  , 9.

Arator, 1.

jungit Boves, 3.

Aratro, 2.

& tenens Stivam, 4.

lævâ,

Rallum, 5.

dextrâ,

quâ amovet

Glebas, 6.

scindit terram

(stercoratam antea

Fimo, 8.)

Vomere, 7.

et Dentali,

facitque Sulcos  , 9.

Then he soweth

the Seed, 10.

and harroweth it in

with a Harrow  , 11.

Tum seminat

Semen, 10.

& inoccat

Occâ  , 11.

The Reaper, 12.

sheareth the ripe corn

with a Sickle, 13.

gathereth up the handfuls, 14.

and bindeth the Sheaves  , 15.

Messor, 12.

metit fruges maturas

Falce messoris, 13.

colligit Manipulos, 14.

& colligat Mergetes  , 15.

The Thrasher, 16.

thrasheth Corn

on the Barn-floor, 17.

with a Flayl, 18. tosseth

it in a winnowing-basket, 19.

and so when the Chaff,

and the Straw, 20.

are separated from it,

he putteth it into Sacks  , 12.

Tritor, 16.

triturat frumentum

in Area Horrei, 17.

Flagello (tribula), 18.

jactat ventilabro, 19.

atque ita Paleâ

& Stramine, 20.

separatâ,

congerit in Saccos  , 21.

The Mower, 22.

maketh Hay in a Meadow,

cutting down Grass

with a Sithe, 23.

and raketh it together

with a Rake, 24. and

maketh up Cocks, 26.

with a fork, 25, and

carrieth it on Carriages, 27.

into the Hay-barn  , 28.

Fœniseca, 22.

facit Fœnum in Prato,

desecans Gramen

Falce fœnaria, 23.

corraditque

Rastro, 24.

componit Acervos, 26.

Furca, 25. &

convehit Vehibus, 27.

in Fœnile  , 28.

XLVII.

Grasing.

Pecuaria.

Tillage of ground,

and keeping Cattle,

was in old time

the care of Kings and Noble-men;

at this Day only

of the meanest sort of People,

Cultus Agrorum,

& res pecuaria,

antiquissimis temporibus,

erat cura Regum, Heroum;

hodie tantum

infirmæ Plebis,

The Neat-heard, 1.

calleth out the Heards, 2.

out of the Beast-houses, 3.

with a Horn, 4.

and driveth them to feed.

Bubulcus, 1.

evocat Armenta, 2.

è Bovilibus, 3.

Buccina (Cornu), 4,

& ducit pastum.

The Shepherd, 5.

feedeth his Flock, 6.

being furnished with a

Pipe, 7. and a Scrip, 8.

and a Sheep-hook, 9.

having with him

a great Dog, 10.

fenced with a Collar, 11.

against the Wolves  .

Opilio (Pastor), 5.

pascit Gregem, 6.

instructus Fistula, 7.

& Pera, 8.

ut & Pedo, 9.

habens secum

Molossum, 10.

munitum Millo, 11.

contra Lupos.

Swine, 12. are fed

out of a Swine-Trough  .

Sues, 12. saginantur

ex aqualiculo haræ  .

The Farmer’s Wife, 13.

milketh the Udders

of the Cow, 15.

at the Cratch, 15.

over a milk-pale, 16.

and maketh Butter

of Cream

in a Churn, 17.

and Cheeses, 18.

of Curds  .

Villica, 13.

mulget Ubera

vaccæ, 14.

ad Præsepe, 15.

super mulctra, 16.

et facit Butyrum

è flore lactis,

in Vase butyraceo, 17.

et Caseos, 18.

è Coagulo  .

The Wool, 19.

is shorn from Sheep,

whereof several Garments

are made.

Lana, 19.

detondetur Ovibus,

ex quà variæ Vestes

conficiuntur.

XLVIII.

The making of Honey.

Mellificium.

The Bees send out

a swarm, 1. and set over it

a Leader  , 2.

Apes emittunt

Examen, 1. adduntque illi

Ducem   (Regem), 2.

That swarm

being ready to fly away

is recalled by the Tinkling

of a brazen Vessel, 3.

and is put up

into a new Hive  , 4.

Examen illud,

avolaturum,

revocatur tinnitu

Vasis ænei, 3.

& includitur

novo Alveari  , 4.

They make little Cells

with six corners, 5.

and fill them with Honey-dew,

and make Combs, 6.

out of which the Honey

runneth, 7.

Struunt Cellulas

sexangulares, 5.

et complent eas Melligine,

& faciunt Favos, 6.

è quibus Mel

effluit, 7.

The Partitions

being melted by fire,

turn into Wax  , 8.

Crates

liquati igne

abeunt in Ceram  , 8.

XLIX.

Grinding.

Molitura.

In a Mill, 1.

a Stone, 2. runneth

upon a stone, 3.

In Mola,

Lapis, 2. currit

super lapidem, 3,

A Wheel, 4.

turning them about and

grindeth Corn poured in

by a Hopper, 5.

and parteth the Bran, 6.

falling into the Trough, 7.

from the Meal

slipping through a Bolter  , 8.

Rota, 4.

circumagente, et

conterit grana infusa

per Infundibulum, 5.

separatque Furfurem, 6.

decidentem in Cistam, 7.

à Farina (Polline)

elabente per Excussorium  , 8.

Such a Mill was first

a Hand-mill, 9.

then a Horse-mill, 10.

then a Water-mill, 11.

then a Ship-mill, 12.

and at last a Wind-mill  , 13.

Talis Mola primùm fuit

Manuaria, 9.

deinde Jumentaria, 10.

tum Aquatica, 11.

& Navalis, 12.

tandem, Alata   (pneumatica), 13.

L.

Bread-baking.

Panificium.

The Baker, 1.

sifteth the Meal

in a Rindge, 2.

and putteth it into

the Kneading-trough  , 3.

Pistor, 1.

cernit Farinam

Cribo, 2. (pollinario)

& indit Mactræ  , 3.

Then he poureth water to it

and maketh Dough, 4.

and kneadeth it

with a wooden slice  , 5.

Tum affundit aquam,

& facit Massam, 4.

depsitque

spatha  , 5. ligneâ.

Then he maketh

Loaves, 6. Cakes, 7.

Cimnels, 8. Rolls, 9,   &c.

Dein format

Panes, 6. Placentas, 7.

Similas, 8. Spiras  , 9. &c.

Afterwards he setteth them

on a Peel, 10.

and putteth them

thorow the Oven-mouth, 12.

into the Oven  , 11.

Post imponit

Palæ, 10.

& ingerit

Furno, 11.

per Præfurnium  , 12.

But first he pulleth out

the fire and the Coals

with a Coal-rake, 13.

which he layeth on a heap

underneath, 14.

Sed priùs eruit

ignem & Carbones

Rutabulo, 13.

quos congerit

infra, 14.

And thus is Bread baked,

having the Crust without, 15.

and the Crumb   within, 16.

Et sic Panis pinsitur

habens extra Crustam, 15.

intus Micam  , 16.

LI.

Fishing.

Piscatio.

The Fisher-man, 1.

catcheth fish,

either on the Shoar,

with an Hook, 2.

which hangeth by a Line

from the angling-rod,

on which the Bait sticketh;

or with a Cleek-net, 3.

which hangeth on a Pole, 4.

is put into the Water;

or in a Boat, 5.

with a Trammel-net, 6.

or with a Wheel, 7.

which is laid in the Water

by Night.

Piscator, 1.

captat pisces,

sive in littore,

Hamo, 2.

qui pendet filo

ab arundine,

& cui Esca inhæret;

sive Fundâ, 3.

quæ pendens Pertica, 4.

immittitur aquæ;

sive in Cymba, 5.

Reti, 6.

sive Nassa, 7.

quæ demergitur

per Noctem.

LII.

Fowling.

Aucupium.

The Fowler, 1.

maketh a Bed, 2,

spreadeth

a Bird-net, 3.

throweth a Bait, 4. upon it,

and hiding himself in a Hut, 5.

he allureth Birds,

by the chirping of Lurebirds,

which partly

hop upon the Bed, 6.

and are partly shut in Cages, 7.

and thus he entangleth

Birds that fly over,

in his net whilst

they settle themselves down.

Auceps, 1.

exstruit Aream, 2.

superstruit illi

Rete aucupatorium, 3.

obsipat Escam, 4.

& abdens se in Latibulo, 5.

allicit Aves,

cantu Illicum,

qui partim

in Area currunt, 6.

partim inclusi sunt Caveis, 7.

atque ita obruit

transvolantes Aves

Reti, dum

se demittunt:

Or he setteth Snares, 8.

on which they hang and

strangle themselves:

Aut tendit Tendiculas, 8.

quibus suspendunt &

suffocant seipsas:

Or setteth Lime-twigs, 9.

on a Perch, 10.

upon which if they sit

they enwrap their Feathers,

so that they cannot fly away,

and fall down to the ground.

Aut exponit Viscatos calamos, 9.

Amiti, 10.

quibus si insident,

implicant pennas,

ut nequeant avolare,

& decidunt in terram.

Or he catcheth them

with a Pole, 11.

or a Pit-fall  , 12.

Aut captat

Perticâ, 11.

vel Decipulâ  , 12.

LIII.

Hunting.

Venatus.

The Hunter, 1.

hunteth wild Beasts

whilst he besetteth a Wood

with Toyls, 2.

stretched out upon

Shoars  , 3.

Venator, 1.

venatur Feras,

dum cingit Sylvam,

Cassibus, 2.

tentis super

Varos  , 3. (furcillas.)

The Beagle, 4.

tracketh the wild Beast

or findeth him out by the scent;

the Tumbler, or Greyhound, 5.

pursueth it.

Canis sagax, 4.

vestigat Feram,

aut indagat odoratu;

Vertagus, 5.

persequitur.

The Wolf,

falleth in a Pit, 6.

the Stag, 7. as he runneth away,

into Toyls  .

Lupus,

incidit in Foveam, 6.

fugiens Cervus, 7.

in Plagas  .

The Boar, 8.

is struck through

with a Hunting-spear  , 9.

Aper, 8.

transverberatur

Venabulo  , 9.

The Bear, 10.

is bitten by Dogs,

and is knocked

with a Club  , 11.

Ursus, 10.

mordetur à Canibus,

& tunditur

Clavâ  , 11.

If any thing get away,

it escapeth, 12. as here

a Hare and a Fox  .

Si quid effugit,

evadit, 12. ut hic

Lepus & Vulpes  .

LIV.

Butchery.

Lanionia.

The Butcher, 1.

killeth fat Cattle, 2.

(The Lean, 3.

are not fit to eat.)

Lanio, 1.

mactat Pecudem altilem, 2.

(Vescula, 3.

non sunt vescenda.)

He knocketh them down

with an Ax, 4.

or cutteth their Throat.

with a Slaughter-knife, 5.

he flayeth them, 6.

and cutteth them in pieces,

and hangeth out the flesh

to sell in the Shambles  , 7.

Prosternit

Clavâ, 4.

vel jugulat.

Cunaculo, 5.

excoriat (deglubit,) 6.

dissecatque

& exponit carnes,

venum in Macello  , 7.

He dresseth a Swine, 8.

with fire

or scalding water, 9.

and maketh Gamons, 10.

Pistils, 11.

and Flitches  , 12.

Glabrat Suem, 8.

igne,

vel aquâ fervidâ, 9.

& facit Pernas, 10.

Petasones, 11.

& Succidias  , 12.

Besides several Puddings,

Chitterlings, 13.

Bloodings, 14.

Liverings, 15.

Sausages  , 16.

Prætereà Farcimina varia,

Faliscos, 13.

Apexabones, 14.

Tomacula, 15.

Botulos  , (Lucanicas) 16.

The Fat, 17. and

Tallow  , 18. are melted.

Adeps, 17. &

Sebum  , 18. eliquantur.

LV.

Cookery.

Coquinaria.

The Yeoman of the Larder, 1.

bringeth forth Provision, 2.

out of the Larder  , 3.

Promus Condus, 1.

profert Obsonia, 2.

è Penu  , 3.

The Cook, 4. taketh them

and maketh several Meats  .

Coquus, 4. accipit ea

& coquit varia Esculenta  .

He first pulleth off the Feathers

and draweth the Gutts

out of the Birds  , 5.

Prius deplumat,

& exenterat

Aves  , 5.

He scaleth and

splitteth Fish  , 6.

Desquamat &

exdorsuat Pisces  , 6.

He draweth some flesh

with Lard, by means of

a Larding-needle  , 7.

Trajectat quasdem carnes

Lardo, ope

Creacentri  , 7.

He caseth Hares, 8.

then he boileth them in Pots, 9.

and Kettles, 10.

on the Hearth, 11.

and scummeth them

with a Scummer  , 12.

Lepores, 8. exuit,

tum elixat Ollis, 9.

& Cacabis, 10.

in Foco, 11.

& despumat

Lingula  , 12.

He seasoneth things

that are boyled with Spices,

which he poundeth with

a Pestil, 14. in a Morter, 13.

or grateth with a Grater  , 15.

Condit

elixata, Aromatibus,

quæ comminuit

Pistillo, 14. in Mortario, 13.

aut terit Radulâ  , 15.

He roasteth some on Spits, 16.

and with a Jack, 17.

or upon a Grid-iron  , 18.

Quædam assat Verubus, 16.

& Automato, 17.

vel super Craticulum  , 18.

Or fryeth them

in a Frying-pan, 19.

upon a Brand-iron  , 20.

Vel frigit

Sartagine, 19.

super Tripodem  , 20.

Kitchen utensils

besides are,

a Coal-rake, 21.

a Chafing-dish, 22.

a Trey, 23.

(in which Dishes, 24. and

Platters, 25. are washed),

a pair of Tongs, 26.

a Shredding-knife, 27.

a Colander, 28.

a Basket, 29.

and a Besom  , 30.

Vasa Coquinaria

præterea sunt,

Rutabulum, 21.

Foculus (Ignitabulum), 22.

Trua, 23.

(in quà Catini, 24. &

Patinæ, 25. eluuntur)

Forceps, 26.

Culter incisorius, 27.

Qualus, 28.

Corbis, 29.

& Scopa  , 30.

LVI.

The Vintage.

Vindemia.

Wine groweth

in the Vine-yard, 1.

where Vines are propagated

and tyed with Twigs

to Trees, 2.

or to Props, 3.

or Frames  , 4.

Vinum crescit

in Vinea, 1.

ubi Vites propagantur,

& alligantur viminibus

ad Arbores, 2.

vel ad Palos (ridicas), 3.

vel ad Juga  , 4

When the time of

Grape-gathering is come,

they cut off the Bunches,

and carry them in

Measures of three Bushels, 5.

and throw them into a Vat, 6.

and tread them

with their Feet, 7.

or stamp them

with a Wooden-Pestil, 8.

and squeeze out the juice

in a Wine-press, 9.

which is called Must, 11.

and being received

in a great Tub, 10.

it is poured into

Hogsheads, 12.

it is stopped up, 15.

and being laid close in Cellars

upon Settles, 14.

it becometh Wine  .

Cùm tempus

vindemiandi adest,

abscindunt Botros,

& comportant

Trimodiis, 5.

conjiciuntque in Lacum, 6.

calcant

Pedibus, 7.

aut tundunt

Ligneo Pilo, 8.

& exprimunt succum

Torculari, 9.

qui dicitur Mustum, 11.

& exceptum

Orcâ, 10.

infunditur

Vasis (Doliis), 12.

operculatur, 15.

& abditum in Cellis,

super Cantherios, 14.

abit in Vinum  .

It is drawn out of the Hogshead,

with a Cock, 13.

or Faucet, 16.

(in which is a Spigot)

the Vessel being unbunged.

Promitur e Dolio

Siphone, 13.

aut Tubulo, 16.

(in quo est Epistomium)

Vase relito.

LVII.

Brewing.

Zythopœia.

Where Wine is not to be had

they drink Beer,

which is brewed of Malt, 1.

and Hops, 2.

in a Caldron, 3.

afterwards it is poured

into Vats, 4.

and when it is cold,

it is carried in Soes, 5.

into the Cellar, 6.

and is put into Vessels.

Ubi Vinum non habetur,

bibitur Cerevisia (Zythus),

quæ coquitur ex Byne, 1.

& Lupulo, 2.

in Aheno, 3.

post effunditur

in Lacus, 4.

& frigefactum.

defertur Labris, 5.

in Cellaria, 6.

& intunditur vasibus.

Brandy-wine,

extracted by the power of heat

from dregs of Wine

in a Pan, 7.

over which a Limbeck, 8.

is placed,

droppeth through a Pipe, 9.

into a Glass  .

Vinum sublimatum,

extractum vi Caloris

e fecibus Vini

in Aheno, 7.

cui Alembicum, 8.

superimpositum est.

destillat per Tubum, 9.

in Vitrum  .

Wine and Beer

when they turn sowre,

become Vinegar  .

Vinum & Cerevisia,

cum acescunt,

fiunt Acetum  .

Of Wine and Honey

they make Mead  .

Ex Vino & Melle

faciunt Mulsum  .

LVIII.

A Feast.

Convivium.

When a Feast

is made ready,

the table is covered

with a Carpet, 1.

and a Table-cloth, 2.

by the Waiters,

who besides lay

the Trenchers, 3.

Spoons, 4.

Knives, 5.

with little Forks, 6.

Table-napkins, 7.

Bread, 8.

with a Salt-seller  , 9.

Cum Convivium

apparatur,

Mensa sternitur

Tapetibus, 1.

& Mappa, 2.

à Tricliniariis,

qui prætereà opponunt

Discos (Orbes), 3.

Cochlearia, 4.

Cultros, 5.

cum Fuscinulis, 6.

Mappulas, 7.

Panem, 8.

cum Salino  , 9.

Messes are brought

in Platters, 10.

a Pie, 19. on a Plate  .

Fercula inferuntur

in Patinis, 10.

Artocrea, 19. in Lance  .

The Guests being brought in

by the Host, 11.

wash their Hands

out of a Laver, 12.

or Ewer, 14.

over a Hand-basin, 13.

or Bowl, 15.

and wipe them

on a Hand-towel, 16.

then they sit at the Table

on Chairs  , 17.

Convivæ introducti

ab Hospite, 11.

abluunt manus

è Gutturnio, 12.

vel Aquali, 14.

super Malluvium, 13.

aut Pelvim, 15.

terguntque

Mantili, 16.

tum assident Mensæ

per Sedilia  , 17.

The Carver, 18.

breaketh up the good Cheer,

and divideth it.

Structor, 18.

deartuat dapes,

& distribuit.

Sauces are set amongst

Roast-meat  , in Sawcers, 20.

Embammata interponuntur

Assutaris   in Scutellis, 20.

The Butler, 21.

filleth strong Wine

out of a Cruise, 25.

or Wine-pot, 26.

or Flagon, 27.

into Cups, 22.

or Glasses, 23.

which stand

on a Cupboard, 24.

and he reacheth them

to the Master of the Feast, 28.

who drinketh to his Guests  .

Pincerna, 21.

infundit Temetum,

ex Urceo, 25.

vel Cantharo, 26.

vel Lagena, 27.

in Pocula, 22.

vel Vitrea, 23.

quæ extant

in abaco, 24.

& porrigit,

Convivatori, 28.

qui propinat Hospitibus  .

LIX.

The Dressing of Line.

Tractatio Lini.

Line and Hemp

being rated in water,

and dryed again, 1.

are braked

with a wooden Brake, 2.

where the Shives, 3.

fall down,

then they are heckled

with an Iron Heckle, 4.

where the Tow, 5.

is parted from it.

Linum & Cannabis,

macerata aquis,

et siccata rursum, 1.

contunduntur

Frangibulo ligneo, 2.

ubi Cortices, 3.

decidunt

tum carminantur

Carmine ferreo, 4.

ubi Stupa, 5.

separatur.

Flax is tyed to a Distaff, 6.

by the Spinster, 7.

which with her left hand

pulleth out the Thread, 8.

and with her right hand

turneth a Wheel, 9.

or a Spindle, 10.

upon which is a Wharl  , 11.

Linum purum alligatur Colo, 6.

à Netrice, 7.

quæ sinistra

trahit Filum, 8.

dexterâ, 12.

Rhombum (girgillum), 9.

vel Fusum, 10.

in quo Verticillus  , 11.

The Spool receiveth

the Thread, 13.

which is drawn thence

upon a Yarn-windle, 14.

hence either Clews, 15.

are wound up,

or Hanks  , 16. are made.

Volva accipit

Fila, 13.

inde deducuntur

in Alabrum, 14.

hinc vel Glomi, 15.

glomerantur,

vel Fasciculi  , 16. fiunt.

LX.

Weaving.

Textura.

The Webster

undoeth the Clews, 1.

into Warp,

and wrappeth it about

the Beam, 2.

and as he sitteth

in his Loom, 3.

he treadeth upon the Treddles, 4.

with his Feet.

Textor

diducit Glomos, 1.

in Stamen,

& circumvolvit

Jugo, 2.

ac sedens

in Textrino, 3.

calcat Insilia, 4.

pedibus.

He divideth the Warp, 5.

with Yarn.

and throweth the Shuttle, 6. through,

in which is the Woofe,

and striketh it close.

with the Sley, 7.

and so maketh

Linen cloth  , 8.

Diducit Stamen, 5.

Liciis,

& trajicit Radium, 6.

in quo est Trama,

ac densat.

Pectine, 7.

atque ita conficit

Linteum  , 8.

So also the Clothier

maketh Cloth of Wool  .

Sic etiam Pannifex

facit Pannum è Lana  .

LXI.

Linen Cloths.

Lintea.

Linnen-webs

are bleached in the Sun, 1.

with Water poured on them, 2.

till they be white.

Linteamina

insolantur, 1.

aquâ perfusâ, 2.

donec candefiant.

Of them the Sempster, 3.

soweth Shirts, 4.

Handkirchers, 5.

Bands, 6. Caps  , &c.

Ex iis Sartrix, 3.

suit Indusia, 4.

Muccinia, 5.

Collaria, 6. Capitia  , &c.

These if they be fouled,

are washed again

by the Laundress, 7. in water,

or Lye and Sope  .

Haec, si sordidentur

lavantur rursum,

a Lotrice, 7. aquâ,

sive Lixivio ac Sapone  .

LXII.

The Taylor.

Sartor.

