The Project Gutenberg eBook of Index of Project Gutenberg Works on Black History

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Index of Project Gutenberg Works on Black History

Author: Various

Editor: David Widger

Release date: February 27, 2019 [eBook #58975]

Most recently updated: February 25, 2021

Language: English

Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/58975

Credits: Produced by David Widger

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF PROJECT GUTENBERG WORKS ON BLACK HISTORY ***

INDEX OF PROJECT GUTENBERG

WORKS ON

BLACK HISTORY

Compiled by David Widger

CONTENTS

Click on the ## before many of the titles to view a linked

table of contents for that volume.

Click on the title itself to open the original online file.

##

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 1. Jan. 1916

Various

##

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 2, 1917

Various

##

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 3, 1918

Various

##

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 4, 1919

Various

##

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY, Vol. 5, 1920

Various

##

OUR WORLD, or THE SLAVEHOLDERS DAUGHTER

F. Colburn Adams

##

NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

Frederick Douglass

##

OTHER ARTICLES BY FREDERICK DOUGLASS

Frederick Douglass

##

MY BONDAGE AND MY FREEDOM

Frederick Douglass

JOHN BROWN

Frederick Douglass

ABOLITION FANATICISM IN NEW YORK

Frederick Douglass

##

THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

DARKWATER, VOICES FROM WITHIN THE VEIL

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

THE QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

THE NEGRO

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

SUPPRESSION OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE TO THE USA

W.E.B. Du Bois

THE CONSERVATION OF RACES

W.E.B. Du Bois

##

UP FROM SLAVERY AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

B.T. Washington

##

THE NEGRO PROBLEM

B.T. Washington

##

A NEGRO EXPLORER AT THE NORTH POLE

B.T. Washington

##

THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

B.T. Washington

##

TUSKEGEE & ITS PEOPLE

B.T. Washington

##

SHADOW AND LIGHT

B.T. Washington

##

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

B.T. Washington

THE STORY OF SLAVERY

B.T. Washington

##

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

B.T. Washington

##

FROM SLAVE TO COLLEGE PRESIDENT

Pike

##

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM

Siebert

##

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

Still

##

CLOTELLE

Brown

##

ESCAPE OF WM. WELLS BROWN FROM SLAVERY

Brown

##

NARRATIVE OF WILLIAM W. BROWN, A FUGITIVE SLAVE

Brown

##

DRED, A TALE OF THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP

Stowe

##

UNCLE TOM'S CABIN

Stowe

##

STEP BY STEP

American Tract

##

THE IRON FURNACE

Aughey

##

A SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

Brawley

##

CAPTAIN CANOT, TWENTY YEARS A SLAVER

Canot

##

THE WHITE SLAVES OF ENGLAND

Cobden

##

THE BLACK EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA

Coombs

##

WHERE THE TWAIN MEET

Gaunt

##

FATHER HENSON'S STORY OF HIS LIFE

Henson

##

BLACK REBELLION, FIVE REVOLTS

Higginson

##

THIRTY YEARS A SLAVE

Hughes

##

INCIDENTS IN THE LIFE OF A SLAVE GIRL

Jacobs

##

30 YEARS A SLAVE; 4 YEARS IN THE WHITE HOUSE

Keckley

##

THE SLAVERY QUESTION

Lawrence

##

JOURNAL OF A WEST INDIA PROPRIETOR

Lewis

##

THE NEGRO AND THE NATION

Merriam

##

THE SEA-WITCH

Murray

##

TWELVE YEARS A SLAVE

Northup

##

THE BROTHERS' WAR

Reed

##

THE BOY SLAVES

Reid

##

TWENTY-TWO YEARS A SLAVE

Steward

##

THE STORY OF MATTIE J. JACKSON

Thompson

##

POEMS

Wheatley

LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF HENRY BIBB

Bibb

THE LIFE OF HARRIET TUBMAN

Bradford

TABLES OF CONTENTS OF VOLUMES

POEMS

ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS,

By Phillis Wheatley

(Negro Servant To Mr. John Wheatley, Of Boston, In New-England)

1771

CONTENTS

PREFACE.

TO THE PUBLIC.

P O E M S

TO  M AE C E N A S.

O N  V I R T U E.

TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, IN NEW-ENGLAND.

TO THE KING’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 1768.

ON BEING BROUGHT FROM AFRICA TO AMERICA.

ON THE DEATH OF THE REV. DR. SEWELL, 1769.

ON THE DEATH OF THE REV. MR. GEORGE WHITEFIELD. 1770.

ON THE DEATH OF A YOUNG LADY OF FIVE YEARS OF AGE.

ON THE DEATH OF A YOUNG GENTLEMAN.