The Taylor, 1. cutteth

Cloth, 2. with Shears, 3.

and seweth it together with a Needle

and double thread  ,

Sartor, 1. discindit

Pannum, 2. Forfice, 3.

consuitque Acu

& Filo duplicato  , 4.

Then he presseth the Seams

with a Pressing-iron  , 5.

Posteâ complanat Suturas

Ferramento  , 5.

And thus he maketh

Coats, 6.

with Plaits, 7.

in which the Border, 8. is below

with Laces  , 9.

Sicque conficit

Tunicas, 6.

Plicatas, 7.

in quibus infra est Fimbria, 8.

cum Institis  , 9.

Cloaks, 10.

with a Cape, 11.

and Sleeve Coats  , 12.

Pallia, 10.

cum Patagio, 11.

& Togas Manicatas  , 12.

Doublets, 13.

with Buttons, 14.

and Cuffs  , 15.

Thoraces, 13.

cum Globulis, 14.

& Manicis  , 15.

Breeches, 16.

sometimes with Ribbons  , 17.

Caligas, 16.

aliquando cum Lemniscis  , 17.

Stockins  , 18.

Tibialia  , 18.

Gloves, 19.

Muntero Caps  , 20. &c.

Chirothecas, 19.

Amiculum  , 20. &c.

So the Furrier

maketh Furred Garments

of Furs  .

Sic Pellio

facit Pellicia

è Pellibus  .

LXIII.

The Shoemaker.

Sutor.

The Shoemaker, 1.

maketh Slippers, 7.

Shoes, 8.

(in which is seen

above, the Upper-leather,

beneath the Sole,

and on both sides

the Latchets)

Boots, 9.

and High Shoes, 10.

of Leather, 5.

(which is cut with

a Cutting-knife), 6.

by means of an Awl, 2.

and Lingel, 3.

upon a Last  , 4.

Sutor, 1.

conficit Crepidas (Sandalia,) 7.

Calceos, 8.

(in quibus spectatur

superne Obstragulum,

inferne Solea,

et utrinque

Ansæ)

Ocreas, 9.

et Perones, 10.

e Corio, 5.

(quod discinditur

Scalpro Sutorio, 6.)

ope Subulæ, 2.

et Fili picati, 3.

super Modum  , 4.

LXIV.

The Carpenter.

Faber lignarius.

We have seen Man’s food

and clothing:

now his Dwelling followeth.

Hominis victum

& amictum, vidimus:

sequitur nunc Domicilium ejus.

At first they dwelt

in Caves, 1. then in

Booths or Huts, 2.

and then again in Tents, 3.

at the last in Houses  .

Primò habitabant

in Specubus, 1. deinde in

Tabernaculis vel Tuguriis, 2.

tum etiam in Tentoriis, 3.

demum in Domibus  .

The Woodman

felleth and heweth down

Trees, 5. with an Ax, 4.

the Boughs  , 6. remaining.

Lignator

sternit & truncat

Arbores, 5. Securi, 4.

remanentibus Sarmentis  , 6.

He cleaveth Knotty Wood

with a Wedge, 7.

which he forceth in

with a Beetle, 8.

and maketh Wood-stacks  , 9.

Findit Nodosum,

Lignum Cuneo, 7.

quem adigit

Tudite, 8.

& componit Strues  , 9.

The Carpenter

squareth Timber

with a Chip-Ax, 10.

whence Chips, 11. fall,

and saweth it with a Saw, 12.

where the Saw-dust, 13.

falleth down.

Faber Lignarius

ascit Ascia, 10.

Materiem,

unde Assulæ, 11. cadunt,

& serrat Serrâ, 12.

ubi Scobs, 13.

decidit.

Afterwards he lifteth

the Beam upon Tressels, 14.

by the help of a Pully, 15.

fasteneth it

with Cramp-irons, 16.

and marketh it out

with a Line  , 17.

Post elevat

Tignum super Canterios, 14·

ope Trochleæ, 15.

affigit

Ansis, 16.

& lineat

Amussi  , 17.

Thus he frameth

the Walls together, 18.

and fasteneth the great pieces

with Pins  , 19.

Tum compaginat

Parietes, 18.

& configit trabes

Clavis trabalibus  , 19.

LXV.

The Mason.

Faber Murarius.

The Mason, 1.

layeth a Foundation,

and buildeth Walls  , 2.

Faber Murarius, 1.

ponit Fundamentum,

& struit Muros  , 2.

Either of Stones

which the Stone-digger

getteth out of the Quarry, 3.

and the Stone-cutter, 4.

squareth by a Rule  , 5.

Sive è Lapidibus,

quos Lapidarius

eruit in Lapicidina, 3.

& Latomus, 4.

conquadrat ad Normam  , 5.

Or of Bricks, 6.

which are made

of Sand and Clay

steeped in water,

and are burned in fire.

Sive è Lateribus, 6.

qui formantur,

ex Arena & Luto,

aquâ intritis

& excoquuntur igne.

Afterwards he plaistereth it

with Lime,

by means of a Trowel,

and garnisheth with

a Rough-cast  , 8.

Dein crustat

Calce,

ope Trullæ, 7.

& vestit

Tectorio  , 8.

LXVI.

Engines.

Machinæ.

One can carry

as much by thrusting

a Wheel-barrow, 3.

before him,

(having an Harness, 4.

hanging on his neck,)

as two men

can carry on a Colestaff, 1.

or Hand-barrow  , 2.

Unus potest ferre

tantum trudendo

Pabonem, 3.

ante se,

(Ærumna,

Suspensâ a Collo)

quantum duo

possunt ferre Palangâ,

vel Feretro  , 2.

But he can do more that

rolleth a Weight laid upon

Rollers, 6. with a Leaver  , 5.

Plus autem potest qui

provolvit Molem impositam

Phalangis (Cylindris, 6.)

Vecte  , 5.

A Wind-beam, 7.

is a post, which

is turned by going about it.

Ergata, 7.

est columella, quæ

versatur circumeundo.

A Crane, 8.

hath a Hollow-wheel,

in which one walking

draweth weights out of a Ship,

or letteth them down

into a Ship.

Geranium, 8.

habet Tympanum,

cui inambulans quis

extrahit pondera navi,

aut demittit

in navem.

A Rammer, 9.

is used to fasten

Piles, 10.

it is lifted with a Rope

drawn by Pullies, 11.

or with hands.

if it have handles  , 12.

Fistuca, 9.

adhibetur ad pangendum

Sublicas, 10.

adtollitur Fune

tracto per Trochleas, 11.

vel manibus,

si habet ansas  , 12.

LXVII.

A House.

Domus.

The Porch, 1.

is before the Door

of the House  .

Vestibulum, 1.

est ante Januam

Domûs  .

The Door hath

a Threshold, 2.

and a Lintel, 3.

and Posts  , 4. on both sides.

Janua habet

Limen, 2.

& Superliminare, 3.

& Postes  , 4. utrinque.

The Hinges, 5.

are upon the right hand,

upon which the Doors, 6. hang,

the Latch, 7.

and the Bolt, 8.

are on the left hand.

Cardines, 5.

sunt a dextris,

à quibus pendent Fores, 6.

Claustrum, 7.

aut Pessulus, 8.

a sinistris.

Before the House

is a Fore-court, 9.

with a Pavement

of square stones, 10.

born up with Pillars, 11.

in which is the Chapiter, 12.

and the Base  , 13.

Sub ædibus

est Cavædium, 9.

Pavimento

Tessellato, 10.

fulcitum Columnis, 11.

in quibus Peristylium, 12.

& Basis  , 13.

They go up into the upper

Stories by Greeses, 14.

and Winding-stairs  , 15.

Ascenditur in superiores

contignationes per Scalas, 14.

&   Cochlidia, 15.

The Windows, 16.

appear on the outside,

and the Grates, 17.

the Galleries, 18.

the Watertables, 19.

the Butteresses, 20.

to bear up the walls.

Fenestræ, 16.

apparent extrinsecus,

& Cancelli (clathra), 17.

Pergulæ, 18.

Suggrundia, 19.

& Fulcra, 20.

fulciendis muris.

On the top is the Roof, 21.

covered with Tyles, 22.

or Shingles, 23.

which lie upon Laths, 24.

and these upon Rafters  , 25.

In summo est Tectum, 21.

contectum Imbricibus (tegulis), 22.

vel Scandulis, 23.

quæ incumbunt Tigillis, 24.

hæc Tignis  , 25.

The Eaves, 26.

adhere to the Roof  .

Tecto adhæret

Stillicidium  , 26.

The place without a Roof

is called an open Gallery  , 27.

Locus sine Tecto

dicitur Subdiale  , 27.

In the Roof are

Jettings out, 28.

and Pinnacles  , 29.

In Tecto sunt

Meniana, 28.

& Coronides  , 29.

LXVIII.

A Mine.

Metallifodina.

Miners, 1.

go into the Grave, 2.

by a Stick, 3. or by Ladders, 4.

with Lanthorns, 5.

and dig out with a Pick, 6.

the Oar,

which being put in Baskets, 7.

is drawn out with a Rope, 8.

by means of a Turn, 9.

and is carried

to the Melting-house, 10.

where it is forced with fire,

that the Metal may run out, 12.

the Dross, 11.

is thrown aside.

Metalli fossores, 1.

ingrediuntur Puteum fodinæ, 2.

Bacillo, 3. sive Gradibus, 4.

cum Lucernis, 5.

& effodiunt Ligone, 6.

terram Metallicam,

quæ imposita Corbibus, 7.

extrahitur Fune, 8.

ope Machinæ tractoriæ, 9.

& defertur

in Ustrinam, 10.

ubi urgetur igne,

ut Metallum, 12. profluat

Scoriæ, 11. abjiciuntur

seorsim  .

LXIX.

The Blacksmith.

Faber Ferrarius.

The Blacksmith, 1.

in his Smithy (or Forge), 2.

bloweth the fire

with a pair of Bellows, 3.

which he bloweth

with his Feet, 4.

and so heateth the Iron  :

Faber ferrarius, 1.

in Ustrina (Fabricâ), 2.

inflat ignem

Folle, 3.

quem adtollit

Pede, 4.

atq; ita candefacit Ferrum  :

And then he taketh it out

with the Tongs, 5.

layeth it upon the Anvile, 6.

and striketh it

with an Hammer, 7.

where the sparks  , 8. fly off.

Deinde eximit

Forcipe, 5.

imponit Incudi, 6.

& cudit

Malleo, 7.

ubi Stricturæ  , 8. exiliunt.

And thus are hammer’d out,

Nails, 9.

Horse-shoes, 10.

Cart-strakes, 11.

Chains, 12.

Plates, Locks and Keys,

Hinges  , &c.

Et sic excuduntur,

Clavi, 9.

Solea, 10.

Canthi, 11.

Catenæ, 12.

Laminæ, Seræ cum Clavibus,

Cardines  , &c.

He quencheth hot Irons

in a Cool-trough  .

Restinguit cadentia,

Ferramenta in Lacu  .

LXX.

The Box-maker and the Turner.

Scrinarius & Tornator.

The Box-maker, 1.

smootheth hewen Boards, 2.

with a Plain, 3.

upon a work-board, 4.

he maketh them very smooth

with a little-plain, 5.

he boreth them thorow

with an Augre, 6.

carveth them

with a Knife, 7.

fasteneth them together

with Glew and Cramp-Irons, 8.

and maketh Tables, 9.

Boards, 10.

Chests  , 11. &c.

Arcularius, 1.

edolat Asseres, 2.

Runcina, 3.

in Tabula, 4.

deplanat

Planula, 5.

perforat (terebrat)

Terebra, 6.

sculpit

Cultro, 7.

combinat

Glutine & Subscudibus, 8.

& facit Tabulas, 9.

Mensas, 10.

Arcus   (Cistas), 11. &c.

The Turner, 12.

sitting over the Treddle, 13.

turneth with a Throw, 15.

upon a Turner’s Bench, 14.

Bowls, 16. Tops, 17,

Puppets, 18. and

such like Turners Work  .

Tornio, 12.

sedens in Insili, 13.

tornat Torno, 15.

super Scamno Tornatorio, 14.

Globos, 16. Conos, 17.

Icunculas, 18. &

similia Toreumata  .

LXXI.

The Potter.

Figulus.

The Potter, 1.

sitting over a Wheel, 2.

maketh Pots, 4.

Pitchers, 5.

Pipkins, 6.

Platters, 7.

Pudding-pans, 8.

Juggs, 9.

Lids, 10. &c.

of Potter’s Clay, 3.

afterwards he baketh them

in an Oven, 11.

and glazeth them

with White Lead  .

Figulus, 1.

sedens super Rota, 2.

format Ollas, 4.

Urceos, 5.

Tripodes, 6.

Patinas, 7.

Vasa testacea, 8.

Fidelias, 9.

Opercula, 10. &c.

ex Argillâ, 3.

postea excoquit

in Furno, 11.

& incrustat

Lithargyro  .

A broken Pot affordeth

Pot-sheards  , 1

Fracta Olla dat

Testas  , 12.

LXXII.

The Parts of a House.

Partes Domus.

A House is divided

into inner Rooms,

such as are the Entry, 1.

the Stove, 2.

the Kitchen, 3.

the Buttery, 4.

the Dining Room, 5.

the Gallery, 6.

the Bed Chamber, 7.

with a Privy, 8.

made by it.

Domus distinguitur

in Conclavia,

ut sunt Atrium, 1.

Hypocaustum, 2.

Culina, 3.

Cella Penuaria, 4.

Cœnaculum, 5.

Camera, 6.

Cubiculum, 7.

cum Secessu (Latrina), 8.

adstructo.

Baskets, 9.

are of use for

carrying things.

and Chests, 10. (which are

made fast with a Key, 11.)

for keeping them.

Corbes, 9.

inserviunt

rebus transferendis,

Arcæ, 10. (quæ

Clavâ, 11. recluduntur)

adservandis   illis.

Under the Roof,

is the Floor  , 12.

Sub Tecto,

est Solum   (Pavimentum), 12.

In the Yard, 13.

is a Well, 14.

a Stable, 15.

and a Bath  , 16.

In Area, 13.

Puteus, 14.

Stabulum, 15.

cum Balneo  , 16.

Under the House

is the Cellar  , 17.

Sub Domo

est Cella  , 17.

LXXIII.

The Stove with the Bed-room.

Hypocaustum cum Dormitorio.

The Stove, 1.

is beautified

with an Arched Roof, 2.

and wainscoted Walls  , 3.

Hypocaustum, 1.

ornatur

Laqueari, 2.

& tabulatis Parietibus  , 3.

It is enlightened

with Windows  , 4.

Illuminatur

Fenestris  , 4.

It is heated

with an Oven  , 5.

Calefit

Fornace  , 5.

Its Utensils are

Benches, 6.

Stools, 7.

Tables, 8.

with Tressels, 9.

Footstools, 10.

and Cushions  , 11.

Ejus Utensilia sunt

Scamna, 6.

Sellæ, 7.

Mensæ, 8.

cum Fulcris, 9.

ac Scabellis, 10.

& Culcitris  , 11.

There are also Tapestries

hanged, 12.

Appenduntur etiam

Tapetes  , 12.

For soft lodging

in a Sleeping-room, 13.

there is a Bed, 14.

spread on a Bed-sted, 15.

upon a Straw-pad, 16.

with Sheets, 17.

and Cover-lids  , 18.

Pro levi cubatu,

in Dormitorio, 13.

est Lectus, (Cubile) 14.

stratus in Sponda, 15.

super Stramentum, 16.

cum Lodicibus, 17.

& Stragulis  , 18.

The Bolster, 19.

is under ones head.

Cervical, 19.

est sub capite.

The Bed is covered

with a Canopy  , 20.

Canopeo, 20.

Lectus   tegitur.

A Chamber-pot, 21.

is for making water in.

Matula, 21.

est vesicæ levandæ.

LXXIV.

Wells.

Putei.

Where Springs are wanting,

Wells, 1. are digged.

and they are compassed about

with a Brandrith, 2.

lest any one fall in.

Ubi Fontes deficiunt,

Putei, 1. effodiuntur,

& circumdantur

Crepidine, 2.

ne quis incidat.

Thence is water drawn

with Buckets, 3.

hanging either at a Pole, 4.

or a Rope, 5.

or a Chain, 6.

and that either by a Swipe, 7.

or a Windle, 8.

or a Turn, 9.

with a Handle

or a Wheel, 10.

or to conclude,

by a Pump  , 11.

Inde aqua hauritur

Urnis (situlis), 3.

pendentibus vel Pertica, 4.

vel Fune, 5.

vel Catena, 6.

idque aut Tollenone, 7.

aut Girgillo, 8.

aut Cylindro, 9.

Manubriato.

aut Rota (tympano), 10.

aut denique

Antliâ  , 11.

LXXV.

The Bath.

Balneum.

He that desireth to be wash’d

in cold water,

goeth down into a River  , 1.

Qui cupit lavari

aquâ frigidâ,

descendit in Fluvium  , 1.

In a Bathing-house, 2.

we wash off the filth

either sitting in a Tub, 3.

or going up

into the Hot-house, 4.

and we are rubbed

with a Pumice-stone, 6.

or a Hair-cloth  , 5.

In Balneario, 2.

abluimus squalores,

sive sedentes in Labro, 3.

sive conscendentes

in Sudatorium, 4.

& defricamur

Pumice, 6.

aut Cilicio  , 5.

In the Stripping-room, 7.

we put off our clothes,

and are tyed about

with an Apron  , 8.

In Apodyterio, 7.

exuimus Vestes,

& præcingimur

Castula   (Subligari), 8.

We cover our Head

with a Cap, 9.

and put our feet

into a Bason  , 10.

Tegimus caput

Pileolo, 9.

& imponimus pedes

Telluvio  , 10.

The Bath-woman, 11.

reacheth water in a Bucket, 12.

drawn out of the Trough, 13.

into which it runneth

out of Pipes  , 14.

Balneatrix, 11.

ministrat aquam Situla, 12.

haustam ex Alveo, 13.

in quem defluit

è Canalibus  , 14.

The Bath-keeper, 15.

lanceth with a Lancet, 16.

and by applying

Cupping-glasses, 17.

he draweth the Blood

betwixt the skin and the flesh,

which he wipeth away

with a Spunge  , 18.

Balneator, 15.

scarificat Scalpro, 16.

& applicando

Cucurbitas, 17.

extrahit Sanguinem

subcutaneum,

quem abstergit

Spongiâ  , 18.

LXXVI.

The Barbers Shop.

Tonstrina.

The Barber, 1.

in the Barbers-shop, 2.

cutteth off the Hair

and the Beard

with a pair of Sizzars, 3.

or shaveth with a Razor,

which he taketh

out of his Case  , 4.

Tonsor, 1.

in Tonstrina, 2.

tondet Crines

& Barbam

Forcipe, 3.

vel radit Novaculâ,

quam depromit

è Theca  , 4.

And he washeth one

over a Bason, 5.

with Suds running

out of a Laver, 6.

and also with Sope, 7.

and wipeth him

with a Towel, 8.

combeth him with a Comb, 9.

and curleth him

with a Crisping Iron  , 10.

Et lavat

super Pelvim, 5.

Lixivio defluente

è Gulturnio, 6.

ut & Sapone, 7.

& tergit

Linteo, 8.

pectit Pectine, 9.

crispat

Calamistro  , 10.

Sometimes he cutteth a Vein

with a Pen-knife, 11.

where the Blood

spirteth out, 12.

Interdum secat Venam

Scalpello, 11.

ubi Sanguis

propullulat, 12.

The Chirurgeon cureth

Wounds  .

Chirurgus curat

Vulnera  .

LXXVII.

The Stable.

Equile.

The Horse-keeper, 1.

cleaneth the Stable

from Dung  , 2.

Stabularius (Equiso), 1.

purgat Stabulum

a Fimo  , 2.

He tyeth a Horse, 3.

with a Halter, 4.

to the Manger, 5.

or if he apt to bite,

he maketh him fast

with a Muzzle  , 6.

Alligat Equum, 3.

Capistro, 4.

ad Præsepe, 5.

aut si mordax

constringit

Fiscella  , 6.

Then he streweth Litter, 7.

under him.

Deinde substernit

Stramenta  , 7.

He winnoweth Oats

with a Van, 8.

(being mixt with Chaff,

and taken out

of a Chest, 10.)

and with them feedeth the Horse,

as also with Hay  , 9.

Ventilat Avenam,

Vanno, 8.

(Paleis mixtam,

ac depromptam

à Cista Pabulatoria, 10.)

eâque pascit equum,

ut & Fœno  , 9.

Afterwards he leadeth him

to the Watering-trough, 11.

to water.

Postea ducit

ad Aquarium, 11.

aquatum.

Then he rubbeth him

with a Cloth, 12.

combeth him

with a Curry-comb, 15.

covereth him

with an Housing-cloth, 14.

and looketh upon his Hoofs

whether the Shoes, 13.

be fast with the Nails  .

Tum detergit

Panno, 12.

depectit

Strigili, 15.

insternit

Gausape, 14.

& inspicit Soleas,

an Calcei ferrei, 13.

firmis Clavis   hæreant.

LXXVIII.

Dials.

Horologia.

A Dial

measureth Hours.

Horologium

dimetitur Horas.

A Sun-dial, 1.

sheweth by the shadow

of the Pin, 2.

what a Clock it is;

either on a Wall,

or a Compass, 3,

Solarium, 1.

ostendit umbrâ

Gnomonis, 2.

quota sit Hora;

sive in Pariete,

sive in Pyxide Magnetica  , 3.

An Hour-glass, 4.

sheweth the four parts of an hour

by the running of Sand,

heretofore of water.

Clepsydra, 4.

ostendit partes horæ quatuor,

fluxu Arenæ,

olim aquæ.

A Clock, 5.

numbereth also

the Hours of the Night,

by the turning of the Wheels,

the greatest whereof

is drawn by a Weight, 6.

and draweth the rest.

Automaton, 5.

numerat etiam

Nocturnas Horas,

circulatione Rotarum,

quarum maxima

trahitur à Pondere, 6.

& trahit cæteras.

Then either the Bell, 7.

by its sound, being struck on

by the Hammer,

or the Hand, 8. without,

by its motion about

sheweth the hour.

Tum vel Campana, 7.

sonitu suo, percussâ

a Malleolo,

vel Index extra

Circuitione sua

indicat horam.