TO A LADY ON THE DEATH OF HER HUSBAND.

G O L I A T H  O F  G A T H.

THOUGHTS ON THE WORKS OF PROVIDENCE.

TO A LADY ON THE DEATH OF THREE RELATIONS.

TO A CLERGYMAN ON THE DEATH OF HIS LADY.

AN HYMN TO THE MORNING

AN HYMN TO THE EVENING.

ISAIAH lxiii. 1-8.

ON RECOLLECTION.

ON IMAGINATION.

A FUNERAL POEM ON THE DEATH OF C. E. AN INFANT OF TWELVE MONTHS.

TO CAPTAIN H———D, OF THE 65TH REGIMENT.

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM, EARL OF DARTMOUTH

O D E  T O  N E P T U N E.

TO A LADY ON HER COMING TO NORTH-AMERICA WITH HER SON, FOR THE RECOVERY OF HER HEALTH.

TO A LADY ON HER REMARKABLE PRESERVATION IN AN HURRICANE IN NORTH-CAROLINA.

TO A LADY AND HER CHILDREN, ON THE DEATH OF HER SON AND THEIR BROTHER.

TO A GENTLEMAN AND LADY ON THE DEATH OF THE LADY’S BROTHER AND SISTER, AND A CHILD OF THE NAME OF AVIS, AGED ONE YEAR.

ON THE DEATH OF DR. SAMUEL MARSHALL. 1771.

TO A GENTLEMAN ON HIS VOYAGE TO GREAT-BRITAIN FOR THE RECOVERY OF HIS HEALTH.

TO THE REV. DR. THOMAS AMORY, ON READING HIS SERMONS ON DAILY DEVOTION, IN WHICH THAT DUTY IS RECOMMENDED AND ASSISTED.

ON THE DEATH OF J. C. AN INFANT.

AN  H Y M N  TO  H U M A N I T Y. TO S. P. G. ESQ;

TO THE HONOURABLE T. H. ESQ; ON THE DEATH OF HIS DAUGHTER.

NIOBE IN DISTRESS FOR HER CHILDREN SLAIN BY APOLLO, FROM OVID’S METAMORPHOSES, BOOK VI. AND FROM A VIEW OF THE PAINTING OF MR. RICHARD WILSON.

TO S. M. A YOUNG AFRICAN PAINTER, ON SEEING HIS WORKS.

TO HIS HONOUR THE LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, ON THE DEATH OF HIS LADY. MARCH 24, 1773.

A FAREWEL TO AMERICA. TO MRS. S. W.

A REBUS, BY I. B.

AN ANSWER TO THE REBUS, BY THE AUTHOR OF THESE POEMS.

NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

AN AMERICAN SLAVE. WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.

CONTENTS

PREFACE

LETTER FROM WENDELL PHILLIPS, ESQ.

FREDERICK DOUGLASS.

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

APPENDIX

A PARODY

ADDITIONAL PROJECT GUTENBERG

COLLECTED ARTICLES

By Frederick Douglass

CONTENTS

MY ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY

RECONSTRUCTION

MY BONDAGE and MY FREEDOM

By Frederick Douglass

CONTENTS

MY BONDAGE and MY FREEDOM

EDITOR’S PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. Childhood

CHAPTER II. Removed from My First Home

CHAPTER III. Parentage

CHAPTER IV. A General Survey of the Slave Plantation

CHAPTER V. Gradual Initiation to the Mysteries of Slavery

CHAPTER VI. Treatment of Slaves on Lloyd’s Plantation

CHAPTER VII. Life in the Great House

CHAPTER VIII. A Chapter of Horrors

CHAPTER IX. Personal Treatment

CHAPTER X. Life in Baltimore

CHAPTER XI. “A Change Came O’er the Spirit of My Dream”

CHAPTER XII. Religious Nature Awakened

CHAPTER XIII. The Vicissitudes of Slave Life

CHAPTER XIV. Experience in St. Michael’s

CHAPTER XV. Covey, the Negro Breaker

CHAPTER XVI. Another Pressure of the Tyrant’s Vice

CHAPTER XVII. The Last Flogging

CHAPTER XVIII. New Relations and Duties

CHAPTER XIX. The Run-Away Plot

CHAPTER XX. Apprenticeship Life

CHAPTER XXI. My Escape from Slavery

LIFE as a FREEMAN

CHAPTER XXII. Liberty Attained

CHAPTER XXIII. Introduced to the Abolitionists

CHAPTER XXIV. Twenty-One Months in Great Britain

CHAPTER XXV. Various Incidents

RECEPTION SPEECH [10]. At Finsbury Chapel, Moorfields, England, May 12,

Dr. Campbell’s Reply

LETTER TO HIS OLD MASTER. [11]. To My Old Master, Thomas Auld

THE NATURE OF SLAVERY. Extract from a Lecture on Slavery, at Rochester,

INHUMANITY OF SLAVERY. Extract from A Lecture on Slavery, at Rochester,

WHAT TO THE SLAVE IS THE FOURTH OF JULY?. Extract from an Oration, at

THE INTERNAL SLAVE TRADE. Extract from an Oration, at Rochester, July

THE SLAVERY PARTY. Extract from a Speech Delivered before the A. A. S.

THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT. Extracts from a Lecture before Various

FOOTNOTES

UP FROM SLAVERY: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

Preface

Introduction

UP FROM SLAVERY

Chapter I

A Slave Among Slaves

Chapter II

Boyhood Days

Chapter III

The Struggle For An Education

Chapter IV

Helping Others

Chapter V

The Reconstruction Period

Chapter VI

Black Race And Red Race

Chapter VII

Early Days At Tuskegee

Chapter VIII

Teaching School In A Stable And A Hen-House

Chapter IX

Anxious Days And Sleepless Nights

Chapter X

A Harder Task Than Making Bricks Without Straw

Chapter XI

Making Their Beds Before They Could Lie On Them

Chapter XII

Raising Money

Chapter XIII

Two Thousand Miles For A Five-Minute Speech

Chapter XIV

The Atlanta Exposition Address

Chapter XV

The Secret Of Success In Public Speaking

Chapter XVI

Europe

Chapter XVII

Last Words

THE NEGRO PROBLEM

By Booker T. Washington and Others

CONTENTS

I

Industrial Education for the Negro

Booker T. Washington

7

II

The Talented Tenth

W.E. Burghardt DuBois

31

III

The Disfranchisement of the Negro

Charles W. Chesnutt

77

IV

The Negro and the Law

Wilford H. Smith

125

V

The Characteristics of the Negro People

H.T. Kealing

161

VI

Representative American Negroes

Paul Laurence Dunbar

187

VII

The Negro's Place in American Life at the Present Day

T. Thomas Fortune

211

A NEGRO EXPLORER AT THE NORTH POLE

By Matthew A. Henson

With A Foreword By Robert E. Peary

Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Retired

And An Introduction By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

page

Foreword

v

Introduction

xv

CHAPTER I

The Early Years: Schoolboy, Cabin-Boy, Seaman, and Lieutenant Peary's Body-Servant—First Trips to the Arctic

1

CHAPTER II

Off for the Pole—How the Other Explorers Looked—The Lamb-Like Esquimos—Arrival at Etah

15

CHAPTER III

Finding of Rudolph Franke—Whitney Landed—Trading and Coaling—Fighting the Ice-packs

26

CHAPTER IV

Preparing for Winter at Cape Sheridan—The Arctic Library

35

CHAPTER V

Making Peary Sledges—Hunting in the Arctic Night—the Excitable Dogs and Their Habits

40

CHAPTER VI

The Peary Plan—a Rain of Rocks—My Friends, the Esquimos

46

CHAPTER VII

Sledging to Cape Columbia—Hot Soldering in Cold Weather

52

CHAPTER VIII

In Camp at Columbia—Literary Igloos—The Magnificent Desolation of the Arctic

62

CHAPTER IX

Ready for the Dash to the Pole—The Commander's Arrival

70

CHAPTER X

Forward! March!

75

CHAPTER XI

Fighting up the Polar Sea—Held up by the "Big Lead"

78

CHAPTER XII

Pioneering the Way—Breaking Sledges

93

CHAPTER XIII

The Supporting-Parties Begin to Turn Back

103

CHAPTER XIV

Bartlett's Farthest North—His Quiet Good-By

116

CHAPTER XV

The Pole!

127

CHAPTER XVI

The Fast Trek Back to Land

140

CHAPTER XVII

Safe on the Roosevelt—Poor Marvin

145

CHAPTER XVIII

After Musk-Oxen—The Doctor's Scientific Expedition

153

CHAPTER XIX

The Roosevelt Starts for Home—Esquimo Villages—New Dogs and New Dog Fights

161

CHAPTER XX

Two Narrow Escapes—Arrival at Etah—Harry Whitney—Dr. Cook's Claims

170

CHAPTER XXI

Etah to New York—Coming of Mail and Reporters—Home!

180

Appendix I—Notes on the Esquimos

189

Appendix II—List of Smith Sound Esquimos

196

ILLUSTRATIONS

matthew a. henson

Frontispiece

nothing

facing

page

robert e. peary in his north pole furs

76

the four north pole esquimos

77

camp morris k. jesup at the north pole

122

matthew a. henson immediately after the sledge journey to the pole and back

123

the "roosevelt" in winter quarters at cape sheridan

138

matthew a. henson in his north pole furs, taken after his return to civilization

139

THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

Chapter I.