LXXIX.

The Picture.

Pictura.

Pictures, 1.

delight the Eyes

and adorn Rooms.

Picturæ, 1.

oblectant Oculos

& ornant Conclavia.

The Painter, 2.

painteth an Image

with a Pencil, 3.

in a Table, 4.

upon a Case-frame, 5.

holding his Pollet, 6.

in his left hand,

on which are the Paints

which were ground

by the Boy, 7. on a Marble  .

Pictor, 2.

pingit Effigiem

Penicilio, 3.

in Tabula, 4.

super Pluteo, 5.

tenens Orbem Pictorium, 6.

in sinistra,

in quo Pigmenta

quæ terebantur

à puero, 7. in marmore  .

The Carver

and Statuary

carve Statues, 8.

of Wood and Stone.

Sculptor,

& Statuarius

exsculpunt Statuas, 8.

è Ligno & Lapide.

The Graver

and the Cutter

grave Shapes, 10.

and Characters

with a Graving Chesil, 9.

in Wood, Brass,

and other Metals.

Cœlator

& Scalptor

insculpit Figuras, 10.

& Characteres,

Cœlo, 9.

Ligno, Æri,

aliisque Metallis.

LXXX.

Looking-glasses.

Specularia.

Looking-glasses, 1.

are provided that Men

may see themselves.

Specularia, 1.

parantur, ut homines

intueantur seipsos.

Spectacles, 2.

that he may see better,

who hath a weak sight.

Perspicilla, 2.

ut cernat acius

qui habet visum debilem.

Things afar off are seen

in a Perspective Glass, 3.

as things near at hand.

Remota videntur

per telescopium, 3.

ut proxima.

A Flea appeareth

in a muliplying-glass, 4.

like a little hog.

Pulex, 4.

in Microscopio apparet

ut porcellus.

The Rays of the Sun,

burn wood

through a Burning-glass  , 5.

Radii Solis

accendunt ligna

per Vitrum urens  , 5.

LXXXI.

The Cooper.

Vietor.

The Cooper, 1.

having an Apron, 2,

tied about him,

maketh Hoops

of Hazel-rods, 3.

upon a cutting-block, 4.

with a Spoke-Shave, 5.

and Lags, 6. of Timber  ,

Vietor, 1.

amictus

Præcinctorio, 2.

facit Circulos,

è Virgis Colurnis, 3.

super Sellam incisoriam, 4.

Scalpro bimanubriato, 5.

& Assulas, 6. ex Ligno  .

Of Lags he maketh

Hogsheads, 7. and Pipes, 8.

with two Heads;

and Tubs, 9.

Soes, 10.

Flaskets, 11.

Buckets, 12.

with one Bottom.

Ex Assulis conficit

Dolia, 7. & Cupas, 8.

Fundo bino;

tum Lacus, 9.

Labra, 10.

Pitynas [Trimodia], 11.

& Situlas, 12.

fundo uno.

Then he bindeth them

with Hoops, 13.

which he tyeth fast

with small Twigs, 15.

by means of a Cramp-iron, 14.

and he fitteth them on

with a Mallet, 16.

and a Driver  , 17.

Postea vincit

Circulis, 13.

quos ligat

Viminibus, 15.

ope Falcis vietoriæ, 14.

& aptat

Tudite, 16.

ac Tudicula  , 17.

LXXXII.

The Roper, and the Cordwainer.

Restio, & Lorarius.

The Roper, 1.

twisteth Cords, 2.

of Tow, or Hemp, 4.

(which he wrappeth about

himself)

by the turning of a Wheel  , 3.

Restio, 1.

contorquet Funes, 2.

è Stupa, 4. vel Cannabi,

quam circumdat

sibi

agitatione Rotulæ  , 3.

Thus are made

first Cords, 5.

then Ropes, 6.

and at last, Cables  , 7.

Sic fiunt,

primò Funiculi, 5.

tum Restes, 6.

tandem Rudentes  , 7.

The Cord-wainer, 8.

cutteth great Thongs, 10.

Bridles, 11.

Girdles, 12.

Sword-belts, 13.

Pouches, 14.

Port-mantles, 15. &c.

out of a Beast-hide  , 9.

Lorarius, 8.

scindit Loramenta, 10.

Fræna, 11.

Cingula, 12.

Baltheos, 13.

Crumenas, 14.

Hippoperas, 15., &c.

de corio bubulo  , 9.

LXXXIII.

The Traveller.

Viator.

A Traveller, 1.

beareth on his shoulders

in a Budget, 2.

those things

which his Satchel, 3.

or Pouch  , 4. cannot hold.

Viator, 1.

portat humeris

in Bulga, 2.

quæ non capit

Funda, 3.

vel Marsupium  , 4.

He is covered

with a Cloak  , 5.

Tegitur

Lacernâ  , 5.

He holdeth a Staff, 6.

in his hand wherewith

to bear up himself.

Tenet Baculum, 6.

Manu quo

se fulciat.

He hath need of

Provision for the way,

as also of a pleasant and

merry Companion  , 7.

Opus habet

Viatico,

ut & fido &

facundo Comite  , 7.

Let him not forsake

the High-road, 9.

for a Foot-way, 8.

unless it be a beaten Path  .

Non deserat

Viam regiam

propter Semitam, 8.

nisi sit Callis tritus  .

By-ways, 10.

and places where two ways meet, 11.

deceive and lead men aside

into uneven-places, 12.

so do not By-paths, 13.

and Cross-ways  , 14.

Avia, 10.

& Bivia, 11.

fallunt & seducunt,

in Salebras, 12.

non æquè Tramites, 13.

& Compita, 14,

Let him therefore enquire

of those he meeteth, 15.

which way he must go;

and let him take heed

of Robbers, 16.

as in the way, so also

in the Inn, 17.

where he lodgeth all Night.

Sciscitet igitur

obvios, 15.

quà sit eundum;

& caveat

Prædones, 16.

ut in viâ, sic etiam

in Diversorio, 17.

ubi pernoctat.

LXXXIV.

The Horse-man.

Eques.

The Horse-man, 1.

setteth a Saddle, 2.

on his Horse, 3.

and girdeth it on

with a Girth  , 4.

Eques, 1.

imponit Equo, 2.

Ephippium, 3.

idque succingit

Cingulo  , 4.

He layeth a Saddle-cloth, 5.

also upon him.

Insternit etiam

Dorsuale  , 5.

He decketh him with

Trappings, a Fore-stall, 6.

a Breast-cloth, 7.

and a Crupper  , 8.

Ornat eum

Phaleris, Frontali, 6.

Antilena, 7.

& Postilena, 8,

Then he getteth upon

his Horse, putteth his feet

into the Stirrops, 9.

taketh

the Bridle-rein, 10. 11.

in his left hand,

wherewith he guideth

and holdeth the Horse.

Deinde insilit in

Equum, indit pedes

Stapedibus, 9.

capessit Lorum

(habenam), 10. Freni, 11.

sinistrâ

quo flectit,

& retinet Equum.

Then he putteth to

his Spurs, 12.

and setteth him on

with a Switch, 13.

and holdeth him in

with a Musrol  , 14.

Tum admovet

Calcaria, 12.

incitatque

Virgula, 13.

& coërcet

Postomide  , 14.

The Holsters, 15.

hang down from the Pummel

of the Saddle, 16.

in which the Pistols, 17.

are put.

Bulgæ, 15.

pendent ex Apice

Ephippii, 16.

quibus Sclopi, 17.

inseruntur.

The Rider is clad in

a short Coat, 18.

his Cloak being tyed

behind him, 19.

Ipse Eques induitur

Chlamyde, 18.

Lacernâ revinctâ, 19.

à tergo.

A Post, 20.

is carried on Horseback

at full Gallop.

Veredarius, 20.

fertur Equo

cursim.

LXXXV.

Carriages.

Vehicula.

We are carried on a Sled, 1.

over Snow and Ice.

Vehimur Trahâ, 1.

super Nivibus & Glacie.

A Carriage with one Wheel,

is called a Wheelbarrow, 2.

with two Wheels, a Cart, 3.

with four Wheels, a Wagon,

which is either

a Timber-wagon, 4.

or a Load-wagon  , 5.

Vehiculum unirotum,

dicitur Pabo, 2.

birotum, Carrus, 3.

quadrirotum, Currus,

qui vel

Sarracum, 4.

vel Plaustrum  , 5.

The parts of the Wagon are,

the Neep (or draught-tree), 6.

the Beam, 7.

the Bottom, 8.

and the Sides  , 9.

Partes Currûs sunt,

Temo, 6.

Jugum, 7.

Compages, 8.

Spondæ  , 9.

Then the Axle-trees, 10.

about which the Wheels run,

the Lin-pins, 11.

and Axletree-staves, 12.

being fastened before them.

Tum Axes, 10.

circa quos Rotæ currunt,

Paxillis, 11.

& Obicibus, 12.

præfixis.

The Nave, 13. is

the groundfast of the Wheel, 14.

from which come

twelve Spokes  , 15.

Modiolus, 13. est

Basis Rotæ, 14.

ex quo prodeunt

duodecim Radii  , 15.

The Ring encompasseth

these, which is made

of six Felloes, 16.

and as many Strakes, 17.

Hampiers and Hurdles, 18,

are set in a Wagon.

Orbile ambit

hos, compositum

è sex Absidibus, 16.

& totidem Canthis, 17.

Corbes & Crates, 18.

imponuntur Currui.

LXXXVI.

Carrying to and fro.

Vectura.

The Coach-man, 1.

joineth a Horse fit to match

a Saddle-horse, 2, 3.

to the Coach-tree,

with Thongs or Chains, 5.

hanging down from

the Collar  , 4.

Auriga, 1.

jungit Parippum, 2.

Sellario, 3.

ad Temonem,

Loris vel Catenis, 5.

dependentibus de

Helcio  , 4.

Then he sitteth upon

the Saddle-horse,

and driveth them that go

before him, 6.

with a Whip, 7.

and guideth them

with a String, 8

Deinde insidet

Sellario,

agit ante se

antecessores, 6.

Scuticâ, 7.

& flectit

Funibus  , 8.

He greaseth the Axle-tree

with Axle-tree grease

out of a Grease-pot, 9.

and stoppeth the wheel

with a Trigen, 10.

in a steep descent.

Ungit Axem

Axungiâ,

ex vase unguentorio, 9.

& inhibet rotam

Sufflamine, 10.

in præcipiti descensu.

And thus the Coach is driven

along the Wheel-ruts  , 11.

Et sic aurigatur

per Orbitas  , 11.

Great Persons are carryed

with six Horses, 12.

by two Coachmen,

in a Hanging-wagon,

which is called

a Coach  , 13.

Magnates vehuntur

Sejugibus, 12.

duobus Rhedariis,

Curru pensili,

qui vocatur

Carpentum   (Pilentum), 13.

Others with two Horses, 14.

in a Chariot  , 15.

Alii Bijugibus, 14.

Essedo  , 15.

Horse Litters, 16, 17.

are carried by two Horses.

Arceræ, 16. & Lacticæ, 17.

portantur à duobus Equis.

They use

Pack-Horses,

instead of Waggons,

thorow Hills

that are not passable, 18.

Utuntur

Jumentis Clitellariis,

loco Curruum,

per montes

invios, 18.

LXXXVII.

Passing over Waters.

Transitus Aquarum.

Lest he that is to pass

over a River should be wet,

Bridges, 1.

were invented for Carriages,

and Foot-bridges, 2.

for Foot-men.

Trajecturus

flumen ne madefiat,

Pontes, 1.

excogitati sunt pro Vehiculis

& Ponticuli, 2.

pro Peditibus.

If a river

have a Foord, 3.

it is waded over  , 4.

Si Flumen

habet Vadum, 3.

vadatur  , 4.

Flotes, 5. also are made

of Timber pinned together;

or Ferry-boats, 6.

of planks laid close together

for fear they should

receive Water.

Rates, 5. etiam struuntur

ex compactis tignis:

vel Pontones, 6.

ex trabibus consolidatis,

ne excipiant aquam.

Besides Scullers, 7.

are made, which

are rowed with an Oar, 8.

or Pole, 9.

or haled with

an Haling-rope  , 10.

Porrò Lintres (Lembi), 7.

fabricantur, qui

aguntur Remo, 8.

vel Conto, 9.

aut trahuntur

Remulco  , 10.

LXXXVIII.

Swimming.

Natatus.

Men are wont also

to swim over Waters

upon a bundle of flags, 1.

and besides upon blown

Beast-bladders, 2.

and after, by throwing

their Hands and Feet, 3.

abroad.

Solent etiam

tranare aquas

super scirpeum fascem, 1.

porrò super inflatas

boum Vesicas, 2.

deinde liberè jactatu

Manuum Pedumque  , 3.

And at last they learned

to tread the water, 4.

being plunged

up to the girdle-stead,

and carrying

their Cloaths upon their head.

Tandem didicerunt

calcare aquam, 4.

immersi

cingulo tenus

& gestantes

Vestes supra caput.

A Diver, 5.

can swim also under

the water like a Fish.

Urinator, 5.

etiam natare potest sub

aquâ, ut Piscis.

LXXXIX.

A Galley.

Navis actuaria.

A Ship furnished

with Oars, 1.

is a Barge, 2.

or a Foyst, &c.

in which the Rowers, 3.

sitting on Seats, 4.

by the Oar-rings,

row, by striking the water

with the Oars  , 5.

Navìs instructa

Remis, 1.

est Uniremis, 2.

vel Biremis, &c.

in quâ Remiges, 3.

considentes pre Transtra, 4.

ad Scalmos,

remigant pellendo aquam

Remis  ,

The Ship-master, 6.

standing in the Fore-castle,

and the Steers-man, 7.

sitting at the Stern,

and holding the Rudder, 8.

steer the Vessel  .

Proreta, 6.

stans in Prora,

& Gubernator, 7.

sedens in Puppi,

tenensque Clavum, 8.

gubernant Navigium  .

XC.

A Merchant-ship.

Navis oneraria.

A Ship, 1.

is driven onward

not by Oars, but by the only

force of the Winds.

Navigium, 1.

impellitur,

non remis, sed solâ

vi Ventorum.

In it is a Mast, 2. set up,

fastened with Shrowds, 3.

on all sides to

the main-chains.

to which the Sail-yards, 4.

are tied,

and the Sails, 5. to these,

which are spread open, 6.

to the wind,

and are hoysed by Bowlings  , 7.

In illo Malus, 2. erigitur,

firmatus Funibus, 3.

undique ad

Oras Navis,

cui annectuntur

Antennæ, 4.

his, Vela, 5.

quæ expanduntur, 6.

ad Ventum

& Versoriis  , 7. versantur.

The Sails are

the Main-sail, 8.

the Trinket, or Fore-sail, 9.

the Misen-sail or Poop-sail  , 10.

Vela sunt

Artemon, 8.

Dolon, 9.

& Epidromus  , 10.

The Beak, 11.

is in the Fore-deck  .

Rostrum, 11.

est in Prora  .

The Ancient, 12.

is placed in the Stern  .

Signum (vexillum), 12.

ponitur in Puppi  .

On the Mast

is the Foretop, 13.

the Watch-tower of the Ship

and over the Fore-top

a Vane, 14.

to shew which way

the Wind standeth.

In Malo

est Corbis, 13.

Specula Navis

& supra Galeam

Aplustre, 14.

Ventorum Index.

The ship is stayed

with an Anchor  , 15.

Navis sistitur

Anchorâ  , 15.

The depth is fathomed

with a Plummet  , 16.

Profunditas exploratur

Bolide  , 16.

Passengers walk up and down

the Decks  , 17.

Navigantes deambulant

in Tabulato  , 17.

The Sea men run to and fro

through the Hatches  , 18.

Nautæ cursitant

per Foros  , 18.

And thus, even Seas

are passed over.

Atque ita, etiam Maria

trajiciuntur.

XCI.

Ship-wreck.

Naufragium.

When a Storm, 1.

ariseth on a sudden,

they strike Sail, 2.

lest the Ship should be

dashed against Rocks, 3 or

light upon Shelves  , 4.

Cum Procella, 1.

oritur repentè

contrahunt Vela, 2.

ne Navis

ad Scopulos, 3. allidatur, aut

incidat in Brevia   (Syrtes), 4.

If they cannot hinder her

they suffer Ship-wreck  , 5.

Si non possunt prohibere

patiuntur Naufragium  , 5.

And then the men,

the Wares, and all things

are miserably lost.

Tum Homines,

Merces, omnia

miserabiliter pereunt.

Nor doth the Sheat-anchor, 6.

being cast with a Cable,

do any good.

Neque hic Sacra anchora, 6.

Rudenti

jacta quidquam adjuvat.

Some escape,

either on a Plank, 7.

and by swimming,

or in the Boat  , 8.

Quidam evadunt,

vel tabula, 7.

ac enatando,

vel Scapha  , 8.

Part of the Wares,

with the dead folks,

is carried out of the Sea, 9.

upon   the Shoars.

Pars Mercium

cum mortuis

a Mari, 9.

in littora defertur.

XCII.

Writing.

Ars Scriptoria.

The Ancients writ

in Tables done over with wax

with a brazen Poitrel, 1.

with the sharp end, 2. whereof

letters were engraven

and rubbed out again

with the broad end  , 3.

Veteres scribebant

in Tabellis ceratis

æneo Stilo, 1.

cujus parte cuspidata, 2.

exarabantur literæ,

rursum vero obliterabantur

planâ  .

Afterwards

they writ Letters

with a small Reed  , 4.

Deinde

Literas pingebant

subtili Calamo  , 4.

We use a Goose-quill, 5.

the Stem, 6. of which

we make

with a Pen-knife, 7.

then we dip the Neb

in an Ink-horn, 8.

which is stopped

with a Stopple, 9.

and we put our Pens,

into a Pennar  , 10.

Nos utimur Anserina Penna, 5.

cujus Caulem, 6.

temperamus

Scalpello, 7.

tum intingimus Crenam

in Atramentario, 8.

quod obstruitur

Operculo, 9.

& Pennas

recondimus in Calamario  , 10.

We dry a Writing

with Blotting-paper,

or Calis-sand

out of a Sand-box  , 11.

Siccamus Scripturam

Chartâ bibulâ,

vel Arenâ scriptoria,

ex Theca Pulveraria  , 11.

And we indeed

write from the left hand

towards the right, 12.

the Hebrews

from the right hand

towards the left, 13.

the Chinese and other Indians,

from the top

downwards, 14.

Et nos quidem

scribimus â sinistra

dextrorsum, 12.

Hebræi

â dextrâ

sinistrorsum, 13.

Chinenses & Indi alii,

â summo

deorsum, 14.

XCIII.

Paper.

Papyrus.

The Ancients used

Beech-Boards, 1.

or Leaves, 2.

as also Barks, 3. of Trees;

especially of an Egyptian Shrub,

which was called Papyrus  .

Veteres utebantur

Tabulis Faginis, 1.

aut Foliis, 2.

ut & Libris, 3. Arborum;

præsertim Arbusculæ Ægyptiæ,

cui nomen erat Papyrus  .

Now Paper is in use

which the Paper-maker

maketh in a Paper-mill, 4.

of Linen rags, 5.

stamped to Mash, 6.

which being taken up

in Frames, 7.

he spreadeth into Sheets, 8.

and setteth them in the Air

that they may be dryed.

Nunc Charta est in usu,

quam Chattopœus

in mola Papyracea, 4. conficit

è Linteis vetustis, 5.

in Pulmentum contusis, 6.

quod haustum

Normulis, 7.

diducit in Plagulas, 8.

exponitque aëri,

ut siccentur.

Twenty-five of these

make a Quire, 9.

twenty Quires a Ream, 10.

and ten of these

a Bale of Paper  , 11.

Harum XXV.

faciunt Scapum, 9.

XX. Scapi Volumen minus, 10.

horum X.

Volumen majus  , 11.

That which is to last long

is written on

Parchment  , 12.

Duraturum diu

scribitur in

Membrana  , 12.

XCIV.

Printing.

Typographia.

The Printer hath

metal Letters

in a large number

put into Boxes  , 5.

Typographus habet

Typos Metallos,

magno numero

distributos per Loculamenta  , 5.

The Compositor, 1.

taketh them out one by one

and according to the Copy,

(which he hath fastened

before him in a Visorum, 2.)

composeth words

in a Composing-stick, 3.

till a Line be made;

he putteth these in a Gally, 4.

till a Page, 6. be made,

and these again

in a Form, 7.

and he locketh them up

in Iron Chases, 8.

with Coyns, 9.

lest they should drop out,

and putteth them under

the Press  , 10.

Typotheta, 1.

eximit illos singulatim,

& secundum exemplar,

(quod habet præfixum

sibi Retinaculo, 2.)

componit Verba

Gnomone, 3.

donec versus fiat;

hos indit Formæ, 4.

donec Pagina, 6. fiat;

has iterum

Tabulâ compositoriâ, 7.

coarctaque eos

Marginibus ferreis, 8.

ope Cochlearum, 9.

ne dilabantur,

ac subjicit

Prelo  , 10.

Then the Press-man

beateth it over

with Printers Ink,

by means of Balls, 11.

spreadeth upon it the Papers

put in the Frisket, 12.

which being put under

the Spindle, 14.

on the Coffin, 13.

and pressed down with

a Bar, 15. he maketh

to take impression.

Tum Impressor

illinit

Atramento impressorio

ope Pilarum, 11.

super imponit Chartas

inditas Operculo, 12.

quas subditas

Trochleæ, 14.

in Tigello, 13.

& impressas

Suculâ, 15. facit

imbibere typos.

XCV.

The Booksellers Shop.

Bibliopolium.

The Bookseller, 1

selleth Books

in a Booksellers Shop, 2.

of which he writeth

a Catalogue  , 3.

Bibliopola, 1.

vendit Libros

in Bibliopolio, 2.

quorum conscribit

Catalogum  , 3.

The Books are placed

on Shelves, 4.

and are laid open for use

upon a Desk  , 5.

Libri disponuntur

per Repositoria, 4.

& exponuntur ad usum,

super Pluteum  , 5.

A Multitude of Books

is called a Library  , 6.

Multitudo Librorum

vocatur Bibliotheca  , 6.

XCVI.

The Book-binder.

Bibliopegus.

In times past they glewed

Paper to Paper,

and rolled them up together

into one Roll  , 1.

Olim agglutinabant

Chartam Chartæ,

convolvebantque eas

in unum Volumen  , 1.

At this day

the Book-binder

bindeth Books,

whilst he wipeth, 2. over

Papers steept

in Gum-water, and then

foldeth them together, 3.

beateth with a hammer, 4.

then stitcheth them up, 5.

presseth them

in a Press, 6.

which hath two Screws, 7.

glueth them on the back,

cutteth off the edges

with a round Knife, 8.

and at last covereth them

with Parchment or Leather, 9.

maketh them handsome,

and setteth on Clasps  , 10.

Hodiè

Compactor

compingit Libros,

dum tergit, 2.

chartas maceratas

aquâ glutinosâ, deinde

complicat, 3.

malleat, 4.

tum consuit, 5.

conprimit

Prelo, 6.

quod habet duos Cochleas, 7.

conglutinat dorso,

demarginat

rotundo Cultro, 8.

tandem vestit

Membranâ vel Corio, 9.

efformat,

& affigit Uncinulos  , 10.

XCVII.

A Book.

Liber.

A Book

as to its outward shape,

is either in Folio, 1.

or in Quarto, 2.

in Octavo, 3.

in Duodecimo, 4.

either made to open Side-wise, 5.

or Long-wise, 6.

with Brazen Clasps, 7.

or Strings, 8.

and Square-bofles  , 9.

Liber,

quoad exteriorem formam

est vel in Folia, 1.

vel in Quarto, 2.

in Octavo, 3.

in Duodecimo, 4.

vel Columnatus, 5.

vel Linguatus, 6.

cum Æneis Clausuris, 7.

vel Ligulis, 8.

& angularibus Bullis  , 9.

Within are Leaves, 10.

with two Pages,

sometimes divided

with Columns, 11. and

Marginal Notes  , 12.

Intùs sunt Folia, 10.

duabis Paginis,

aliquando Columnis, 11.

divisa cumq;

Notis Marginalibus  , 12.

XCVIII.

A School.

Schola.

A School, 1.

is a Shop in which

Young Wits are fashion’d

to vertue, and it is

distinguish’d into Forms  .

Schola, 1.

est Officina, in quâ

Novelli Animi formantur

ad virtutem, &

distinguitur in Classes  .

The Master, 2.

sitteth in a Chair, 3.

the Scholars, 4.

in Forms, 5.

he teacheth, they learn.

Præceptor, 2.

sedet in Cathedra, 3.

Discipuli, 4.

in Subselliis, 5.

ille docet, hi discunt.

Some things

are writ down before them

with Chalk on a Table  , 6.

Quædam

præscribuntur illis

Cretâ in Tabella  , 6.

Some sit

at a Table, and write, 7.

he mendeth their Faults, 8.

Quidam sedent

ad Mensam, & scribunt, 7.

ipse corrigit Mendas, 8.

Some stand and rehearse

things committed

to memory, 9.

Quidam stant, & recitant

mandata

memoriæ, 9.

Some talk together, 10.

and behave themselves

wantonly and carelessly;

these are chastised

with a Ferrula. 11.

and a Rod  , 12.

Quidam confabulantur, 10.

ac gerunt se

petulantes, & negligentes;

hi castigantur

Ferulâ (baculo), 11.

& Virgâ  , 12.

XCIX.

The Study.

Museum.

The Study, 1.

is a place where a Student, 2.

apart from Men,

sitteth alone,

addicted to his Studies,

whilst he readeth Books, 3.

which being within his reach

he layeth open upon a Desk, 4.

and picketh all the best things

out of them

into his own Manual, 5.

or marketh them in them

with a Dash, 6.

or a little Star, 7.

in the Margent  .

Museum, 1.

est locus ubi Studiosus, 2.

secretus ab Hominibus,

sedet solus

deditus Studiis,

dum lectitat Libros, 3.

quos penes se

& exponit super Pluteum, 4.

& excerpit optima quæque

ex illis

in Manuale suum, 5.

notat in illis

Liturâ, 6.

vel Asterisco, 7.

ad Margiem  .

Being to sit up late,

he setteth a Candle, 8.

on a Candlestick, 9.

which is snuffed with Snuffers, 10.

before the Candle,

he placeth a Screen, 11.

which is green, that it may not

hurt his eye-sight;

richer Persons use a Taper,

for a Tallow-candle

stinketh and smoaketh.

Lucubraturus,

elevat Lychnum (Canelam), 8.

in Candelabra, 9.

qui emungitur Emunctorio, 10.

ante Lynchum

collocat Umbraculum, 11.

quod viride est, ne

hebetet oculorum aciem;

opulentiores utuntur Cereo

nam Candela sebacea

fœtet & fumigat  .

A Letter, 12. is wrapped up,

writ upon, 13.

and sealed, 14.

Epistola, 12. complicatur,

inscribitur, 13.

& obsignatur, 14.

Going abroad by night,

he maketh use of a Lanthorn, 15.

or a Torch  , 16.

Prodiens noctu

utitur Lanterna, 15.

vel Face  , 16.

C.

Arts belonging to Speech.

Artes Sermones.

Grammar, 1.

is conversant about Letters, 2.

of which it maketh

Words, 3.

and teacheth how

to utter, write, 4.

put together and part

them rightly.

Grammatica, 1.

versatur circa Literas, 2.

ex quibus componit

Voces, verba, 3.

docetque

eloqui, scribere, 4.

construere, distinguere

(interpungere) eas recte.

Rhetorick, 5.

doth as it were paint, 6.

a rude form, 7.

of Speech

with Oratory Flourishes, 8.

such as are Figures,

Elegancies,

Adagies,

Apothegms,

Sentences,

Similies,

Hierogylphicks, &c.

Rhetorica, 5.

pingit, 6.

quasi rudem formam, 7.

Sermonis

Oratoriis Pigmentis, 8.

ut sunt Figuræ,

Elegantiæ,

Adagia (proverbia)

Apothegmata,

Sententiæ (Gnomæ)

Similia,

Hieroglyphica, &c.

Poetry, 9.

gathereth these Flowers

of Speech, 10.

and tieth them as it were

into a little Garland, 11.

and so making of Prose

a Poem,

it maketh several sorts

of Verses and Odes,

and is therefore crowned

with a Laurel  , 12.

Poesis, 9.

colligit hos Flores

Orationis, 10.

& colligat quasi

in Corallam, 11.

atque ita, faciens è prosa

ligatam orationem,

componit varia

Carmina & Hymnos (Odas)

ac propterea coronatur

Lauru  , 12.

Musick, 13.

setteth Tunes, 14.

with pricks,

to which it setteth words,

and so singeth alone,

or in Consort,

or by Voice,

or Musical Instruments, 15.

Musica, 13.

componit Melodias, 14.

Notis,

quibus aptat verba,

atque ita cantat sola

vel Concentu (Symphonia),

aut voce

aut Instrumentis Musicis, 15.

CI.

Musical Instruments.

Instrumenta musica.

Musical Instruments are

those which make a sound:

Musica instrumenta sunt

quæ edunt vocem:

First,

when they are beaten upon,

as a Cymbal, 1. with a Pestil,

a little Bell, 2.

with an Iron pellet within;

or Rattle, 3.

by tossing it about:

a Jews-Trump, 4.

being put to the mouth,

with the fingers;

a Drum, 5.

and a Kettle, 6.

with a Drum-stick, 7.

as also the Dulcimer, 8.

with the Shepherds-harp, 9.

and the Tymbrel  , 10.

Primò,

cum pulsantur,

ut Cymbalum, 1. Pistillo,

Tintinnabulum, 2.

intus Globulo ferreo,

Crepitaculum, 3.

circumversando;

Crembalum, 4.

ori admotum,

Digito;

Tympanum, 5.

& Ahenum, 6.

Claviculâ, 7.

ut & Sambuca, 8.

cum Organo pastoritio, 9.

& Sistrum   (Crotalum), 10.

Secondly,

upon which strings

are stretched, and struck upon,

as the Psaltery, 11.

and the Virginals, 12.

with both hands;

the Lute, 13.

(in which is the Neck, 14.

the Belly, 15,

the Pegs, 16.

by which the Strings, 17.

are stretched

upon the Bridge, 18.)

the Cittern, 19.

with the right hand only,

the Vial, 20.

with a Bow, 21.

and the Harp, 23.

with a Wheel within,

which is turned about:

the Stops, 22.

in every one are touched

with the left hand.

Secundò,

in quibus Chordæ

intenduntur & plectuntur

ut Nablium, 11.

cum Clavircordio, 12.

utrâque manu;

Testudo (Chelys), 13.

(in quâ Jugum, 14.

Magadium, 15.

& Verticilli, 16.

quibus Nervi, 17.

intenduntur

super Ponticulam, 18.)

& Cythara, 19.

Dexterâ tantum,

Pandura, 20.

Plectro, 21.

& Lyra, 23.

intus rotâ,

quæ versatur:

Dimensiones, 22.

in singulis tanguntur

sinistra.

At last,

those which are blown,

as with the mouth,

the Flute, 24.

the Shawm, 25.

the Bag-pipe, 26.

the Cornet, 27.

the Trumpet, 28, 29.

or with Bellows,

as a pair of Organs  , 30.

Tandem

quæ inflantur,

ut Ore,

Fistula (Tibia), 24.

Gingras, 25.

Tibia utricularis, 26.

Lituus, 27.

Tuba, 28. Buccina, 29.

vel Follibus,

ut Organum pneumaticum  , 30.

CII.

Philosophy.

Philosophia.

The Naturalist, 1.

vieweth all the works of God

in the World.

Physicus, 1.

speculatur omnia Dei Opera

in Mundo.

The Supernaturalist, 2.

searches out the Causes

and Effects   of things.

Metaphysicus, 2.

perscrutatur Causas,

& rerum Effecta  .

The Arithmetician,

reckoneth numbers,

by adding, subtracting,

multiplying and dividing;

and that either by Cyphers, 3.

on a Slate,

or by Counters, 4.

upon a Desk  .

Arithmeticus

computat numeros,

addendo, subtrahendo,

multiplicando, dividendo;

idque vel Cyphris, 3.

in Palimocesto,

vel Calculis, 4.

super Abacum  .

Country people reckon, 5.

with figures of tens, X.

and figures of five, V.

by twelves, fifteens,

and threescores  .

Rustici numerant, 5.

Decussibus,

X. & Quincuncibus,

V. per Duodenas, Quindenas,

& Sexagenas  .

CIII.

Geometry.

Geometria.

A Geometrician

measureth the height

of a Tower, 1....2.

or the distance

of places, 3....4.

either with a Quadrant, 5.

or a Jacob’s-staff  , 6.

Geometra

metitur Altitudinem

Turris, 1....2.

aut distantiam

Locorum, 3....4.

sive Quadrante, 5.

sive Radio  , 6.

He maketh out

the Figures of things,

with Lines, 7.

Angles, 8.

and Circles, 9.

by a Rule, 10.

a Square, 11.

and a pair of Compasses  , 12.

Designat

Figuras rerum

Lineis, 7,

Angulis, 8.

& Circulis, 9.

ad Regulam, 10.

Normam, 11.

& Circinum  , 12.

Out of these arise

an Oval, 13.

a Triangle, 14.

a Quadrangle, 15.

and other figures.

Ex his oriuntur

Cylindrus, 13.

Trigonus 14.

Tetragonus, 15.

& aliæ figuræ.

CIV.

The Celestial Sphere.

Sphera cælestis.

Astronomy considereth

the motion of the Stars,

Astrology

the Effects of them.

Astronomia considerat

motus Astrorum,

Astrologia

eorum Effectus.

The Globe of Heaven

is turned about upon

an Axle-tree, 1.

about the Globe

of the Earth, 2.

in the space of XXIV. hours.

Globus Cæli

volvitur super

Axem, 1.

circa globum

terræ, 2.

spacio XXIV. horarum.

The Pole-stars, or Pole,

the Arctick, 3.

the Antarctick, 4.

conclude the Axle-tree

at both ends.

Stellæ polares,

Arcticus, 3.

Antarcticus, 4.

finiunt Axem

utrinque.

The Heaven is

full of Stars every where.

Cælum est

Stellatum undique.

There are reckoned

above a thousand fixed Stars;

but of Constellations

towards the North, XXI.

towards the South  , XVI.

Stellarum fixarum

numerantur plus mille;

Siderum verò

Septentrionarium, XXI.

Meridionalium  , XVI.

Add to these the XII.

signs of the Zodiaque, 5.

every one XXX. degrees,

whose names are

♈ Aries ♉ Taurus,

♊ Gemini, ♋ Cancer,

♌ Leo, ♍ Virgo,

♎ Libra, ♏ Scorpius,

♐ Sagittarius, ♑ Capricorn,

♒ Aquarius, ♓ Pisces  .

Adde Signa, XII.

Zodiaci, 5.

quodlibet graduum, XXX,

quorum nomina sunt

♈ Aries ♉ Taurus,

♊ Gemini, ♋ Cancer,

♌ Leo, ♍ Virgo,

♎ Libra, ♏ Scorpius,

♐ Sagittarius, ♑ Capricorn,

♒ Aquarius, ♓ Pisces  .

Under this move

the seven Wandring-stars

which they call Planets,

whose way is a circle

in the middle of the Zodiack,

called the Ecliptick  , 6.

Sub hoc cursitant

Stellæ errantes VII.

quas vocant Planetas,

quorum via est Circulvs,

in medio Zodiaci,

dictus Ecliptica  , 6.

Other Circles are

the Horizon, 7.

the Meridian, 8.

the Æquator, 9.

the two Colures,

the one of the Equinocts, 10.

(of the Spring

when the ☉ entreth into ♈;

Autumnal

when it entreth in ♎)

the other of the Solstices, 11.

(of the Summer,

when the ☉ entreth into ♋

of the Winter

when it entreth into ♑)

the Tropicks,

the Tropick of Cancer, 12.

the Tropick of Capricorn, 13.

and the two

Polar Circles  , 14....15.

Alii Circuli sunt

Horizon, 7.

Meridianus, 8.

Equator, 9.

duo Coluri,

alter Æquinoxiorum, 10.

(Verni,

quando ☉ ingreditur ♈;

Autumnalis,

quando ingreditur ♎)

alter Solsticiorum, 11.

(Æstivi,

quando ☉ ingreditur ♋;

Hyberni,

quando ingreditur ♑)

duo Tropici,

Tr. Cancri, 12.

Tr. Capricorni, 13.

& duo

Polares  , 14....15.

CIV.

The Aspects of the Planets.

Planetarum Aspectus.

The Moon

runneth through the Zodiack

every Month  .

Luna

percurrit Zodiacum

singulis Mensibus  .

The Sun  , ☉ in a Year.

Sol  , ☉ Anno.

Mercury, ☿

and Venus, ♀

about the Sun,

the one in a hundred and fifteen,

the other in 585 days.

Mercurius, ☿

& Venus, ♀

circa Solem,

illa CXV.,

hæc DLXXXV. Diebus.

Mars  , ♂ in two years;

Mars  , ♂ Biennio;

Jupiter, ♃

in almost twelve;

Jupiter, ♃

ferè duodecim;

Saturn, ♄

in thirty years.

Saturnus, ♄

triginta annis.

Hereupon they meet

variously among themselves,

and have mutual Aspects

one towards another.

Hinc conveniunt

variè inter se

& se mutuo adspiciunt.

As here the ☉ and ☿ are

in Conjunction.

☉ and Moon

in Opposition,

☉ and ♄ in a Trine Aspect,

☉ and ♃ in a Quartile,

☉ and ♀ in a Sextile  .

Ut hic sunt, ☉ & ☿

in Conjunctione,

☉ and Luna

in Oppositione,

☉ & ♄ in Trigono,

☉ & ♃ in Quadratura,

☉ & ♀ in Sextili  .

CV.

The Apparitions of the Moon.

Phases Lunæ.

The Moon shineth

not by her own Light

but that which is borrowed

of the Sun  .

Luna, lucet

non sua propria Luce,

sed mutuatâ

a Sole  .

For the one half of it

is always enlightned,

the other remaineth darkish.

Nam altera ejus medietas

semper illuminatur,

altera manet caliginosa.

Hereupon we see it in

Conjunction with the Sun, 1.

to be obscure,

almost none at all;

in Opposition, 5.

whole and clear,

(and we call it

the Full Moon;)

sometimes in the half,

(and we call it the Prime, 3.

and last Quarter  , 7.)

Hinc videmus, in

Conjunctione Solis, 1.

obscuram, imo nullam:

in Oppositione, 5.

totam & lucidam,

(& vocamus

Plenilunium;)

alias dimidiam,

(& dicimus Primam, 3.

& ultimam Quadram  , 7.)

Otherwise it waxeth, 2....4.

or waneth, 6....8.

and is said to be horned,

or more than half round  .

Cæteroqui crescit, 2....4.

aut decrescit, 6....8.

& vocatur falcata,

vel gibbosa  .

CVI.

The Eclipses.

Eclipses.

The Sun

is the fountain of light,

inlightning all things,

but the Earth, 1.

and the Moon, 2.

being shady bodies,

are not pierced with its rays,

for they cast a shadow

upon the place

just over against them.

Sol

est fons Lucis,

illuminans omnia;

sed Terra, 1.

& Luna, 2.

Corpora opaca,

non penetrantur ejus radiis,

nam jaciunt umbram

in locum oppositum.

Therefore,

when the Moon lighteth

into the shadow

of the Earth, 2.

it is darkened,

which we call an Eclipse,

or defect.

Ideo

cum Luna incidit

in umbram

Terræ, 2.

obscuratur

quod vocamus Eclipsin

(deliquium) Lunæ.

But when the Moon

runneth betwixt the Sun

and the Earth, 3.

it covereth it with

its shadow;

and this we call

the Eclipse of the Sun,

because it taketh from us

the sight of the Sun,

and its light;

neither doth the Sun

for all that suffer any thing,

but the Earth  .

Cum vero Luna

currit inter Solem

& Terram, 3.

obtegit illum

umbrâ suâ;

& hoc vocamus

Eclipsin Solis,

quia adimit nobis

prospectum Solis,

& lucem ejus;

nec tamen Sol

patitur aliquid,

sed Terra  .

CVII. a

The terrestial Sphere.

Sphera terrestris.

The Earth is round, and

therefore to be represented

by two Hemispheres  , a..b.

Terra est rotunda,

fingenda igitur

duobus Hemispheriis  , a..b.

The Circuit of it

is 360 degrees

(whereof every one maketh

60 English Miles

or 21600 Miles,)

and yet it is but a prick,

compared with the World,

whereof it is the Centre  .

Ambitus ejus

est graduum CCCLX.

(quorum quisque facit

LX. Milliaria Anglica

vel 21600 Milliarium)

& tamen est punctum,

collata cum orbe,

cujus Centrum   est.

They measure Longitude

of it by Climates, 1.

and the Latitude

by Parallels  , 2.

Longitudinem ejus

dimetiuntur Climatibus, 1.

Latitudinem,

lineis Parallelis  , 2.

The Ocean, 3.

compasseth it about,

and five Seas wash it,

the Mediterranean Sea, 4.

the Baltick Sea, 5. the Red Sea, 6.

the Persian Sea, 7.

and the Caspian Sea  , 8.

Oceanus, 3.

ambit eam

& Maria V. perfundunt

Mediterraneum, 4.

Balticum, 5. Erythræum, 6.

Persicum, 7.

Caspium  , 8.

CVII. b

The terrestial Sphere.

Sphera terrestris.

It is divided into V. Zones,

whereof the II. frigid ones,

9....9.

are uninhabitable;

the II. Temperate ones, 10....10.

and the Torrid one, 11.

habitable.

Distribuitur in Zonas V.,

quarum duæ frigidæ,

9....9.

sunt inhabitabiles;

duæ Temperatæ, 10....10.

& Torrida, 11.

habitantur.

Besides it is divided

into three Continents;

this of ours, 12. which

is subdivided into Europe, 13.

Asia, 14. Africa, 15.

America, 16....16.

(whose Inhabitants are

Antipodes to us;)

and the South Land, 17....17.

yet unknown.

Ceterum divisa est

in tres Continentes;

nostram, 12. quæ

subdividitur in Europam, 13.

Asiam, 14. & Africam, 15.

in Americam, 16....16.

(cujus incolæ sunt

Antipodes nobis;)

& in Terram Australem, 17....17.

adhuc incognitam.

They that dwell

under the North pole, 18.

have the days and nights

6 months long.

Habitantes

sub Arcto, 18.

habent Dies Noctes

semestrales,

Infinite Islands

float in the Seas.

Infinitæ Insulæ

natant in maribus.

CVIII.

Europe.

Europa.

The chief Kingdoms

of Europe, are

Spain, 1.

France, 2.

Italy, 3.

England, 4.

Scotland, 5.

Ireland, 6.

Germany, 7.

Bohemia, 8.

Hungary, 9.

Croatia, 10.

Dacia, 11.

Sclavonia, 12.

Greece, 13.

Thrace, 14.

Podolia, 15.

Tartary, 16.

Lituania, 17.

Poland, 18.

The Netherlands, 19.

Denmark, 20.

Norway, 21.

Swethland, 22.

Lapland, 23.

Finland, 24.

Lisland, 25.

Prussia, 26.

Muscovy, 27.

and Russia  , 28.

In Europâ nostrâ

sunt Regna primaria,

Hispania, 1.

Gallia, 2.

Italia, 3.

Anglia (Britania), 4.

Scotia, 5.

Hibernia, 6.

Germania, 7.

Bohemia, 8.

Hungaria, 9.

Croatia, 10.

Dacia, 11.

Sclavonia, 12.

Græcia, 13.

Thracia, 14.

Podolia, 15.

Tartaria, 16.

Lituania, 17.

Polonia, 18.

Belgium, 19.

Dania, 20.

Norvegia, 21.

Suecia, 22.

Lappia, 23.

Finnia, 24.

Livonia, 25.

Borussia, 26.

Muscovia, 27.

Russia  , 28.

CIX.

Moral Philosophy.

Ethica.

This Life is a way,

or a place divided into two ways,

like

Pythagoras’s Letter Y.

broad, 1.

on the left hand track;

narrow, 2. on the right;

that belongs to Vice, 3.

this to Vertue  , 4.