Page 3

First appearance of Negroes in America—Rapid increase—Conditions during Civil War—During the reconstruction.

Chapter II.

Page 16

Responsibility of the whole country for the Negro—Progress in the past—Same methods of education do not fit all cases—Proved in the case of the Southern Negro—Illustrations—Lack of money—Comparison between outlay for schools North and South—Duty of North to South.

Chapter III.

Page 42

Decadence of Southern plantation—Demoralization of Negroes natural—No home life before the war—Too much classical education at the start—Lack of practical training—Illustrations—The well-trained slaves now dead—Former plantations as industrial schools—The decayed plantation built up by a former slave—Misunderstanding of industrial education.

Chapter IV.

Page 67

The Negroes' proper use of education—Hayti, Santo Domingo, and Liberia as illustrations of the lack of practical training—Present necessity for union of all forces to further the cause of industrial education—Industrial education not opposed to the higher education—Results of practical training so far—Little or no prejudice against capable Negroes in business in the South—The Negro at first shunned labor as degrading—Hampton and Tuskegee aim to remove this feeling—The South does not oppose industrial education for the Negroes—Address to Tuskegee students setting forth the necessity of steadfastness of purpose.

Chapter V.

Page 106

The author's early life—At Hampton—The inception of the Tuskegee School in 1881—Its growth—Scope—Size at present—Expenses—Purposes—Methods—Building of the chapel—Work of the graduates—Similar schools beginning throughout the South—Tuskegee Negro Conference—The Workers' Conference—Tuskegee as a trainer of teachers.

Chapter VI.

Page 127

The Negro race in politics—Its patriotic zeal in 1776—In 1814—In the Civil War—In the Spanish War—Politics attempted too soon after freedom—Poor leaders—Two parties in the South, the blacks' and the whites'—Not necessarily opposed in interests—The Negro should give up no rights—The same tests for the restriction of the franchise should be applied alike to both blacks and whites—This is not the case—Education and the franchise—The whites must help the blacks to pure votes—Rioting and lynching only to be stopped by mutual confidence.

Chapter VII.

Page 157

Difficulty of fusion—Africa impossible as a refuge because already completely claimed by other nations—Comparison of Negro race with white—Physical condition of the Negro—Present lack of ability to organize—Weaknesses—Ability to work—Trustworthiness—Desire to rise—Obstructions put in the way of Negroes' advancement—Results of oppression—Necessity for encouragement and self-respect—Comparison of Negroes' position and that of the Jews—Lynching—Non-interference of the North—Increase of lynching—Statistics of numbers, races, places, causes of violence—Uselessness of lynching in preventing crime—Fairness in carrying out the laws—Increase of crime among the Negroes—Reason for it—Responsibility of both races.

Chapter VIII.

Page 200

Population—Emigration to the North—Morality North and South—Dangers: 1. incendiary advice; 2. mob violence; 3. discouragement; 4. newspaper exaggeration; 5. lack of education; 6. bad legislation—Negroes must identify with best interests of the South—Unwise missionary work—Wise missionary work—Opportunity for industrial education—The good standing of business-educated Negroes in the South—Religion and morality—Justice and appreciation coming for the Negro race as it proves itself worthy.

TUSKEGEE AND ITS PEOPLE

By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

PAGE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1

By Booker T. Washington.

PART I

THE SCHOOL AND ITS PURPOSES

I.—PRESENT ACHIEVEMENTS AND GOVERNING IDEALS

19

By Emmett J. Scott, Mr. Washington's Executive Secretary.

II.—RESOURCES AND MATERIAL EQUIPMENT

35

By Warren Logan, Treasurer of the School.

III.—THE ACADEMIC AIMS

56

By Roscoe C. Bruce, Director of the Academic Department.

IV.—WHAT GIRLS ARE TAUGHT, AND HOW

68

By Mrs. Booker T. Washington, Director of Industries for Girls.

V.—HAMPTON INSTITUTE'S RELATION TO TUSKEGEE

87

By Robert R. Moton.

PART II

AUTOBIOGRAPHIES BY GRADUATES OF THE SCHOOL

I.—A COLLEGE PRESIDENT'S STORY

101

By Isaac Fisher, of Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

II.—A SCHOOL PRINCIPAL'S STORY

111

By William H. Holtzclaw, of Utica, Mississippi.

III.—A LAWYER'S STORY

141

By George W. Lovejoy, of Mobile, Alabama.