Vita hæc est via,

sive Bivium,

simile

Litteræ Pithagoricæ Y.

latum, 1.

sinistro tramite

angustum, 2. dextro;

ille Vitii, 3.

est his Virtutis  , 4.

Mind, Young Man, 5.

imitate Hercules:

leave the left hand way,

turn from Vice;

the Entrance, 6. is fair,

but the End, 7.

is ugly and steep down.

Adverte juvenis, 5.

imitare Herculem;

linque sinistram,

aversare Vitium;

Aditus speciosus, 6.

sed Exitus, 7.

turpis & præceps.

Go on the right hand,

though it be thorny, 8.

no way is unpassible

to vertue; follow whither

vertue leadeth

through narrow places

to stately palaces,

to the Tower of honour  , 9.

Dextera ingredere,

utut spinosa, 8.

nulla via invia

virtuti; sequere quâ

viâ ducit virtus

per angusta,

ad augusta,

ad Arcem honoris  , 9.

Keep the middle

and streight path,

and thou shalt go very safe.

Tene medium

& rectum tramitem;

ibis tutissimus.

Take heed thou do not go

too much on the right hand, 10.

Cave excedas

ad dextram, 10.

Bridle in, 12.

the wild Horse, 11. of Affection,

lest thou fall down headlong.

Compesce freno, 12.

equum ferocem, 11. Affectûs

ne præceps fias.

See thou dost not

go amiss on the left hand, 13.

in an ass-like sluggishness, 14.

but go onwards constantly,

persevere to the end,

and thou shalt be crown’d, 15.

Cave

deficias ad sinistram, 13.

segnitie asininâ, 14.

sed progredere constanter

pertende ad finem,

& coronaberis, 15.

CX.

Prudence.

Prudentia.

Prudence, 1.

looketh upon all things

as a Serpent, 2.

and doeth, speaketh, or

thinketh nothing in vain.

Prudentia, 1.

circumspectat omnia

ut Serpens, 2.

agitque, loquitur, aut

cogitat nihil incassum.

She looks backwards, 3.

as into a Looking-glass, 4.

to things past;

and seeth before her, 5.

as with a Perspective-glass, 7.

things to come,

or the End, 6.

and so she perceiveth

what she hath done, and

what remaineth to be done.

Respicit, 3.

tanquam in Speculum, 4.

ad præterita;

& prospicit, 5.

tanquam Telescopio, 7.

Futura,

seu Finem, 6.

atque ita perspicit

quid egerit, &

quid restet agendum.

She proposeth

an Honest, Profitable

and withal, if it may be done,

a Pleasant End,

to her Actions. *

Actionibus suis *

præfigit Scopum,

Honestum, Utilem,

simulque, si fieri potest,

Jucundum  .

Having foreseen the End,

she looketh out Means,

as a Way, 8.

which leadeth to the End;

but such as are certain

and easie, and fewer

rather than more,

lest anything should hinder.

Fine prospecto,

dispicit Media,

ceu Viam, 8.

quæ ducit ad finem,

sed certa

& facilia; pauciora

potiùs quàm plura,

ne quid impediat.

She watcheth Opportunity, 9.

(which having

a bushy fore-head, 10.

and being bald-pated, 11.

and moreover

having wings, 12.

doth quickly slip away,)

and catcheth it.

Attendit Occasioni, 9.

(quæ

Fronte Capillata, 10.

sed vertice calva, 11.

adhæc

alata, 12.

facile elabitur)

eamque captat.

She goeth on her way

warily,

for fear she should stumble

or go amiss.

In viâ pergit

cautè (providè)

ne impingat

aut aberret.

CXI.

Diligence.

Sedulitas.

Diligence, 1. loveth labours,

avoideth Sloth,

is always at work,

like the Pismire, 2.

and carrieth together,

as she doth, for herself,

Store   of all things, 3.

Sedulitas, 1. amat labores,

fugit Ignaviam,

semper est in opere,

ut Formica, 2.

& comportat,

ut illa, sibi,

omnium rerum Copiam  , 3.

She doth not always

sleep, or make holidays,

as the Sluggard, 4.

and the Grashopper, 5. do,

whom Want, 6.

at the last overtaketh.

Non semper

dormit, ferias agit,

aut ut Ignavus, 4.

& Cicada, 5.

quos Inopia, 6.

tandem premit.

She pursueth what things

she hath undertaken

chearfully,

even to the end;

she putteth nothing off

till the morrow,

nor doth she sing

the Crow’s song, 7.

which saith over and over,

Cras, Cras  .

Urget incepta

alacriter

ad finem usque;

procrastinat nihil,

nec cantat

cantilenam Corvi, 7.

qui ingeminat

Cras, Cras  .

After labours

undergone, and ended,

being even wearied,

she resteth her self;

but being refreshed with Rest,

that she may not use her self

to Idleness, she falleth again

to her Business  ,

Post labores

exantlatos,

& lassata,

quiescit;

sed recreata Quiete,

ne adsuescat

Otio, redit

ad Negotia  .

A diligent Scholar

is like Bees, 8.

which carry honey

from divers Flowers, 9.

into their Hive  , 10.

Diligens Discipulus,

similis est Apibus, 8.

qui congerunt mel

ex variis Floribus, 9.

in Alveare   suum, 10.

CXII.

Temperance.

Temperantia.

Temperance, 1.

prescribeth a mean

to meat and drink, 2.

and restraineth the desire,

as with a Bridle, 3.

and so moderateth all things,

lest any thing

too much be done.

Temperantia, 1.

præscribit modum

Cibo & Potui, 2.

& continet cupidinem,

ceu Freno, 3.

& sic moderatur omnia

ne quid

nimis fiat.

Revellers

are made drunk, 4.

they stumble, 5.

they spue, 6.

and babble, 7. *

Heluones (ganeones)

inebriantur, 4.

titubant, 5.

ructant (vomunt), 6.

& rixantur  , 7.

From Drunkenness

proceedeth Lasciviousness;

from this a lewd Life

amongst Whoremasters, 8.

and Whores, 9.

in kissing,

touching,

embracing,

and dancing  , 10.

E Crapula

oritur Lascivia;

ex hâc Vita libidinosa

inter Fornicatores, 8.

& Scorta, 9.

osculando (basiando),

palpando,

amplexando,

& tripudiando  , 10.

CXIII.

Fortitude.

Fortitudo.

Fortitude, 1.

is undaunted in adversity,

and bold as a Lion, 2. but

not haughty in Prosperity,

leaning on her own Pillar, 3.

Constancy, and

being the same in all things,

ready to undergo both

estates   with an even mind.

Fortitudo, 1.

impavida est in adversis,

& confidens ut Leo, 2. at

non tumida in Secundis,

innixa suo Columini, 3.

Constantiæ; &

eadem in omnibus,

parata ad ferendam utramque

fortunam   æquo animo.

She receiveth the strokes

of Misfortune

with the Shield, 4.

of Sufferance: and

keepeth off the Passions,

the enemies of quietness

with the Sword, 5.

of Valour  .

Excipit ictus

Infortunii

Clypeo, 4.

Tolerantiæ: &

propellit Affectus,

hostes Euthymiæ

gladio, 5.

Virtutis  .

CXIV.

Patience.

Patientia.

Patience, 1.

endureth Calamities, 2.

and Wrongs, 3. meekly

like a Lamb, 4.

as the Fatherly

chastisement of God  , 5.

Patientia, 1.

tolerat Calamitates, 2.

& Injurias, 3. humiliter

ut Agnus, 4.

tanquam paternam

ferulam Dei  , 5.

In the meanwhile she leaneth

upon the Anchor of Hope, 6.

(as a Ship, 7.

tossed by waves in the Sea)

she prayeth to God, 8.

weeping,

and expecteth the Sun, 10.

after cloudy weather, 9.

suffering evils,

and hoping better things.

Interim innititur

Spei Anchoræ, 6.

(ut Navis, 7.

fluctuans mari)

Deo supplicat, 8.

illacrymando,

& expectat Phœbum, 10.

post Nubila, 9.

ferens mala,

sperans meliora.

On the contrary,

the impatient person, 11.

waileth, lamenteth,

rageth against himself, 12.

grumbleth like a Dog, 13.

and yet doth no good;

at the last he despaireth,

and becometh

his own Murtherer  , 14.

Contra,

Impatiens, 11.

plorat, lamentatur,

debacchatur, 12. in seipsum,

obmurmurat ut Canis, 13.

& tamen nil proficit;

tandem desperat,

& fit

Autochir  , 14.

Being full of rage he desireth

to revenge wrongs.

Furibundus cupit

vindicare injurias.

CXV.

Humanity.

Humanitas.

Men are made

for one another’s good;

therefore let them be kind  .

Homines facti sunt

ad mutua commoda;

ergò sint humani  .

Be thou sweet and lovely

in thy Countenance, 1.

gentle and civil

in thy Behaviour and Manners, 2.

affable and true spoken

with thy Mouth, 3.

affectionate and candid

in thy Heart  , 4.

Sis suavis & amabilis

Vultu, 1.

comis & urbanus

Gestu ac Moribus, 2.

affabilis & verax,

Ore, 3.

candens & candidus

Corde  , 4.

So love,

and so shalt thou be loved;

and there will be

a mutual Friendship, 5.

as that of Turtle-doves, 6.

hearty, gentle,

and wishing well on both parts.

Sic ama,

sic amaberis;

& fiat

mutua Amicitia, 5.

ceu Turturum, 6.

concors, mansueta,

& benevola utrinque.

Froward Men are

hateful, teasty, unpleasant.

contentious, angry, 7.

cruel, 8.

and implacable,

(rather Wolves and Lions,

than Men)

and such as fall out

among themselves,

hereupon

they fight in a Duel  , 9.

Morosi homines, sunt

odiosi, torvi, illepidi.

contentiosi, iracundi, 7.

crudeles, 8.

ac implacabiles,

(magis Lupi & Leones,

quàm homines)

& inter se

discordes,

hinc

confligunt Duelle  , 9.

Envy, 10.

wishing ill to others,

pineth away her self.

Invidia, 10.

malè cupiendo aliis,

conficit seipsam.

CXVI.

Justice.

Justitia.

Justice, 1.

is painted, sitting

on a square stone, 2. for

she ought to be immoveable;

with hood-winked eyes, 3.

that she may not respect

persons;

stopping the left ear, 4.

to be reserved

for the other party;

Justitia, 1.

pingitur, sedens

in lapide quadrato, 2. nam

decet esse immobilis;

obvelatis oculis, 3.

ad non respiciendum

personas;

claudens aurem sinistram, 4.

reservandam

alteri parti;

Holding in her right Hand

a Sword, 5.

and a Bridle, 6.

to punish

and restrain evil men;

Tenens dextrâ

Gladium, 5.

& Frænum, 6.

ad puniendum

& coërcendum malos;

Besides,

a pair of Balances, 7.

in the right Scale, 8. whereof

Deserts,

and in the left, 9.

Rewards being put,

are made even one with another,

and so good Men

are incited to virtue,

as it were with Spurs  , 10.

Præterea,

Stateram, 7.

cujus dextræ Lanci, 8.

Merita,

Sinistræ, 9.

Præmia imposita,

sibi invicem exequantur,

atque ita boni

incitantur ad virtutem,

ceu Calcaribus  , 10.

In Bargains, 11.

let Men deal candidly,

let them stand to their

Covenants and Promises;

let that which is given one to keep,

and that which is lent,

be restored:

let no man be pillaged, 12.

or hurt, 13.

let every one have his own:

these are the precepts

of Justice.

In Contractibus, 11.

candidè agatur:

stetur

Pactis & Promissis;

Depositum,

& Mutuum,

reddantur:

nemo expiletur, 12.

aut lædatur, 13.

suum cuique tribuatur:

hæc sunt præcepta

Justitiæ.

Such things as these

are forbidden

in God’s 5th. and 7th.

Cammandment,

and deservedly punish’d

on the Gallows and the Wheel  , 14.

Talia

prohibentur,

quinto & septimo Dei

Præcepto,

& merito puniuntur

Cruce ac Rotâ  , 14.

CXVII.

Liberality.

Liberalitas.

Liberality, 1.

keepeth a mean about Riches,

which she honestly seeketh,

that she may have

somewhat to bestow

on them that want  , 2.

Liberalitas, 1.

servat modum circa Divitias,

quas honestè quærit

ut habeat

quod largiatur

Egenis  , 2.

She cloatheth, 3.

nourisheth, 4.

and enricheth, 5. these

with a chearful countenance, 6.

and a winged hand  , 7.

Hos vestit, 3.

nutrit, 4.

ditat, 5.

Vultu hilari, 6.

& Manu alatâ  , 7.

She submitteth her

wealth, 8. to her self,

not her self to it,

as the covetous man, 9. doth,

who hath,

that he may have,

and is not the Owner,

but the Keeper of his goods,

and being unsatiable,

always scrapeth together, 10.

with his Nails.

Subjicit

opes, 8. sibi,

non se illis,

ut Avarus, 9.

qui habet,

ut habeat,

& non est Possessor

sed Custos bonorum suorum,

& insatiabilis,

semper corradit, 10.

Unguibus suis.

Moreover he spareth

and keepeth,

hoarding up, 11.

that he may always have.

Sed & parcit

& adservat,

occludendo, 11.

ut semper habeat.

But the Prodigal, 12.

badly spendeth

things well gotten,

and at the last wanteth.

At Prodigus, 12.

malè disperdit

benè parta,

ac tandem eget.

CXVIII.

Society betwixt Man and Wife.

Societas Conjugalis.

Marriage

was appointed by God

in Paradise,

for mutual help,

and the Propagation

of mankind.

Matrimonium

institutum est à Deo

in Paradiso,

ad mutuum adjutorium,

& propagationem

generis humani.

A young man (a single man)

being to be married,

should be furnished

either with Wealth,

or a Trade and Science,

which may serve

for getting a living;

that he may be able

to maintain a Family  .

Vir Juvenis (Cœlebs)

conjugium initurus,

instructus sit

aut Opibus,

aut Arte & Scientiâ,

quæ sit

de pane lucrando;

ut possit

sustentare Familiam  .

Then he chooseth himself

a Maid that is Marriageable,

(or a Widow)

whom he loveth;

nevertheless a greater Regard

is to be had of Virtue,

and Honesty,

than of Beauty or Portion  .

Deinde eligit sibi

Virginem Nubilem,

(aut Viduam)

quam adamat;

ubi tamen major ratio

habenda Virtutis

& Honestatis,

quàm Formæ aut Dotis  .

Afterwards, he doth not

betroth her to himself closely,

but entreateth for her

as a Woer,

first to the Father, 1.

and then the Mother, 2.

or the Guardians,

or Kinsfolks, by

such as help to make the match  , 3.

Posthæc, non

clam despondet sibi eam,

sed ambit,

ut Procus,

apud Patrem, 1.

& Matrem, 2.

vel apud Tutores,

& Cognatos, per

Pronubos  , 3.

When she is espous’d to him,

he becometh the Bridegroom, 4.

and she the Bride, 5.

and the Contract is made.

and an Instrument of Dowry 6.

is written.

Eâ sibi desponsâ,

fit Sponsus, 4.

& ipsa Sponsa, 5.

fiuntque Sponsalia,

& scribitur

Instrumentum Dotale  , 6.

At the last

the Wedding is made,

where they are joined together

by the Priest, 7.

giving their Hands, 8.

one to another.

and Wedding-rings, 9.

then they feast with

the witnesses that are invited.

Tandem

fiunt Nuptiæ

ubi copulantur

à Sacerdote, 7.

datis Manibus, 8.

ultrò citroque,

& Annulis Nuptialibus, 9.

tum epulantur cum

invitatis testibus.

After this they are called

Husband and Wife;

when she is dead he becometh

a Widower  .

Abhinc dicuntur

Maritus & Uxor;

hâc mortuâ ille fit

Viduus  .

CXIX.

The Tree of Consanguinity.

Arbor Consanguinitatis.

In Consanguinity

there touch a Man, 1.

in Lineal Ascent,

the Father

(the Father-in-law), 2.

and the Mother

(the Mother-in-law), 3.

the Grandfather, 4.

and the Grandmother, 5.

the Great Grandfather, 6.

and the Great Grandmother, 7.

the great great

Grandfather, 8.

the great great

Grandmother, 9.

the great great

Grandfather’s Father, 10.

the great great

Grandmother’s Mother, 11.

the great great Grandfather’s

Grandfather, 12.

the great great Grandmother’s

Grandmother, 13.

Hominem, 1.

Consanguinitate attingunt,

in Linea ascendenti,

Pater (Vitricus), 2.

& Mater (Noverca), 3.

Avus, 4. & Avia, 5.

Proavus, 6. & Proavia, 7.

Abavus, 8.

& Abavia, 9.

Atavus, 10.

& Atavia, 11

Tritavus, 12.

& Tritavia  , 13.

Those beyond these are called

Ancestors  , 14....14.

Ulteriores dicuntur

Majores  , 14....14.

In a Lineal descent,

the Son (the son-in-law), 15.

and the Daughter,

(the Daughter-in-law), 16.

the Nephew, 17.

and the Neece, 18.

the Nephews Son, 19.

and the Nephews Daughter, 20.

the Nephews Nephew, 21.

and the Neeces Neece, 22.

the Nephews Nephews

Son, 23.

the Neeces Neeces

Daughter, 24.

the Nephews Nephews

Nephew, 25.

the Neeces Neeces

Neece, 26.

In Linea descendenti,

Filius (Privignus), 15.

& Filia (Privigna), 16.

Nepos, 17.

& Neptis, 18.

Pronepos, 19. & Proneptis, 26.

Abnepos, 21. & Abneptis, 22.

Atnepos, 23.

& Atneptis, 24.

Trinepos, 25.

& Trineptis  , 26.

Those beyond these are called

Posterity  , 27....27.

Ulteriores dicuntur

Posteri  , 27....27.

In a Collateral Line

are the Uncle

by the Fathers side, 28.

and the Aunt

by the Fathers side, 29.

the Uncle

by the Mothers side, 30.

and the Aunt

by the Mothers side, 31.

the Brother, 32.

and the Sister, 33.

the Brothers Son, 34.

the Sisters Son, 35.

and the Cousin by

the Brother and Sister  , 36.

In Linea Collaterali

sunt Patruus, 28.

& Amita, 29.

Avunculus, 30.

& Matertera, 31.

Frater, 32. & Soror, 33.

Patruelis, 34.

Sobrinus, 35.

& Amitinus  , 36.

CXX.

The Society betwixt Parents and Children.

Societas Parentalis.

Married Persons,

(by the blessing of God)

have Issue,

and become Parents  .

Conjuges,

(ex benedictione Dei)

suscipiunt Sobolem (Prolem)

& fiunt Parentes  .

The Father, 1. begetteth

and the Mother, 2. beareth

Sons, 3. and Daughters, 4.

(sometimes Twins  ).

Pater, 1. generat

& Mater, 2. parit

Filios, 3. & Filias, 4.

(aliquando Gemellos  ).

The Infant, 5.

is wrapped in

Swadling-cloathes, 6.

is laid in a Cradle, 7.

is suckled by the Mother

with her Breasts, 8.

and fed with Pap, 9.

Afterwards it learneth

to go by a Standing-stool, 10.

playeth with Rattles, 11.

and beginneth to speak.

Infans, 5.

involvitur

Fasciis, 6.

reponitur in Cunas, 7.

lactatur a matre

Uberibus, 8.

& nutritur Pappis, 9.

Deinde discit

incedere Seperasto, 10.

ludit Crepundiis, 11.

& incipit fari.

As it beginneth to grow older,

it is accustomed

to Piety, 12.

and Labour, 13.

and is chastised, 14.

if it be not dutiful.

Crescente ætate,

adsuescit

Pietati, 12.

& Labori, 13.

& castigatur, 14.

si non sit morigerus.

Children owe to Parents

Reverence and Service.

Liberi debent Parentibus

Cultum & Officium.

The Father maintaineth

his Children

by taking pains  , 15.

Pater sustentat

Liberos,

laborando  , 15.

CXXI.

The Society betwixt Masters and Servants.

Societas herilis.

The Master

(the goodman of the House), 1.

hath Men-servants  , 2.

Herus

(Pater familias), 1.

habet Famulos (Servos  ), 2.

the Mistress

(the good wife of the House), 3.

Maidens  , 4.

Hera

(Mater familias), 3.

Ancillas  , 4.

They appoint these

their Work, 6.

and divide

them their tasks, 5. which

are faithfully to be done by them

without murmuring

and loss:

for which

their Wages,

and Meat and Drink

is allowed them.

Illi mandant his

Opera, 6.

& distribuunt

Laborum Pensa, 5. quæ

ab his fideliter sunt exsequenda

sine murmure

& dispendio;

pro quo

Merces

& Alimonia

præbentur ipsis.

A Servant was heretofore

a Slave,

over whom the Master

had power of life and death.

Servus olim erat

Mancipium,

in quem Domino

potestas fuit vitæ & necis

At this day the poorer sort

serve in a free manner,

being hired for Wages.

Hodiè pauperiores

serviunt liberè,

conducti mercede.

CXXII.

A City.

Urbs.

Of many Houses

is made a Village, 1.

or a Town, or a City  , 2.

Ex multis Domibus

fit Pagus, 1.

vel Oppidum, vel Urbs  , 2.

That and this are fenced

and begirt with a Wall, 3.

a Trench, 4.

Bulwarks, 5.

and Pallisadoes  , 6.

Istud & hæc muniuntur

& cinguntur Mœnibus (Muro), 3.

Vallo, 4.

Aggeribus, 5.

& Vallis  , 6.

Within the Walls is

the void Place, 7.

without, the Ditch  , 8.

Intra muros est

Pomœrium, 7.

extrà, Fossa  , 8.

In the Walls are

Fortresses, 9.

and Towers, 10.

Watch-Towers, 11. are

upon the higher places.

In mœnibus sunt

Propugnacula, 9.

& Turres, 10.

Specula, 11. extant

in editioribus locis.

The entrance into a City

is made out of the Suburbs, 12.

through Gates, 13.

over the Bridge  , 14.

Ingressus in Urbem

fit ex Suburbio, 12.

per Portam, 13.

super Pontem  , 14.

The Gate

hath a Portcullis, 15.

a Draw-bridge, 16.

two-leaved Doors, 17.

Locks and Bolts,

as also Barrs  , 18.

Porta

habet Cataractas, 15.