IV.—A SCHOOL TREASURER'S STORY

152

By Martin A. Menafee, of Denmark, South Carolina.

V.—THE STORY OF A FARMER

164

By Frank Reid, of Dawkins, Alabama.

VI.—THE STORY OF A CARPENTER

173

By Gabriel B. Miller, of Fort Valley, Georgia.

VII.—COTTON-GROWING IN AFRICA

184

By John W. Robinson, of Lome, Togo, West Africa.

VIII.—THE STORY OF A TEACHER OF COOKING

200

By Mary L. Dotson, of Tuskegee Institute, Alabama.

IX.—A WOMAN'S WORK

211

By Cornelia Bowen, of Waugh (Mt. Meigs), Alabama.

X.—UPLIFTING OF THE SUBMERGED MASSES

224

By W. J. Edwards, of Snow Hill, Alabama.

XI.—A DAIRYMAN'S STORY

253

By Lewis A. Smith, of Rockford, Illinois.

XII.—THE STORY OF A WHEELWRIGHT

264

By Edward Lomax, of Tuskegee Institute, Alabama.

XIII.—THE STORY OF A BLACKSMITH

276

By Jubie B. Bragg, of Tallahassee, Florida.

XIV.—A DRUGGIST'S STORY

285

By David L. Johnston, of Birmingham, Alabama.

XV.—THE STORY OF A SUPERVISOR OF MECHANICAL INDUSTRIES

299

By James M. Canty, of Institute P. O., West Virginia.

XVI.—A NEGRO COMMUNITY BUILDER

317

By Russell C. Calhoun, of Eatonville, Florida.

XVII.—THE EVOLUTION OF A SHOEMAKER

338

By Charles L. Marshall, of Cambria, Virginia.

ILLUSTRATIONS

FACING

PAGE

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

Frontispiece

EMMETT J. SCOTT

20

Mr. Washington's Executive Secretary.

THE COLLIS P. HUNTINGTON MEMORIAL BUILDING

26

WARREN LOGAN

36

Treasurer of the School

THE OFFICE BUILDING IN PROCESS OF ERECTION

50

Student carpenters shown at work.

ROSCOE C. BRUCE

56

Director of the Academic Department.

A PORTION OF THE SCHOOL GROUNDS

64

ANOTHER PORTION OF THE SCHOOL GROUNDS

66

MRS. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

68

Director of Industries for Girls.

A CLASS IN MILLINERY

76

THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

94

Standing, left to right: P. C. Parks, Superintendent of Farm; George

W. Carver, Director, Agricultural Department; J. N. Calloway,

Land Extension; John H. Palmer, Registrar; Charles H. Gibson,

Resident Auditor; Edgar J. Penney, Chaplain.

Seated, left to right: Lloyd G. Wheeler, Business Agent; Robert R.

Taylor, Director of Mechanical Industries; John H. Washington,

General Superintendent of Industries; Warren Logan, Treasurer;

Booker T. Washington, Principal; Miss Jane E. Clark, Dean of

Woman's Department; Mrs. Booker T. Washington, Director of Industries

for Girls; and Emmett J. Scott, Secretary to the Principal.

The Director of the Academic Department, Roscoe C. Bruce, and the

Commandant of Cadets, Major J. B. Ramsey, also members of

the Executive Council, were absent when photograph was taken.

THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY BUILDING

108

MORNING AT THE BARNS ON THE SCHOOL FARM

122

Teams of horses and cattle ready to start for the day's work.

STUDENTS PRUNING PEACH-TREES

146

A SILO ON THE FARM

166

Students filling it with fodder corn, steam-power being used.

A MODEL DINING-ROOM

208

From the department where table-service is taught.

THE CULTURE OF BEES

220

Students at work in the apiary.

IN THE DAIRY

254

Students using separators.

STUDENTS AT WORK IN THE HARNESS SHOP

270

AT THE HOSPITAL

294

A corner in the boys' ward.

IN THE TIN SHOP

300

STUDENTS CANNING FRUIT

308

STARTING A NEW BUILDING

314

Student masons laying the foundation in brick.

GIRLS GARDENING

344

SHADOW and LIGHT

AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

With Reminiscences Of The Last And Present Century.

By Mifflin Wistar Gibbs

With An Introduction By Booker T. Washington

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

3

Parents, School and Teacher—Foundation of the Negroes' Mechanical Knowledge—First Brick A. M. E. Church—Bishop Allen—Olive Cemetery—Harriet Smith Home—"Underground Railroad"—Incidents on the Road—William and Ellen Craft—William Box Brown.

CHAPTER II

15

Nat Turner's Insurrection—Experience on a Maryland Plantation—First Street Cars in Philadelphia—Anti-Slavery Meetings—Amusing Incidents—Opposition of Negro Churches—Kossuth Celebration, and the Unwelcome Guest.

CHAPTER III

29

Cinguez, the Hero of Armistead Captives—The Threshold of Man's Estate—My First Lecturing Tour with Frederic Douglass—His "Life and Times"—Pen Picture of George William Curtis of Ante-Bellum Conditions—Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lucretia Mott, and Frances E. Harper, a Noble Band of Women—"Go Do Some Great Thing"—Journey to California—Incidents at Panama.

CHAPTER IV

40

Arrival at San Francisco—Getting Domiciled and Seeking Work—Strike of White Employees—Lester & Gibbs, Importers—Assaulted in Our Store—First Protest from the Colored Men of California—Poll Tax.

CHAPTER V

51

"Vigilance Committee" and Lynch Law at "Fort Gunny"—Murder of James King, of William—A Paradox to Present Conditions.

CHAPTER VI

59

Gold Discovery in British Columbia—Incidents on Shipboard and Arrival at Victoria—National Unrest in 1859—"Irrepressible Conflict"—Garrison and Douglass—Harriet Beecher Stowe and Frances Ellen Harper—John Brown of Harper's Ferry—"Fugitive Slave Law"—Flight to Canada.

CHAPTER VII

74

Abraham Lincoln President—Rebellion Inaugurated—Success of the Union Army—Re-Election of Lincoln—Bravery and Endurance of Negro Soldiers—Assassination of Lincoln—Lynching Denounced by Southern Governors and Statesmen—Words of Wisdom from St. Pierre de Couberton.

CHAPTER VIII

85

My First Entry Into Political Life—Intricacies of the Ballot—Number of Negro Schools, Pupils and Amount of School Property in 1898—Amendment to Constitution and Interview with Vice-President Schuyler Colfax at Victoria, B. C.—William Lloyd Garrison, Jr., and James Russell Lowell on the Right to Vote.

CHAPTER IX

93

Philip A. Bell, a Veteran Editor of the "Negro Press"—British Columbia, Its Early History, Efforts for Annexation to the United States—Meeting with Lady Franklin, Widow of Sir John Franklin, the Arctic Explorer, in 1859—Union of British Columbia with the Dominion of Canada in 1868, the Political Issue—Queen Charlotte Island—Anthracite Coal Company—Director, Contractor and Shipper of First Cargo of Anthracite Coal on the Pacific Coast—Indians and Their Peculiarities.

CHAPTER X

107

An Incident of Peril—My Return to the United States in 1869—Thoughts and Feelings En Route—Entered Oberlin Law College and Graduated—Visit to my Brother, J. C. Gibbs, Secretary of State of Florida—A Delegate to the National Convention of Colored Men at Charleston, S. C.—"Gratitude Expensive"—The Trend of Republican Leaders—Contribution of Southern White People for Negro Education—Views of a Leading Democrat.

CHAPTER XI

122

President of National Convention at Nashville, Tenn., in 1876—Pen and Ink Sketch by H. V. Redfield of "Cincinnati Commercial"—Colored Leaders Desire to Fraternize for Race Protection—William H. Grey, H. B. Robinson, and J. H. Johnson, of Arkansas, Leaders and Planters—My Arrival at Little Rock, May, 1871—Reading of Local Statutes in the Law Office of Benjamin & Barnes—"Wheeler & Gibbs," Attorneys-at-Law.

CHAPTER XII

134

Politics and Politicians—Disruption of the Republicans in Arkansas—"Minstrels and Brindle Tails"—Early Canvassing in the South, with Its Peculiarities—Ku Klux Visits—My Appointment as County Attorney and Election as Municipal Judge—Hon. John Allen, of Mississippi, His Descriptive Anecdote.

CHAPTER XIII

145

Lowering Cloud on Righteous Rule—Comparison of Negro Progress—Sir Walter Scott in His Notes on English History—George C. Lorimer, a Noted Divine—Educational Solution of the Race Problem—Baron Russell, Lord Chief Justice of England—Civil War in Arkansas—Expulsion of Governor Baxter and Instalment of Governor Brooks at the State Houses—Stirring Episodes—"Who Shall Bell the Cat?"—Extraordinary Session of the Legislature—My Issue of a Search Warrant for the Seal of the State—Recognition of Baxter by the President.

CHAPTER XIV

158

Arkansas Constitutional Convention and New Constitution Adopted—Augustus H. Garland Elected Governor—My Letter from Madagascar on Learning of His Demise—General Grant's Nomination in 1872 at the Academy of Music, Philadelphia—Oliver P. Morton, of Indiana—William H. Gray, of Arkansas—R. B. Elliot, of South Carolina—"Henry at Ajincourt"—Study of Obsolete Languages Versus Industrial Education—Views of Lord Rosebery, ex-Premier of England—Also of Washington Post—United States Have Supreme Advantages for the Negro.