Pontem versatilem, 16.

Valvas, 17.

Claustra & Repagula,

ut & Vectes  , 18.

In the Suburbs are

Gardens, 19.

and Garden-houses, 20.

and also Burying-places  , 21.

In Suburbiis sunt

Horti, 19.

& Suburbana, 20.

ut & Cœmeteria  , 21.

CXXIII.

The inward parts of a City.

Interiora Urbis.

Within the City are

Streets, 1.

paved with Stones;

Market-places, 2.

(in some places with

Galleries), 3.

and narrow Lanes  , 4.

Intra urbem sunt

Plateæ (Vici), 1.

stratæ Lapidibus;

Fora, 2.

(alicubi cum

Porticibus), 3.

& Angiportus  , 4.

The Publick Buildings

are in the middle of the City,

the Church, 5.

the School, 6.

the Guild-Hall, 7.

the Exchange  , 8.

Publica ædificia

sunt in medio Urbis,

Templum, 5.

Schola, 6.

Curia, 7.

Domus Mercaturæ  , 8.

About the Walls

and the Gates

are the Magazine, 9.

the Granary, 10.

Inns, Ale-houses,

Cooks-shops, 11.

the Play-house, 12.

and the Spittle  , 13.

Circa Mœnia,

& Portas

Armamentarium, 9.

Granarium, 10.

Diversoria, Popinæ,

& Cauponæ, 11.

Theatrum, 12.

Nosodochium  , 13.

In the by-places

are Houses of Office, 14.

and the Prison  , 15.

In recessibus,

Foricæ (Cloacæ), 14.

& Custodia   (Carcer), 15.

In the chief Steeple

is the Clock, 16. and

the Watchmans   Dwelling, 17.

In turre primariâ

est Horologium, 16.

& habitatio Vigilum  , 17.

In the Streets are Wells  , 18.

In Plateis sunt Putei  , 18.

The River, 19. or Beck,

runneth about the City,

serveth to wash away

the filth  .

Fluvius, 19. vel Rivus,

interfluens Urbem,

inservit eluendis

sordibus  .

The Tower, 20.

standeth in the highest

part of the City.

Arx, 20.

extat in summo

Urbis.

CXXIV.

Judgment.

Judicium.

The best Law, is

a quiet agreement,

made either by themselves,

betwixt whom the sute is,

or by an Umpire  .

Optimum Jus, est

placida conventio,

facta vel ab ipsis,

inter quos lis est

vel ab Arbitro  .

If this do not proceed,

they come into Court, 1.

(heretofore they judg’d

in the Market-place;

at this day in the Moot-hall)

in which the Judge, 2.

sitteth with his Assessors, 3.

the Clerk, 4. taketh

their Votes in writing.

Hæc si non procedit,

venitur in Forum, 1.

(olim judicabant

in Foro,

hodiè in Prætorio)

cui Judex (Prætor), 2.

præsidet cum Assessoribus, 3.

Dicographus, 4. excipit

Vota calamo.

The Plaintiff, 5.

accuseth the Defendant, 6.

and produceth Witnesses, 7.

against him.

Actor, 5.

accusat Reum, 6.

& producit Testes, 7.

contra illum.

The Defendant excuseth

himself by a Counsellor, 8.

whom the Plaintiff’s Counsellor, 9.

contradicts.

Reus excusat

se per Advocatum, 8.

cui Actoris Procurator, 9.

contradicit.

Then the Judge

pronounceth Sentence,

acquitting the innocent,

and condemning

him that is guilty,

to a Punishment,

or a Fine,

or Torment  .

Tum Judex

Sententiam pronunciat,

absolvens insontem,

& damnans

sontem

ad Pœnam,

vel Mulctam,

vel ad Supplicium  .

CXXV.

The Tormenting of Malefactors.

Supplicia Malefactorum.

Malefactors, 1.

are brought

from the Prison, 3.

(where they are wont

to be tortured)

by Serjeants, 2.

or dragg’d with a Horse, 15.

to place of Execution  .

Malefici, 1.

producuntur,

è Carcere, 3.

(ubi torqueri solent)

per Lictores, 2.

vel Equo raptantur, 15.

ad locum Supplicii  .

Thieves, 4.

are hanged by the Hangman, 6.

on a Gallows  , 5.

Fures, 4.

suspenduntur a Carnifice, 6.

in Patibulo  , 5.

Whoremasters

are beheaded, 7.

Mœchi

decollantur, 7.

Murtherers

and Robbers

are either laid upon a Wheel, 8.

having their Legs broken,

or fastened upon a Stake  , 9.

Homicidæ (Sicarii)

ac Latrones (Piratæ)

vel imponuntur Rotæ

crucifragio plexi, 8.

vel Palo   infiguntur, 9.

Witches

are burnt in

a great Fire  , 10.

Striges (Lamiæ)

cremantur super

Rogum  , 10.

Some before

they are executed

have their Tongues cut out, 11.

or have their Hand, 12.

cut off upon a Block, 13.

or are burnt with Pincers  , 14.

Quidam antequam

supplicio afficiantur

elinguantur, 11.

aut plectuntur Manu, 12.

super Cippum, 13.

aut Forcipibus  , 14. uruntur

They that have their Life

given them,

are set on the Pillory, 16.

or strapado’d, 17.

are set upon

a wooden Horse, 18.

have their Ears cut off, 19.

are whipped with Rods, 20.

are branded,

are banished,

are condemned

to the Gallies, or to

perpetual Imprisonment.

Vitâ donati,

constringuntur Numellis, 16.

luxantur, 17.

imponuntur

Equuleo, 18.

truncantur Auribus, 19.

cæduntur Virgis, 20.

Stigmate notantur,

relegantur,

damnantur

ad Triremes, vel ad

Carcerem perpetuum.

Traytors are pull’d in pieces

with four Horses  .

Perduelles discerpuntur

Quadrigis  .

CXXVI.

Merchandizing.

Mercatura.

Wares

brought from other places

are either exchanged

in an Exchange, 1.

or exposed to sale

in Warehouses, 2.

and they are sold

for Money, 3.

being either measured

with an Eln, 4.

or weighed

in a pair of Balances  , 5.

Merces,

aliunde allatæ,

aliunde vel commutantur

in Domo Commerciorum, 1,

vel exponuntur venum

in Tabernis Mercimoniorum, 2.

& venduntur

pro Pecuniâ (monetâ), 3.

vel mensuratæ

Ulnâ, 4.

vel ponderatæ

Librâ  , 5.

Shop-keepers, 6.

Pedlars, 7.

and Brokers, 8.

would also be called

Merchants  , 9.

Tabernarii. 6.

Circumforanei, 7.

& Scrutarii, 8.

etiam volunt dici

Mercatores  , 9.

The Seller

braggeth of a thing

that is to be sold,

and setteth the rate of it,

and how much

it may be sold for.

Venditor

ostentat

rem promercalem,

& indicat pretium,

quanti

liceat.

The Buyer, 10. cheapneth

and offereth the price.

Emptor, 10. licetur,

& pretium offert.

If any one

bid against him, 11.

the thing is delivered to him

that promiseth the most.

Si quis

contralicetur, 11.

ei res addicitur

qui pollicetur plurimum.

CXXVII. *

Measures and Weights.

Mensuræ & Pondera.

We measure things that

hang together with an Eln, 1.

liquid things

with a Gallon, 2.

and dry things

by a two-bushel Measure  , 3.

Res continuas

metimur Ulnâ, 1.

liquidas

Congio, 2.

aridas

Medimno  , 3.

We try the heaviness

of things by Weights, 4.

and Balances  , 5.

Gravitatem rerum

experimur Ponderibus, 4.

& Librâ   (bilance), 5.

In this is first

the Beam, 6.

in the midst whereof is

a little Axle-tree, 7. above

the cheeks and the hole, 8.

in which the Needle, 9.

moveth it self to and fro:

on both sides

are the Scales, 10.

hanging by little Cords  , 11.

In hâc primò est

Jugum (Scapus), 6.

in cujus medio

Axiculus, 7. superiùs

trutina & agina, 8.

in quâ Examen, 9.

sese agitat:

utrinque

sunt Lances, 10.

pendentes Funiculis  , 11.

The Brasiers balance, 12.

weigheth things by hanging

them on a Hook, 13.

and the Weight, 14.

opposite to them which

in (a) weigheth just as much

as the thing,

in (b) twice so much

in (c) thrice so much, &c.

Statera, 12.

ponderat res, suspendendo

illas Unco, 13.

& Pondus, 14.

ex opposito, quod

in (a) æquiponderat

rei,

in (b) bis tantum,

in (c) ter, &c.

CXXVIII.

Physick.

Ars Medica.

The Patient, 1.

sendeth for a Physician, 2.

who feeleth his Pulse, 3,

and looketh upon his Water, 4.

and then prescribeth

a Receipt in a Bill  , 5.

Ægrotans, 1.

accersit Medicum, 2.

qui tangit ipsius Arteriam, 3.

& inspicit Urinam, 4.

tum præscribit

Medicamentum in Schedula  , 5.

That is made ready

by an Apothecary, 6.

in a Apothecaries Shop, 7.

where Drugs

are kept in Drawers, 8.

Boxes, 9.

and Gally-pots  , 10.

Istud paratur

à Pharmacopæo, 6.

in Pharmacopolio, 7.

ubi Pharmaca

adservantur in Capsulis, 8.

Pyxidibus, 9.

& Lagenis  , 10.

And it is

either a Potion, 11.

or Powder, 12.

or Pills, 13.

or Trochisks, 14.

or an Electuary  , 15.

Estque

vel Potio, 11.

vel Pulvis, 12.

vel Pillulæ, 13.

vel Pastilli, 14.

vel Electuarium  , 15.

Diet and Prayer, 16.

is the best Physick  .

Diæta & Oratio, 16.

est optima Medicina  .

The Chirurgeon, 18.

cureth Wounds, 17.

and Ulcers,

with Plasters  , 19.

Chirurgus, 18.

curat Vulnera, 17.

& Ulcera,

Spleniis   (emplastris), 19.

CXXIX.

A Burial.

Sepultura.

Dead Folks

heretofore were burned,

and their Ashes

put into an Urn  , 1.

Defuncti

olim cremabantur,

& Cineres

recondebantur in Urna  , 1.

We enclose

our dead Folks

in a Coffin, 2.

lay them upon a Bier, 3.

and see they be carried out

in a Funeral Pomp

towards the Church-yard, 4.

where they are laid

in a Grave, 6.

by the Bearers, 5.

and are interred;

this is covered with

a Grave-stone, 7.

and is adorned

with Tombs, 8.

and Epitaphs  , 9.

Nos includimus

nostros Demortuos

Loculo, (Capulo), 2.

imponimus Feretro, 3.

& curamus efferri

Pompâ Funebri

versus Cœmeterium, 4.

ubi inferuntur,

Sepulchro, 6,

a Vespillonibus, 5.

& humantur;

hoc tegitur

Cippo, 7.

& ornatur

Monumentis, 8.

ac Epitaphiis  , 9.

As the Corps go along

Psalms are sung,

and the Bells   are rung, 10.

Funere prodeunte,

Hymni cantantur,

& Campanæ  , 10. pulsantur.

CXXX.

A Stage-play.

Ludus Scenicus.

In a Play-house, 1.

(which is trimmed

with Hangings, 2. and

covered with Curtains, 3.)

Comedies and Tragedies

are acted,

wherein memorable things

are represented;

as here, the History

of the Prodigal Son, 4.

and his Father, 5.

by whom he is entertain’d,

being return’d home.

In Theatro, 1.

(quod vestitur

Tapetibus, 2. &

tegitur Sipariis, 3.)

Comediæ vel Tragœdiæ

aguntur,

quibus repræsentantur

res memorabiles

ut hic, Historia

de Filio Prodigo, 4.

& Patre, 5. ipsius,

à quo recipitur,

domum redux.

The Players

act being in disguise;

the Fool  , 6. maketh Jests.

Actores (Histriones)

agunt personati;

Morio  , 6. dat Jocos.

The chief of the Spectators

sit in the Gallery, 7.

the common sort stand

on the Ground, 8.

and clap the hands,

if anything please them.

Spectatorum primarii,

sedent in Orchestra, 7.

plebs stat

in Cavea, 8.

& plaudit,

si quid arridet.

CXXXI.

Sleights.

Præstigiæ.

The Tumbler, 1.

maketh several Shows

by the nimbleness

of his body, walking to and fro

on his hands,

leaping

through a Hoop  , 2. &c.

Præstigiator, 1.

facit varia Spectacula,

volubilitate

corporis, deambulando

manibus,

saliendo

per Circulum  , 2. &c.

Sometimes also

he danceth, 4.

having on a Vizzard.

Interdum etiam

tripudiat, 4.

Larvatus.

The Jugler, 3.

sheweth sleights,

out of a Purse  .

Agyrta, 3.

facit præstigias

è Marsupio  .

The Rope-dancer, 5.

goeth and danceth

upon a Rope,

holdeth a Poise, 6.

in his hand;

or hangeth himself

by the hand or foot  , 7. &c.

Funambulus, 5.

graditur & saltat

super Funem,

tenens Halterem, 6.

manu;

aut suspendit se

manu vel pede  , 7. &c.

CXXXII.

The Fencing-School.

Palestra.

Fencers

meet in a Duel

in a Fencing-place,

fighting with Swords, 1.

or Pikes, 2.

and Halberds, 3.

or Short-swords, 4.

or Rapiers, 5.

having balls at the point

(lest they wound

one another mortally)

or with two edged-Swords

and a Dagger  , 6. together.

Pugiles

congrediuntur Duello

in Palestra,

decertantes vel Gladiis, 1.

vel Hastilibus, 2.

& Bipennibus, 3.

vel Semispathis, 4.

vel Ensibus, 5.

mucronem obligatis,

(ne lædet

lethaliter)

vel Frameis

& Pugione  , 6. simul.

Wrestlers, 7.

(among the Romans

in time past were nayked

and anointed with Oyl)

take hold of one another

and strive whether

can throw the other,

especially

by tripping up his heels  , 8.

Luctatores, 7.

(apud Romanos

olim nudi

& inuncti Oleo)

prehendunt se invicem

& annituntur uter

alterum prosternere possit,

præprimis

supplantando  , 8.

Hood-winked Fencers, 9.

fought with their fists

in a ridiculous strife,

to wit, with their Eyes covered  .

Andabatæ, 9.

pugnabant pugnis

ridiculo certamine,

nimirum Oculis obvelatis.

CXXXIII.

Tennis-play.

Ludus Pilæ.

In a Tennis Court, 1.

they play with a Ball, 2.

which one throweth,

and another taketh,

and sendeth it back

with a Racket, 3.

and that is the Sport

of Noble Men

to stir their Body.

In Sphæristerio, 1.

luditur Pilâ, 2.

quam alter mittit,

alter excipit,

& remittit

Reticulo, 3.

idque est Lusus

Nobilium

ad commotionem Corporis.

A Wind-ball, 4.

being filled with Air,

by means of a Ventil,

is tossed to and fro

with the Fist, 5.

in the open Air.

Follis (pila magna), 4.

distenta Aere

ope Epistomii,

reverberberatur

Pugno, 5.

sub Dio.

CXXXIV.

Dice-play.

Ludus Aleæ.

We play with Dice, 1.

either they that throw

the most take up all;

or we throw them

through a Casting-box, 2.

upon a Board, 3.

marked with figures,

and this is Dice-players game

at casting Lots  .

Tesseris (talis), 1. ludimus

vel Plistobolindam;

vel immittimus illas

per Frittillum, 2.

in Tabellam, 3.

notatam numeris,

idque est Ludas Sortilegii

Aleatorum  .

Men play by Luck and Skill

at Tables.

in a pair of Tables, 4.

and at Cards  , 5.

Sorte & Arte luditur

Calculis

in Alveo aleatorio, 4.

& Chartis lusoriis  , 5.

We play at Chesse

on a Chesse-board, 6. where

only art beareth the sway.

Ludimus Abaculis

in Abaco, 6. ubi

sola ars regnat.

The most ingenious Game

is the Game of Chesse, 7.

wherein as it were

two Armies

fight together in Battel.

Ingeniosissimus Ludus

est Ludus Latrunculorum, 7.

quo veluti

duo Exercitus

confligunt Prælio.

CXXXV.

Races.

Cursus Certamina.

Boys exercise themselves

by running,

either upon the Ice, 1.

in Scrick-shoes, 2.

where they are carried also

upon Sleds, 3.

or in the open Field,

making a Line, 4.

which he that desireth to win,

ought to touch,

but not to run beyond it.

Pueri exercent se

cursu,

sive super Glaciem, 1.

Diabatris, 2.

ubi etiam vehuntur

Trahis, 3.

sive in Campo,

designantes Lineam, 4.

quam qui vincere cupit

debet attingere,

at non ultrâ procurrere.

Heretofore Runners, 5.

run betwixt Rails, 6.

to the Goal, 7. and

he that toucheth it first

receiveth the Prize, 8.

from him that gave the prize  , 9.

Olim decurrebant Cursores, 5.

inter Cancellos, 6.

ad Metam, 7. &

qui primum contingebat eam,

accipiebat Brabeum,

(præmium), 8. à Brabeuta  , 9.

At this day Tilting

(or the quintain) is used,

(where a Hoop, 11.

is struck at

with a Truncheon, 10.)

instead of Horse-races, which

are grown out of use.

Hodie Hastiludia

habentur,

(ubi Circulus, 11.

petitur

Lancea, 10.)

loco Equiriorum, quæ

abierunt in desuetudinem.

CXXXVI.

Boys Sport.

Ludi Pueriles.

Boys use to play

either with Bowling-stones 1.

or throwing a Bowl, 2.

at Nine-pins, 3.

or striking a Ball,

through a Ring, 5.

with a Bandy, 4.

or scourging a Top, 6.

with a Whip, 7.

or shooting with a Trunk, 8.

and a Bow, 9. or going

upon Stilts, 10, or

tossing and swinging themselves

upon a Merry-totter  , 11.

Pueri solent ludere

vel Globis fictilibus, 1.

vel jactantes Globum, 2.

ad Conas, 3.

vel mittentes Sphærulam

per Annulum, 5.

Clava, 4.

versantes Turbinem, 6.

Flagello, 7.

vel jaculantes Sclopo, 8.

& Arcu, 9. vel incidentes

Grallis, 10. vel

super Petaurum, 11.

se agitantes & oscillantes.

CXXXVII.

The Kingdom and the Region.

Regnum & Regio.

Many Cities and Villages

make a Region

and a Kingdom  .

Multæ Urbes & Pagi

faciunt Regionem

& Regnum  .

The King or Prince

resideth in the chief City, 1.

the Noblemen, Lords,

and Earls dwell

in the Castles, 2.

that lie about it;

the Country People

dwell in Villages  , 3.

Rex aut Princeps

sedet in Metropoli. 1.

Nobiles, Barones,

& Comites habitant

in Arcibus, 2.

circumjacentibus;

Rustici

in Pagis  , 3.

He hath his toll-places

upon navigable Rivers, 4.

and high-Roads, 5.

where Portage and Tollage

is exacted of them

that sail

or travel.

Habet telonia sua

juxta Flumina navigabilia, 4.

& Vias regias, 5.

ubi Portorum & Vectigal

exigitur

a navigantibus

& iter facientibus.

CXXXVIII.

Regal Majesty.

Regia Majestas.

The King, 1.

sitteth on his Throne, 2.

in Kingly State,

with a stately Habit, 3.

crowned with a Diadem, 4.

holding a Scepter, 5.

in his Hand,

being attended with

a Company of Courtiers  .

Rex, 1.

sedet in suo Solio, 2.

in regio splendore,

magnifico Habitu, 3.

redimitus Diademate, 4.

tenens Sceptrum, 5.

manu,

stipatus

frequentiâ Aulicorum  .

The chief among these,

are the Chancellor, 6.

with the Counsellors

and Secretaries,

the Lord-marshall, 7.

the Comptroller, 8.

the Cup-bearer, 9.

the Taster, 10.

the Treasurer, 11.

the High Chamberlain, 12.

and the Master of the

Horse, 13.

Inter hos primarii

sunt Cancellarius, 6.

cum Consiliariis

& Secretariis,

Præfectus Prætorii, 7.

Aulæ Magister, 8.

Pocillator (pincerna), 9.

Dapifer, 10.

Thesaurarius, 11.

Archi-Cubicularius, 12.

& Stabuli Magister  , 13.

There are subordinate

to these

the Noble Courtiers, 14.

the Noble Pages, 15.

with the Chamberlains,

and Lacquies, 16.

the Guard, 17.

with their Attendance  .

Subordinantur

his

Nobiles Aulici, 14.

Nobile Famulitium, 15.

cum Cubiculariis,

& Cursoribus, 16.

Stipatores, 17.

cum Satellitio  .

He solemnly giveth

Audience

to the Ambassadors

of Foreign Princes, 18.

Solemniter recipit

Legatos

exterorum, 18.

He sendeth

his Vice-gerents,

Deputies,

Governors, Treasurers,

and Ambassadors

to other places,

to whom he sendeth

new Commissions

ever and anon

by the Posts  , 19.

Ablegat

Vicarios suos,

Administratores,

Præfectos, Quæstores,

& Legatos,

aliorsum,

quibus mittit

Mandata nova

subinde

per Veredarios  , 19.

The Fool, 20.

maketh Laughter

by his toysom Actions.

Morio, 20.

movet Risum

ludicris Actionibus.

CXXXIX.

The Soldier.

Miles.

If we be to make War

Soldiers   are lifted, 1.

Si bellandum est

scribuntur Milites  . 1.

Their Arms are

a Head-piece, 2.

(which is adorned with a

Crest) and the Armour,

whose parts are a Collar, 3.

a Breast-plate, 4.

Arm-pieces, 5.

Leg-pieces, 6.

Greaves, 7.

with a Coat of Mail, 8.

and a Buckler, 9.

these are the defensive Arms.

Horum Arma sunt,

Galea (Cassis, 2.)

(quæ ornatur

Cristâ) & Armatura,

cujus partes Torquis ferreus, 3.

Thorax, 4.

Brachialia, 5.

Ocreæ ferreæ, 6.

Manicæ, 7.

cum Lorica, 8.

& Scuto (Clypeo), 9.

hæc sunt Arma defensiva.