CHAPTER XV

173

Presidential Elector in 1876, Receiving the Highest Vote—President Hayes, His Yearnings and Accomplishments—Protest Against Lawlessness by the Negroes in State Conventions—Negro Exodus from the Southern to the Western States in 1878—Secretary William Windom's Letter—Hon J. C. Rapier, of Alabama, and Myself Appointed by Secretary Windom to Visit Western States and Report.

CHAPTER XVI

185

Appointed by the President in 1877 Register of U. S. Lands—Robert J. Ingersoll on the Benignity of Homestead Law—General Grant's Tour Around the World and His Arrival at Little Rock, 1879—A Guest at the Banquet Given Him—Response to the Toast, "The Possibilities of American Citizenship"—Roscoe Conkling's Speech Nominating General Grant for Third Term—Bronze Medal as one of the Historic "306" at the National Convention of 1880—The Manner of General Grant's Defeat for Nomination and Garfield's Success—Character Sketches of Hon. James G. Blaine, Ingersoll's Mailed Warrior and Plumed Knight—Hon Grover Cleveland.

CHAPTER XVII

195

Honorary Commissioner for the Colored Exhibits of the World's Exposition at New Orleans, La.—Neglected Opportunities—Important Factors Necessary to Recognition.

CHAPTER XVIII

201

Effort of Henry Brown, of Oberlin, Ohio, to Establish "Schools of Trade"—Call for a Conference of Leading Colored Men in 1885—Industrial Fair at Pine Bluff, Ark.—Captain Thompson, of the "Capital Guards," a Colored Military Company—Meeting of Prominent Leaders at New Orleans—The Late N. W. Cuney, of Texas—Contented Benefactions from Christian Churches.

CHAPTER XIX

215

The Reunion of General Grant's "306"—Ferdinand Havis, of Pine Bluff—Compromise and Disfranchisement—Progress of the Negro—"Decoration Day"—My Letter to the "Gazette"—Commission to Sell Lots of the Hot Springs Reservation—Twelve Years in the Land Service of the United States.

CHAPTER XX

223

My Appointment as U. S. Consul to Tamatave, Madagascar—My Arrival in France En Route to Paris—Called on Ambassador Porter and Consul Gowdy Relative to My "Exequator"—Visited the Louvre, the Famous Gallery of Paintings—"Follies Bergere," or Variety Theater—The "Dome des Invalids" or the Tomb of the Great Napoleon—Mrs. Mason, of Arkansas and Washington, in Paris—Marseilles and "Hotel du Louvre"—Embarkation on French Ship "Pie Ho" for Madagascar—Scenes and Incidents En Route—"Port Said"—Visit to the "Mosque," Mohammedan Place of Worship.

CHAPTER XXI

236

Suez Canal—The Red Sea—Pharaoh and His Hosts—Their Waterloo—Children of Israel—Travel by Sea—Arrival and Landing at Madagascar—Bubonic Plague—My Letter From Madagascar.

CHAPTER XXII

250

Island of Madagascar—Origin and Character of the Inhabitants—Their Religion and Superstitions—Physical Appearance of Madagascar—A Word Painting of Antananarivo, the Capital, by Cameron—Forms of Government—Queens of Madagascar—Slavery and Forced Labor.

CHAPTER XXIII

265

Introduction of the Christian Religion—Printing the Bible, Edict by Queen Ranavalona Against It—The New Religion "a Cloth of a Pattern She Did Not Like"—Asked the Missionaries, "Can You Make Soap?"—"Dark Days"—Persecutions and Executions for a Quarter of a Century—Examples of Christian Martyrs—Death of Queen Ranavalona—Permanent Establishment of the Christian Religion—Self-denial and Heroic Service of the Roman Catholics—Native Race Protection Committee—Forced Labor Abolished.

CHAPTER XXIV

282

Cuba and the Philippines—Their Acquisition Under the Plea of Relief From Spanish Misrule—Aguinaldo, Leader of the Filipinos—The Fidelity and Bravery of the American Negro in the Spanish War—Attestation by Many Witnesses—Industrial Education—Othello's Occupation Gone When Polls are Closed.

CHAPTER XXV

298

Opposition Possibly Beneficent—President McKinley's Order for Enlistment of Colored Soldiers—General Grosvenor's Tribute—Fifteen Thousand in the Spanish War—U. S. Supreme Court vs. The Negro—The Basis of Congressional Representation.