The offensive are

a Sword, 10.

a two-edged Sword, 11.

a Falchion, 12.

which are put up into

a Scabbard, 13.

and are girded with

a Girdle, 14. or Belt, 15.

(a Scarf, 16.

serveth for ornament)

a two handed-Sword, 17.

and a Dagger  , 18.

Offensiva sunt

Gladius, 10.

Framea, 11.

& Acinaces, 12.

qui reconduntur

Vaginâ, 13.

accinguntur

Cingulo, 14. vel Baltheo, 15.

(Fascia militaris, 16.

inservit ornatui)

Romphæa, 17.

& Pugio  , 18.

In these is the Haft, 19.

with the Pummel, 20.

and the Blade, 21.

having a Point, 22.

in the middle are

the Back, 23. and the Edge  , 24.

In his est Manubrium, 19.

cum Pomo, 20.

& Verutum, 21.

Cuspidatum, 22.

in medio

Dorsum, 23. & Acies  , 24.

The other Weapons are

a Pike, 25. a Halbert, 26.

(in which is the Haft, 27.

and the Head, 28.)

a Club, 29. and a Whirlebat  , 30.

Reliqua arma sunt

Hasta, 25. Bipennis, 26.

(in quibus Hastile, 27.

& Mucro, 28.)

Clava, 29. & Cœstus  , 30.

They fight at a distance

with Muskets, 31.

and Pistols, 32. which

are charged with Bullets, 33.

out of a Bullet-bag, 34.

and with Gun-powder

out of a Bandalier  , 35.

Pugnatur eminùs

Bombardis (Sclopetis), 31.

& Sclopis, 32. quæ

onerantur Globis, 33.

è Theca bombardica, 34.

& Pulvere nitrato

è Pyxide pulveraria  , 35.

CXL.

The Camps.

Castra.

When a Design is undertaken

the Camp, 1. is pitched

and the Tents

of Canvas, 2. or Straw, 3.

are fastned with Stakes;

and they entrench them about

for security’s sake,

with Bulwarks, 4.

and Ditches, 5.

Sentinels, 6. are also set;

and Scouts  , 7. are sent out.

Expeditione susceptâ,

Castra, 1. locantur

& Tentoria

Linteis, 2. vel Stramentis, 3.

figuntur Paxillis;

eaque circumdant,

securitatis gratiâ

Aggeribus, 4.

& Fossis, 5.

Excubiæ, 6. constituuntur;

& Exploratores  , 7. emittuntur.

Sallyings out, 8.

are made for Forage

and Plunder-sake, where

they often cope with

the Enemy  , 9. in skirmishing.

Excursiones, 8.

fiunt Pabulationis

& Prædæ causâ, ubi

sæpius confligitur cum

Hostibus  , 9. velitando.

The Pavilion

of the Lord General is in

the midst of the Camp  , 10.

Tentorium

summi Imperatoris est in

medio Castrorum  , 10.

CXLI.

The Army and the Fight.

Acies & Prœlium.

When the Battel

is to be fought

the Army is set in order,

and divided into the Front, 1.

the Rere, 2.

and the Wings  , 3.

Quando Pugna

committenda est,

Acies instruitur,

& dividitur in Frontem, 1.

Tergum, 2.

& Alas (Cornua  ), 3.

The Foot, 4.

are intermixed

with the Horse  , 5.

Peditatus, 4.

intermiscetur

Equitatui  , 5.

That is divided

into Companies,

this into Troops  .

Ille distinguitur

in Centurias,

hic in Turmas  .

These carry Banners, 6.

those Flags, 7.

in the midst of them.

Illæ in medio

ferunt Vexilla, 6.

hæ Labara  , 7.

Their Officers are,

Corporals, Ensigns,

Lieutenants, Captains, 8.

Commanders of the Horse, 9.

Lieutenant Colonels,

Colonels,

and he that is the chief of all,

the General  .

Eorum Præfecti sunt,

Decuriones, Signiferi,

Vicarii, Centuriones, 8.

Magistri Equitum, 9.

Tribuni,

Chiliarchæ,

& summus omnium

Imperator  .

The Drummers, 10.

and the Drumslades, 11.

as also the Trumpeters, 12.

call to Arms,

and inflame the Soldier.

Tympanistæ, 10.

& Tympanotribæ, 11.

ut & Tubicines, 12.

vocant ad Arma

& inflammant Militem.

At the first Onset

the Muskets, 13. and

Ordnance  , 14. are shot off.

Primo Conflictu,

Bombardæ, 13. &

Tormenta  , 14. exploduntur.

Afterwards they fight, 15.

hand to hand

with Pikes and Swords  .

Postea pugnatur, 15.

cominus

Hastis & Gladiis  .

They that are overcome

are slain, 16.

or taken prisoners,

or run away  , 17.

Victi

trucidantur, 16.

vel capiuntur,

vel aufugiunt  , 17.

They that are for

the Reserve, 18.

come upon them

out of their places where

they lay in wait.

Succenturiati, 18.

superveniunt

ex insidiis  .

The Carriages, 19.

are plundered.

Impedimenta, 19.

spoliantur.

CXLII.

The Sea-Fight.

Pugna Navalis.

A Sea-fight

is terrible,

when huge Ships,

like Castles,

run one upon another

with their Beaks, 1.

or shatter one another

with their Ordnance, 2.

and so being bored thorow

they drink in

their own Destruction,

and are sunk  , 3.

Navale prœlium

terribile est,

quum ingentes Naves,

veluti Arces,

concurrunt

Rostris, 1.

aut se invicem quassant

Tormentis, 2.

atque ita perforatæ,

imbibunt

perniciem suam

& submerguntur  , 3.

Or when they are set on fire

and either by the firing

of Gun-powder, 4.

men are blown up into the air,

or are burnt in

the midst of the waters,

or else leaping into

the Sea are drowned.

Aut quum igne corripiuntur,

& vel ex incendio

pulveris tormentarii, 4.

homines ejiciuntur in ærem,

vel exuruntur in

mediis aquis,

vel etiam desilientes in

mare, suffocantur.

A Ship that flieth away, 5.

is overtaken

by those that pursue her, 6.

and is taken.

Navis fugitiva, 5.

intercipitur

ab insequentibus, 6.

& capitur.

CXLIII.

The Besieging of a City.

Obsidium Urbis.

A City that

is like to endure a Siege,

is first summoned

by a Trumpeter, 1.

and persuaded to yield  .

Urbs

passura Obsidionem,

primum provocatur

per Tubicinem, 1.

& invitatur ad Depitionem  .

Which if it refuseth to do,

it is assaulted by the Besiegers,

and taken by storm.

Quod si abnuat facere,

oppugnatur ab Obsidentibus

& occupatur.

Either by climbing over

the walls with

Scaling-ladders, 2.

or breaking them down

with Battering-engins, 3.

or demolishing them

with great Guns, 4.

or breaking through

the Gates with a Petarr, 5.

or casting Granadoes, 6.

out of Mortar-pieces, 7.

into the City,

by Engineers, 8.

(who lye behind

Leagure-baskets, 9.)

or overthrowing it with

Mines by Pioneers  , 10.

Vel muros

per Scalas, 2.

transcendendo,

aut diruendo

Arietibus, 3.

aut demoliendo

Tormentis, 4.

vel dirumpendo

portas Exostra, 5.

vel ejaculando Globos

Tormentarios, 6.

e Mortariis (balistis), 7.

in Urbem

per Balistarios, 8.

(qui latitant post

Gerras, 9.)

vel subvertendo

Cuniculis per Fossores, 10,

They that are besieged

defend themselves

from the Walls, 11.

with fire and stones, &c,

or break out by force  , 12.

Obsessi

defendunt se

de Muris, 11.

ignibus, lapidibus, &c.

aut erumpunt  , 12.

A City

that is taken by Storm

is plundered,

destroyed,

and sometimes laid even

with the ground.

Urbs

vi expugnata,

diriditur,

exciditur,

interdum equatur

solo.

CXLIV.

Religion.

Religio.

Godliness, 1.

the Queen of Vertues,

worshippeth God, 4. devoutly,

the Knowledge of God

being drawn either from

the Book of Nature, 2.

(for the work commendeth

the Work-master)

or from

the Book of Scripture, 3.

she meditateth upon

his Commandments contained

in the Decalogue, 5.

and treading Reason under foot,

that Barking Dog, 6.

she giveth Faith, 7.

and assent

to the Word of God,

and calleth upon him, 8.

as a Helper in adversity.

Pietas, 1.

Regina Virtutum

colit Deum, 4. humiliter,

Notitiâ Dei,

haustâ vel ex

Libro Naturæ, 2.

(nam opus commendat

Artificem)

vel ex

Libro Scripturæ, 3.

recolit

Mandata ejus comprehensa

in Decalogo, 5.

& conculcans Rationem,

oblatrantem Canem, 6.

præbet Fidem, 7.

& assensum

Verbo Dei,

eumque invocat, 8.

ut Opitulatorem in adversis.

Divine Services

are done in the Church, 9.

in which are the Quire, 10.

with the Altar, 11.

the Vestry, 12.

the Pulpit, 13.

Seats, 14.

Galleries, 15.

and a Font  , 16.

Officia Divina

fiunt in Templo, 9.

in quo est Penetrale

(Adytum, 10.) cum Altari, 11.

Sacrarium, 12.

Suggestus, 13.

Subsellia, 14.

Ambones, 15.

& Baptisterium  , 16.

All men perceive

that there is a God,

but all men do not

rightly know God.

Omnes homines sentiunt

esse Deum,

sed non omnes

rectè nôrunt Deum.

Hence are divers Religions

whereof IV. are reckoned

yet as the chief.

Hinc diversæ Religiones

quarum IV. numerantur

adhuc primariæ.

CXLV.

Gentilism.

Gentilimus.

The Gentiles feigned

to themselves near upon

XIIM. Deities  .

Gentiles finxerunt

sibi prope

XIIM. Numina  .

The chief of them were

Jupiter, 1. President, and

petty-God of Heaven;

Neptune, 2. of the Sea;

Pluto, 3. of Hell;

Mars, 4. of War;

Apollo, 5. of Arts;

Mercury, 6. of Thieves,

Merchants,

and Eloquence;

Vulcan, (Mulciber)

of Fire and Smiths;

Æolus, of Winds:

and the most obscene of

all the rest, Priapus  .

Eorum præcipua erant

Jupiter, 1. Præses &

Deaster cœli;

Neptunus, 2. Maris;

Pluto, 3. Inferni;

Mars, 4. Belli;

Apollo, 5. Artium;

Mercurius, 6. Furum,

Mercatorum,

& Eloquentiæ;

Vulcanus (Mulciber),

Ignis & Fabrorum;

Æolus, Ventorum;

& obscænissimus,

Priapus  .

They had also

Womanly Deities:

such as were Venus, 7.

the Goddess of Loves,

and Pleasures, with

her little son Cupid, 8.

Minerva (Pallas), with

the nine Muses of Arts;

Juno, of Riches and Weddings;

Vesta, of Chastity;

Ceres, of Corn;

Diana, of Hunting,

and Fortune;

and besides these Morbona,

and Febris   her self.

Habuerant etiam

Muliebria Numina;

qualia fuerunt Venus, 7.

Dea Amorum,

& Voluptatum, cum

filiolo Cupidine, 8.

Minerva (Pallas), cum

novem Musis Artium;

Juno, Divitiarum & Nuptiarum;

Vesta, Castitatis;

Ceres, Frumentorum;

Diana, Venationum;

& Fortuna:

quin & Morbona,

ac Febris   ipsa.

The Egyptians,

instead of God

worshipped all sorts

of Beasts and Plants,

and whatsoever they saw

first in the morning.

Ægyptii,

pro Deo

colebant omne genus

Animalium & Plantarum,

& quicquid conspiciebantur

primum mane.

The Philistines offered

to Moloch, 9. their Children

to be burnt alive,

Philistæi offerebant

Molocho (Saturno), 9.

Infantes cremandos vivos.

The Indians, 10.

even to this day,

worship the Devil  , 11.

Indi, 10.

etiamnum

venerantur Cacodæmona  , 11.

CXLVI.

Judaism.

Judaismus.

Yet the true Worship

of the true God,

remained with the Patriarchs,

who lived before

and after the Flood.

Verus tamem Cultus

veri Dei,

remansit apud Patriarchas,

qui vixerunt ante

& post Diluvium.

Amongst these,

that Seed of the Woman,

the Messias of the World,

was promised to Abraham, 1.

the Founder of the Jews,

the Father of them that believe:

and he (being called away

from the Gentiles)

with his Posterity,

being marked with

the Sacrament of Circumcision, 2.

made a peculiar people,

and Church   of God.

Inter hos,

Semen illud Mulieris,

Messias Mundi,

promissus est Abrahamo. 1.

Conditori Judæorum,

Patri credentium:

& ipse (avocatus

a Gentilibus)

cum Posteris,

notatus Sacramento

Circumcisionis, 2.

constitutus singularis populus,

& Ecclesia   Dei.

Afterwards God

gave his Law,

written with his own Finger

in Tables of Stone, 5.

to this people

by Moses, 3.

in Mount Sinai  , 4.

Postea Deus

exhibuit Legem suam,

scriptam Digito suo

in Tabulis Lapideis, 5.

huic Populo

per Mosen, 3.

in Monte Sinai  , 4.

Furthermore, he ordained

the eating the Paschal Lamb, 6.

and Sacrifices

to be offered upon an Altar, 7.

by Priests, 8.

and Incense, 9. and commanded

a Tabernacle, 10.

with the Ark of the Covenant, 11.

to be made:

and besides,

a brazen Serpent, 12.

to be set up against

the biting of Serpents in

the Wilderness.

Porrò ordinavit

manducationem Agni

Paschalis, 6. & Sacrificia

offerenda in Altari, 7.

per Sacerdotes, 8.

& Suffitus, 9. & jussit

Tabernaculum, 10.

cum Arca Fœderis, 11.

fieri:

præterea,

æneum Serpentem, 12.

erigi contra

morsum Serpentum in

Deserto.

All which things

were Types of the Messias

to come, whom

the Jews   yet look for.

Quæ omnia

Typi erant Messiæ

venturi, quem

Judæi   adhuc expectant.

CXLVII.

Christianity.

Christianismus.

The only begotten eternal

Son of God, 3.

being promised to

our first Parents in Paradise,

at the last being conceived

by the Holy Ghost,

in the most Holy Womb

of the Virgin Mary, 1.

of the royal house of David

and clad with humane flesh,

came into the World

at Bethlehem of Judæa,

in the extream poverty

of a Stable, 2.

in the fullness of time,

in the year of the world 3970,

but pure from all sin,

and the name of Jesus

was given him,

which signifieth a Saviour  .

Unigenitus æternus

Dei Filius, 3.

promissus

Protoplastis in Paradiso,

tandem conceptus

per Sanctum Spiritum

in sanctissimo utero

Virginis Mariæ, 1.

de domo regiâ Davidis,

& indutus humanâ carne,

prodiit in mundum

Bethlehemæ Judæâ,

in summâ paupertate

Stabuli, 2.

impleto tempore,

Anno Mundi 3970,

sed mundus ab omni peccato

& nomen Jesu

impositum fuit ei,

quod significat Salvatorem  .

When he was sprinkled

with holy Baptism, 4.

(the Sacrament

of the new Covenant)

by John

his Forerunner, 5.

in Jordan,

the most sacred Mystery

of the divine Trinity,

appear’d

by the Father’s voice, 6.

(whereby he testified

that this was his Son)

and the Holy Ghost

in the shape of a Dove, 7.

coming down from Heaven.

Hic, cum imbueretur

sacro Baptismo, 4.

(Sacramento

novi Fœderis)

à Johanne

præcursore suo, 5.

in Jordane

apparuit

sacratissimum Mysterium

Divinæ Trinitatis,

Patris voce, 6.

(quâ testabatur

hunc esse Filium suum)

& Spiritu sancto

in specie Columbæ, 7.

delabente cœlitus.

From that time,

being the 30th year of his Age,

unto the fourth year,

he declared who he was,

his words and works

manifesting his Divinity,

being neither owned,

nor entertained by the Jews,

because of his voluntary poverty.

Ab eo tempore,

tricesimo anno ætatis suæ,

usque an annum quartum,

declaravit quis esset,

verbis & operibus

præ se ferentibus Divinitatem,

nec agnitus,

nec acceptus a Judæis,

ob voluntariam paupertatem  .

He was at last taken by

these (when he had first

instituted the Mystical Supper, 8.

of his Body and Blood

for a Seal

of the new Covenant and

the remembrance of himself)

carried to the Judgment-seat

of Pilate,

Governour under Cæsar,

accused and condemned

as an innocent Lamb; and

being fastned upon a Cross, 9.

he dyed, being

sacrificed upon the Altar

for the sins of the World.

Captus tandem ab

his (quum prius

instituisset Cœnam Mysticam, 8.

Corporis & Sanguinis sui,

in Sigillum

novi Fœderis, &

sui recordationem)

raptus ad Tribunal

Pilati,

Præfecti Cæsarei,

accusatus & damnatus est

Agnus innocentissimus;

actusque in Crucem, 9.

mortem subiit,

immolatus in arâ

pro peccatis mundi.

But when he had revived

by his Divine Power,

he rose again the third day

out of the Grave, 10.

and forty days after

being taken up

from Mount Olivet, 11.

into Heaven, 12.

and returning thither

whence he came,

he vanished as it were,

while the Apostles, 13.

gazed upon him,

Sed quum revixisset

Divinâ suâ Virtute,

resurrexit tertia die

è Sepulchro, 10.

& post dies XL.

sublatus

de Monte Oliveti, 11.

in Cœlum, 12.

& eo rediens

unde venerat,

quasi evanuit,

Apostolis, 13.

aspectantibus,

to whom he sent

his Holy Spirit, 14.

from Heaven, the tenth day

after his Ascension,

and them,

(being filled with his power)

into the World

to preach of him;

being henceforth to come again

to the last Judgment,

sitting in the mean time

at the right hand

of the Father,

and interceding for us.

quibus misit

Spiritum Sanctum, 14.

de Cœlo, decima die

post Ascensum,

ipsos vero,

(hac virtute impletos)

in Mundum

prædicaturos;

olim rediturus

ad Judicium extremum,

interea sedens

ad dextram

Patris,

& intercedens pro nobis.

From this Christ

we are called Christians,

and are saved in him alone.

Ab hoc Christo

dicimur Christiani,

inque eo solo salvamur.

CXLVIII.

Mahometism.

Mahometismus.

Mahomet, 1.

a warlike Man,

invented to himself

a new Religion,

mixed with Judaism,

Christianity and Gentilism,

by the advice of a Jew, 2.

and an Arian Monk, 3.

named Sergius; feigning,

whilst he had the Fit of

the Falling-sickness,

that the Archangel Gabriel

and the Holy Ghost,

talked with him,

using a Pigeon, 4.

to fetch Meat

out of his Ear.

Mahomet, 1.

Homo bellator,

excogitabat sibi

novam Religionem,

mixtam ex Judaismo,

Christianismo & Gentilismo,

consilio Judæi, 2.

& Monachi Ariani, 3.

nomine Sergii; fingens,

dum laboraret Epilepsia,

Archangelum Gabrielem,

& Spiritum Sanctum,

secum colloqui,

adsuefaciens Columbam, 4.

petere Escam

ex Aure sua.

His Followers

refrain themselves

from Wine;

are circumcised,

have many Wives;

build Chapels, 5.

from the Steeples whereof,

they are called to Holy Service

not by Bells,

but by a Priest, 6.

they wash themselves often, 7.

they deny the Holy Trinity:

they honour Christ,

not as the Son of God,

but as a great Prophet,

yet less than Mahomet;

they call their Law,

the Alchoran  .

Asseclæ ejus

abstinent se

à Vino;

circumciduntur,

sunt Polygami;

exstruunt Sacella, 5.

de quorum Turriculis,

convocantur ad sacra

non a Campanis,

sed a Sacerdote, 6.

sæpius se abluunt, 7.

negant SS. Trinitatem:

Christum honorant,

non ut Dei Filium,

sed ut magnum Prophetam,

minorem tamen Mahomete;

Legem suam vocant

Alcoran  .

CXLIX.

Gods Providence.

Providentia Dei.

Mens States

are not to be attributed

to Fortune or Chance,

or the Influence of the Stars,

(Comets, 1. indeed

are wont to portend no good)

but to the provident

Eye of God, 2.

and to his governing Hand, 3.

even our Sights,

or Oversights,

or even our Faults  .

Humanæ Sortes

non tribuendæ sunt

Fortunæ aut Casui,

aut Influxui Siderum,

(Cometæ, 1. quidem

solent nihil boni portendere)

sed provido

Dei Oculo, 2.

& ejusdem Manui rectrici, 3.

etiam nostræ Prudentiæ,

vel Imprudentiæ,

vel etiam Noxæ  .

God hath his Ministers

and Angels, 4.

who accompany a Man, 5.

from his birth,

as Guardians,

against wicked Spirits,

or the Devil, 6.

who every minute

layeth wait for him,

to tempt

and vex him.

Deus habet Ministros suos,

& Angelos, 4.

qui associant se Homini, 5.

à nativitate ejus,

ut Custodes,

contra malignos Spiritus,

seu Diabolum, 6.

qui minutatim

struit insidias ei,

ad tentandum

vel vexandum.

Wo to the mad

Wizzards and Witches

who give themselves

to the Devil,

(being inclosed in a Circle, 7.

calling upon him

with Charms)

they dally with him,

and fall from God!

for they shall receive

their reward with him.

Væ dementibus

Magis & Lamiis

qui Cacodæmoni

se dedunt

(inclusi Circulo, 7.

eum advocantes

Incantamentis)

cum eo colludunt

& à Deo deficiunt!

nam cum illo

mercedem accipient.

CL.

The Last Judgment.

Judicium extremum.

For the last day

shall come

which shall raise up

the Dead, 2.

with the sound of a Trumpet, 1.

and summon the Quick

with them

to the Judgment-seat

of Christ Jesus, 3.

(appearing in the Clouds)

to give an Account

of all things done.

Nam dies novissima

veniet,

quæ resuscitabit

Mortuos, 2.

voce Tubæ, 1.

& citabit Vivos,

cum illis

ad Tribunal

Jesu Christi, 3.

(apparentis in Nubibus)

ad reddendam rationem

omnium actorum.

When the Godly & Elect, 4.

shall enter into life eternal

into the place of Bliss,

and the new Hierusalem  , 5.

Ubi pii (justi) & Electi, 4.

introibunt in vitam æternam,

in locum Beatitudinis

& novum Hierosolymam  , 5.

But the Wicked

and the damned, 6.

shall be thrust into Hell, 8.

with the Devils, 7.

to be there tormented for ever.

Impii vero,

& damnati, 6.

cum Cacodæmonibus, 7.

in Gehennum, 8. detrudentur,

ibi cruciandi æternum.

CLI.

The Close.

Clausula.

Thus thou hast seen

in short, all things

that can be shewed,

and hast learned

the chief Words

of the English and Latin

Tongue.

Ita vidisti

summatim res omnes

quæ poterunt ostendi,

& didicisti

Voces primarias

Anglicæ & Latinæ

Linguæ.

Go on now and read

other good Books diligently,

and thou shalt become

learned, wise, and godly  .

Perge nunc & lege

diligenter alias bonos Libros,

ut fias

doctus, sapiens, & pius  .

Remember these things;

fear God, and call upon him,

that he may bestow

upon thee

the Spirit of Wisdom  .

Memento horum;

Deum time, & invoca eum,

ut largiatur

tibi

Spiritum Sapientiæ  .

Farewell.

Vale.

Index

Index Titulorum.

See note on chapter numbering. The chapter number for Invitatio (1) was missing; there is no entry for Clausula (151). Chapter references 64–104 were off by one (printed as 63–103) and have been silently corrected. Only those with additional errors are individually marked.

Cap.

A.

Pag.

141

Acies & Prælium

178

6

Aer

10

46

Agricultura

58

33

Amphibia

40

43

Animi hominis

54

19

Animalia & primum   Aves

24

7

Aqua

12

13

Arbor

17

119

Arbor Consanguinitatis

150

128

Ars Medica

163

92

Ars Scriptoria

112

100

Artes Sermonis

121

52

Aucupium

65

24

Aves Aquaticæ

30

22

Aves Campestres & Sylvestres

28

20

Aves Domesticæ

25

23

Aves Rapaces

29

B.

75

Balneum

91

96

Bibliopegus

117

95

Bibliopolium

116

C.

41

Canales & Ossa

50

39

Caput & Manus

47

40

Caro & Viscera

49

140

Castra

177

147

Christianismus

187

4

Cœlum

7

58

Convivium

72

55

Coquinaria

68

135

Cursus Certamina

171

D.

44

Deformes & Monstrosi

55

2

Deus

5

67

Domus

82

E.

106

Eclipses

131

84

Eques

102

77

Equile

194

109

Ethica

36

108

Europa

134

F.

69

Faber Ferrarius

85

64

Faber lignarius

79

65

Faber murarius

80

30

Feræ Bestiæ

36

29

Feræ Pecudes

35

71

Figulus

87

15

Flores

20

113

Fortitudo

141

14

Fructus Arborum

18

17

Fruges

22

18

Frutices

23

G.

145

Gentilismus

184

103

Geometria

126

H.

36

Homo

43

78

Horologia

95

45

Hortorum cultura

56

115

Humanitas

144

73

Hypocaustum cum   Dormitorio

89

I.

5

Ignis

8

32

Insecta repentia

38

25

Insecta volantia

31

101

Instrumenta Musica

123

123

Interiora Urbis

156

1

Invitatio

1

146

Judaismus

186

124

Judicium

157

150

Jud’m extremum

193

28

Jumenta

34

116

Justitia

145

L.

12

Lapides

15

54

Lanionia

67

97

Liber

118

117

Liberalitas

147

61

Lintea

76

134

Ludus Aleæ

170

136

Ludi pueriles

172

133

Ludus Pilæ

169

130

Ludus Scenicus

166

M.

66

Machinæ

81

148

Mahometismus

190

35

Marinæ Pisces & Conchæ

42

48

Mellificium

61

38

Membra Hominis Externa

45

127

Mensuræ & Pondera

162

126

Mercatura

161

68

Metallifodina

84

11

Metalla

15

139

Miles

176

49

Molitura

62

3

Mundus

6

99

Museum

120

N.

88

Natatus

107

91

Naufragium

111

89

Navis actuaria

108

90

Navis oneraria

109

8

Nubes

12

O.

143

Obsidium Urbis

181

16

Olera

21

21

Oscines

27

P.

132

Palæstra

168

50

Panificium

63

93

Papyrus

113

72

Partes Domus

88

114

Patientia

142

27

Pecora

33

47

Pecuaria

59

105

Phases Lunæ

130

102

Philosophia

125

79

Pictura

96

51

Piscatio

64

34

Pisces Fluviatiles

41

104

Planet. Aspectus

129

131

Præstigiæ

167

149

Providentia Dei

191

110

Prudentia

137

142

Pugna Navalis

180

74

Putei

90

Q.

26

Quadrupedia & primum   Domestica

32

R.

138

Regia Majestas

174

137

Regnum & Regio

173

144

Religio

183

82

Restio & Lorarius

99

S.

62

Sartor

77

98

Schola

119

70

Scriniarius & Tornator

86

111

Sedulitas

139

42

Sensus externi & interni

52

37

Septum Ætat. Hominis

44

129

Sepultura

165

31

Serpentes & Reptilia

37

118

Societas Conjugalis

144

121

Societas Herilis

153

120

Soc’tas Parentalis

152

80

Specularia

97

104

Sphæra   cœlestis

127

107

Sphæra   terrestris

132

125

Supplicia Maleficiorum

159

63

Sutor

78

T.

112

Temperantia

140

9

Terra

13

10

Terræ fœtus

14

60

Textura

75

76

Tonstrina

93

59

Tractio Lini

74

87

Transitus Aqua’m

106

94

Typographia

114

V.

86

Vectura

105

85

Vehicula

103

53

Venatus

66

83

Viator

100

81

Vietor

98

56

Vindemia

70

122

Urbs

144

Z.

57

Zythopœia

71

An Index of the Titles.

See note on chapter numbering. Chapter numbers for The Invitation (1) and The Close (151) were missing. Chapter references 64–104 were off by one (printed as 63–103) and have been silently corrected. Only those with additional errors are individually marked. Minor differences in spelling and hyphenization are not marked.

Chap.

A.

Page.

37

The Seven Ages of Man

44

6

The Air

10

33

Amphibious Creatures

40

105

The Apparitions of the Moon

130

141

The Army and the Fight

178

100

Arts belonging to Speech

121

104

The Aspects of the Planets

129

B.

75

The Bath

91

76

The Barbers Shop

93

28

Labouring Beasts

34

30

Wild Beasts

36

143

The Besieging of a City

181

19

Birds

24

22

Birds that live in the Fields and Woods

28

23

Ravenous Birds

29

21

Singing Birds

27

41

The Chanels and Bones

50

97

A Book

118

96

The Book-binder

117

95

The Book-sellers Shop

116

70

The Box-maker

86

136

Boys Sports

172

50

Bread-baking

63

57

Brewing

71

129

A Burial

165

54

Butchery

67

C.

104

The Celestial Sphere

127

140

The Camp

177

85

Carriages

103

86

Carrying to and fro

105

64

The Carpenter

79

27

Herd-Cattle

33

29

Wild-Cattle

35

41

The Chanels and Bones

50

147

Christianity

187

123

A City

154

143

The Besieging of a City

181

123

The Inward parts of a City

156

151

The Close

194

8

The Clouds

12

119

The Tree of Consanguinity

150

56

Cookery

68

81

The Cooper

98

82

The Cord-wainer

99

17

Corn

22

32

Crawling Vermin

38

33

Creatures that live as well by water as by land

40

31

Creeping things

37

D.

44

Deformed and monstrous People

55

78

Dials

95

134

Dice-play

170

111

Diligence

139

45

The Dressing of Gardens

56

E.

9

The Earth

13

106

The Eclipses

131

66

Engines

81

108

Europe

134

F.

58

A Feast

72

132

The Fencing-School

168

5

Fire

8

51

Fishing

64

34

River-fish and Pond-fish

41

35

Sea-fish and Shell-fish

43

40

The Flesh and Bowels

49

15

Flowers

20

25

Flying Vermin

31

113

Fortitude

141

26

Four footed Beasts about the House

32

52

Fowling

65

20

Tame-Fowl

25

24

Water-Fowl

30

10

The Fruits of the Earth

14

14

Fruits of Trees

18

G.

89

A Galley

108

145

Gentilism

184

103

Geometry

126

2

God

5

149

God’s Providence

191

47

Grasing

59

49

Grinding

62

H.

39

The Head and the Hands

47

16

Pot-herbs

21

27

Herd-Cattle

33

4

Heaven

7

48

The making of Honey

61

84

The Horseman

102

67

A House

82

72

The parts of a House

88

115

Humanity

144

53

Hunting

66

46

Husbandry

58

I.

1

The Invitation

1

101

Musical   Instruments

123

146

Judaism

186

124

Judgment

157

150

The last Judgment

193

116

Justice

145

K.

137

The Kingdom and Region

173

L.

28

Labouring Beasts

34

117

Liberality

147

19

Living Creatures

24

59

The dressing of Line

74

61

Linen Cloaths

76

80

Looking-glasses

97

M.

148

Mahometism

190

138

Kingly Majesty

174

36

Man

43

37

The Seven Ages of Man

44

38

The outward parts of a Man

45

65

The Mason

80

127

Measures and Weights

162

126

Merchandizing

161

90

A Merchant Ship

109

11

Metals

15

68

A Mine

84

105

The Apparitions of the Moon

137

109

Moral Philosophy

136

101

Musical Inst’ments

123

P.

93

Paper

113

87

Passage over Waters

106

114

Patience

142

102

Philosophy

125

109

Moral Philosophy

136

128

Physick

163

79

The Picture

96

34

Pond-fish

41

16

Pot-herbs

21

71

The Potter

87

94

Printing

114

149

God’s Providence

191

110

Prudence

137

R.

135

Races

171

23

Ravenous Birds

29

144

Religion

183

34

River-fish

41

82

The Roper

99

138

Regal Majesty

174

S.

98

A School

119

142

The Sea-fight

180

35

Sea-fish and Shell-fish

42

42

The outward and inward Senses

52

31

Serpents

37

91

Shipwreck

111

63

The Shoe-maker

78

18

Shrubs

23

21

Singing Birds

27

131

Sleights

167

118

The Society betwixt Man and Wife

148

120

The Society betwixt Parents and Children

152

121

The Society betwixt Master and Servant

153

43

The Soul of Man

54

139

The Souldier

176

69

The Black-smith

85

136

Boys Sports

172

104

The Celestial Sphere

127

107

The Terrestial Sphere

132

100

Arts belonging to Speech

121

77

The Stable

94

130

A Stage-play

166

12

Stones

16

73

The Stove with the Bed-room

89

99

The Study

120

88

Swimming

107

T.

62

The Taylor

77

112

Temperance

140

133

Tennis play

169

107

The Terrestial Sphere

132

125

The Torments of Malefactors

159

83

The Travellor

100

13

A Tree

17

70

The Turner

86

U.

25

Flying Vermin

31

32

Crawling Vermin

38

56

The Vintage

70

W.

7

The Water

11

60

Weaving

75

74

Wells

90

29

Wild Cattle

35

30

Wild Beasts

36

3

The World

6

92

Writing

112

Trinuni Deo Gloria.

FINIS.

Original Title Page

JOH. AMOS COMENII

Orbis Sensualium Pictus:

HOC EST

Omnium principalium in Mundo

Rerum, & in Vita Actionum,

P  ICTURA & NOMENCLATURA.

JOH. AMOS COMENIUS’S

VISIBLE WORLD:

OR, A

Nomenclature, and Pictures

OF ALL THE

CHIEF THINGS that are in the WORLD, and

of MENS EMPLOYMENTS therein;

In above 150 COPPER CUTS.

WRITTEN

By the Author in Latin and High Dutch, being

one of his last ESSAYS; and the most suitable to

Childrens Capacity of any he hath hitherto made.

Translated into English

By CHARLES HOOLE, M.A.

For the Use of Young Latin Scholars.

The   ELEVENTH EDITION Corrected, and the English made to

answer Word for Word to the Latin.

Nihil est in intellectu, quod non prius fuit in sensu. Arist.

London; Printed for, and sold by John and Benj.

Sprint, at the Bell in Little Britain, 1728.

Additional Notes

Editor’s Preface:

The text for the English translation is from the English edition of 1727, in which for the first time the English words were so arranged as to stand opposite their Latin equivalents.

The 1659 English translation has the same general layout, but word order within sentences is often different, as explained in the “Advertisement” to the 1727 edition.

Chapter Numbering

In the 1659 edition the Invitatio and Clausula (Close) are unnumbered, and in the 1727 edition there are two chapters CIV (104). In the 1727 Index, and in the numbers visible in the corner of some illustrations, chapter numbers 64 through 104 were off by one (printed as 63–103).

Chapter Name

1659 text

1727 index

1727 text

Invitation

—

—

I (1)

God

I (1)

2

II (2)

...

...

...

Shoemaker

LXII (62)

63

LXIII (63)

Carpenter

LXIII (63)

63

LXIV (64)

...

...

...

Geometry

CII (102)

102

CIII (103)

Celestial Sphere

CIII (103)

103

CIV (104)

Aspects of the Planets

CIV (104)

104

CIV (104)

...

...

...

The Last Judgement

CL (150)

150

CL (150)

The Close

—

—

CLI (151)

Transcriber’s Footnotes

Chapter XIX

“here the king’s Fisher”

The printed text reads “Fisher ... here the king’s”. The 1659 edition may explain the error:

Chapter CX

“She proposeth ... End, to her Actions; Actionibus suis præfigit Scopum ...”

Text shown as printed. The first Latin line corresponds to the last English line.

Chapter CXII

“Revellers ... babble; Heluones ... rixantur.”

The 1659 edition has “brabble”, meaning “quarrel” or “brawl”.

Chapter CXXVII

Illustration shown as printed. For comparison, here is the equivalent illustration from the 1659 edition:

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Table of Contents

ORBIS PICTUS

John Amos Comenius.

Editor’s Preface.

Comments upon the Orbis Pictus.

The Author’s Preface to the Reader.

The Translator, to all judicious and industrious School-Masters.

An Advertisement Concerning this Edition.

Orbis Sensualium Pictus,

A World of Things Obvious to the Senses drawn in Pictures.

I. Invitation. Invitatio.

II. God. Deus.

III. The World. Mundus.

IV. The Heaven. Cœlum.

V. Fire. Ignis.

VI. The Air. Aër.

VII. The Water. Aqua.

VIII. The Clouds. Nubes.

IX. The Earth. Terra.

X. The Fruits of the Earth. Terræ Fœtus.

XI. Metals. Metalla.

XII. Stones. Lapides.

XIII. Tree. Arbor.

XIV. Fruits of Trees. Fructus Arborum.

XV. Flowers. Flores.

XVI. Potherbs. Olera.

XVII. Corn. Fruges.

XVIII. Shrubs. Frutices.

XIX. Living-Creatures: and First, Birds. Animalia: & primum, Aves

XX. Tame Fowls. Aves Domesticæ.

XXI. Singing-Birds. Oscines.

XXII. Birds that haunt the Fields and Woods. Aves Campestres & Sylvestres

XXIII. Ravenous Birds. Aves Rapaces.

XXIV. Water-Fowl. Aves Aquaticæ.

XXV. Flying Vermin. Insecta volantia.

XXVI. Four-Footed Beasts: and First those about the House. Quadrupeda: & primum Domestica.

XXVII. Herd-Cattle. Pecora.

XXVIII. Labouring-Beasts. Jumenta.

XXIX. Wild-Cattle. Feræ Pecudes.

XXX. Wild-Beasts. Feræ Bestiæ.

XXXI. Serpents and Creeping things. Serpentes & Reptilia.

XXXII. Crawling-Vermin. Insecta repentia.

XXXIII. Creatures that live as well by Water as by Land. Amphibia.

XXXIV. River Fish and Pond Fish. Pisces Fluviatiles & Lacustres.

XXXV. Sea-fish, and Shell-fish. Marini pisces & Conchæ.

XXXVI. Man. Homo.

XXXVII. The Seven Ages of Man. Septem Ætates Hominis.

XXXVIII. The Outward Parts of a Man. Membra Hominis Externa.

XXXIX. The Head and the Hand. Caput & Manus.

XL. The Flesh and Bowels. Caro & Viscera.

XLI. The Chanels and Bones. Canales & Ossa.

XLII. The Outward and Inward Senses. Sensus externi & interni.

XLIII. The Soul of Man. Anima hominis.

XLIV. Deformed and Monstrous People. Deformes & Monstrosi.

XLV. The Dressing of Gardens. Hortorum cultura.

XLVI. Husbandry. Agricultura.

XLVII. Grasing. Pecuaria.

XLVIII. The making of Honey. Mellificium.

XLIX. Grinding. Molitura.

L. Bread-baking. Panificium.

LI. Fishing. Piscatio.

LII. Fowling. Aucupium.

LIII. Hunting. Venatus.

LIV. Butchery. Lanionia.

LV. Cookery. Coquinaria.

LVI. The Vintage. Vindemia.

LVII. Brewing. Zythopœia.

LVIII. A Feast. Convivium.

LIX. The Dressing of Line. Tractatio Lini.

LX. Weaving. Textura.

LXI. Linen Cloths. Lintea.

LXII. The Taylor. Sartor.

LXIII. The Shoemaker. Sutor.

LXIV. The Carpenter. Faber lignarius.

LXV. The Mason. Faber Murarius.

LXVI. Engines. Machinæ.

LXVII. A House. Domus.

LXVIII. A Mine. Metallifodina.

LXIX. The Blacksmith. Faber Ferrarius.

LXX. The Box-maker and the Turner. Scrinarius & Tornator.

LXXI. The Potter. Figulus.

LXXII. The Parts of a House. Partes Domus.

LXXIII. The Stove with the Bed-room. Hypocaustum cum Dormitorio.

LXXIV. Wells. Putei.

LXXV. The Bath. Balneum.

LXXVI. The Barbers Shop. Tonstrina.

LXXVII. The Stable. Equile.

LXXVIII. Dials. Horologia.

LXXIX. The Picture. Pictura.

LXXX. Looking-glasses. Specularia.

LXXXI. The Cooper. Vietor.

LXXXII. The Roper, and the Cordwainer. Restio, & Lorarius.

LXXXIII. The Traveller. Viator.

LXXXIV. The Horse-man. Eques.

LXXXV. Carriages. Vehicula.

LXXXVI. Carrying to and fro. Vectura.

LXXXVII. Passing over Waters. Transitus Aquarum.

LXXXVIII. Swimming. Natatus.

LXXXIX. A Galley. Navis actuaria.

XC. A Merchant-ship. Navis oneraria.

XCI. Ship-wreck. Naufragium.

XCII. Writing. Ars Scriptoria.

XCIII. Paper. Papyrus.

XCIV. Printing. Typographia.

XCV. The Booksellers Shop. Bibliopolium.

XCVI. The Book-binder. Bibliopegus.

XCVII. A Book. Liber.

XCVIII. A School. Schola.

XCIX. The Study. Museum.

C. Arts belonging to Speech. Artes Sermones.

CI. Musical Instruments. Instrumenta musica.

CII. Philosophy. Philosophia.

CIII. Geometry. Geometria.

CIV. The Celestial Sphere. Sphera cælestis.

CIV. The Aspects of the Planets. Planetarum Aspectus.

CV. The Apparitions of the Moon. Phases Lunæ.

CVI. The Eclipses. Eclipses.

CVII. a The terrestial Sphere. Sphera terrestris.

CVII. b The terrestial Sphere. Sphera terrestris.

CVIII. Europe. Europa.

CIX. Moral Philosophy. Ethica.

CX. Prudence. Prudentia.

CXI. Diligence. Sedulitas.

CXII. Temperance. Temperantia.

CXIII. Fortitude. Fortitudo.

CXIV. Patience. Patientia.

CXV. Humanity. Humanitas.

CXVI. Justice. Justitia.

CXVII. Liberality. Liberalitas.

CXVIII. Society betwixt Man and Wife. Societas Conjugalis.

CXIX. The Tree of Consanguinity. Arbor Consanguinitatis.

CXX. The Society betwixt Parents and Children. Societas Parentalis.

CXXI. The Society betwixt Masters and Servants. Societas herilis.

CXXII. A City. Urbs.

CXXIII. The inward parts of a City. Interiora Urbis.

CXXIV. Judgment. Judicium.

CXXV. The Tormenting of Malefactors. Supplicia Malefactorum.

CXXVI. Merchandizing. Mercatura.

CXXVII.* Measures and Weights. Mensuræ & Pondera.

CXXVIII. Physick. Ars Medica.

CXXIX. A Burial. Sepultura.

CXXX. A Stage-play. Ludus Scenicus.

CXXXI. Sleights. Præstigiæ.

CXXXII. The Fencing-School. Palestra.

CXXXIII. Tennis-play. Ludus Pilæ.

CXXXIV. Dice-play. Ludus Aleæ.

CXXXV. Races. Cursus Certamina.

CXXXVI. Boys Sport. Ludi Pueriles.

CXXXVII. The Kingdom and the Region. Regnum & Regio.

CXXXVIII. Regal Majesty. Regia Majestas.

CXXXIX. The Soldier. Miles.

CXL. The Camps. Castra.

CXLI. The Army and the Fight. Acies & Prœlium.

CXLII. The Sea-Fight. Pugna Navalis.

CXLIII. The Besieging of a City. Obsidium Urbis.

CXLIV. Religion. Religio.

CXLV. Gentilism. Gentilimus.

CXLVI. Judaism. Judaismus.

CXLVII. Christianity. Christianismus.

CXLVIII. Mahometism. Mahometismus.

CXLIX. Gods Providence. Providentia Dei.

CL. The Last Judgment. Judicium extremum.

CLI. The Close. Clausula.

Index

Index Titulorum.

An Index of the Titles.

Trinuni Deo Gloria.

FINIS.

Joh. Amos Comenii

Orbis Sensualium Pictus:

Pictura & Nomenclatura.

Joh. Amos Comenius’s

VISIBLE WORLD:

Nomenclature, and Pictures

In above 150 Copper Cuts.

Additional Notes

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