CHAPTER XXVI

306

Departure from Madagascar—Memories—Governor General's Farewell Letter—Madagascar Branch of the Smithsonian Institute—Wild Animals, a Consul's Burden—Descriptive Letter to State Department.

CHAPTER XXVII

312

Leave-taking, its Jollity and Sadness—Arrival at Camp Aden, Arabia—An Elysium for the Toper—Whisky Was Plenty, But the Water Was Out—Pleasant Visit to U. S. Consul Cunningham, of Knoxville, Tenn.—Arrival at Suez—My Visit to the U. S. Cruiser "New York"—The Urbanity of Captain Rogers—Suez Canal—Port Said—"Mal de Mer"—Marseilles to Paris—Across the English Channel to London.

CHAPTER XXVIII

320

My First Visit to the Land of Wilberforce and Clarkson—Excursion on the Thames—Bank of England—Visited Towers of London—Beauchamp Tower With Its Sad Inscriptions—Arrival at New York—National Negro Business Men's League Convention at Chicago—Booker T. Washington President—Many Talented Business Men in Attendance.

CHAPTER XXIX

327

Visit to President McKinley at Canton, Ohio—His Assassination at Buffalo—The Assassin Struck Down by James Parker—President's Death—The Nation in Tears—A Christian Statesman—A Lover of Justice—Crucial Epochs of Our Country's History, the Negro at the Fore.

CHAPTER XXX

336

President Roosevelt—His Imperial Honesty—Ex-Governor Jones, of Alabama—Advance of Justice in Our Country—Status a Half-Century Ago—Theodore Parker's Arraignment—Eulogy by Ralph Waldo Emerson.

CHAPTER XXXI

343

Booker T. Washington a Guest at the White House—Northern and Southern Press Comments—The Latter Not Typical of the Best Element of Southern Opinion.

CHAPTER XXXII

361

Washington City, the American Mecca—Ante-room at the White House—The Diary of an Office Seeker—William, the Innocent—William, the Croker—Colored People of the District of Columbia—Colored Press of the District.

CHAPTER XXXIII

269

Howard University—Public Schools—R. H. Terrell Appointed to a Judgship of the District—Unlettered Pioneers—Conclusions.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

1. M. W. Gibbs

Front.

2. Richard Allen

8

3. Wm. Lloyd Garrison

18

4. Frederick Douglass

32

5. Booker T. Washington

44

6. H. M. Turner

50

7. Geo. H. White

58

8. J. M. Langston

70

9. Abraham Lincoln

74

10. W. B. Derrick

80

11. Alexander Walters

92

12. H. P. Cheatham

104

13. Edward E. Cooper

118

14. Judson Lyons

128

15. Powell Clayton

140

16. P. B. S. Pinchback

149

17. A. H. Garland

158

18. J. A. Booker

172

19. I. G Ish

175

20. J. P. Green

183

21. P. L. Dunbar

199

22. B. K. Bruce

204

23. T. T. Fortune

210

24. W. A. Pledger

220

25. John C. Dancy

228

26. Abram Grant

253

27. J. E. Bush

263

28. J. P. Robinson

272

29. Martyrs

274

30. Chester W. Keatts

284

31. J. T. Settle

294

32. Justice Harlan

302

33. Charles W. Chestnut

312

34. William McKinley

327

35. James B. Parker

331

36. President Roosevelt

336

37. Secretary Cortelyou

341

38. W. Calvin Chase

367

39. R. H. Terrill

370

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

Being the William Levi Bull

Lectures for the Year 1907

By Booker T. Washington And W.E. Burghardt Dubois

CONTENTS

I.

The Economic Development of the Negro Race in Slavery

By Booker T. Washington

7

II.

The Economic Development of the Negro Race since its Emancipation

By Booker T. Washington

43

III.

The Economic Revolution in the South

By W.E. Burghardt DuBois

77

IV.

Religion in the South

By W.E. Burghardt DuBois

123

Notes to Chapters III and IV

193

THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK

By W.E.B. Du Bois

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

The Forethought

I.

Of Our Spiritual Strivings

II.

Of the Dawn of Freedom

III.

Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others

IV.

Of the Meaning of Progress

V.

Of the Wings of Atalanta

VI.

Of the Training of Black Men

VII.

Of the Black Belt

VIII.

Of the Quest of the Golden Fleece

IX.

Of the Sons of Master and Man

X.

Of the Faith of the Fathers

XI.

Of the Passing of the First-Born

XII.

Of Alexander Crummell

XIII.

Of the Coming of John

XIV.

Of the Sorrow Songs

The Afterthought

DARKWATER

Voices from within the Veil

By W.E.B. Du Bois

CONTENTS

POSTSCRIPT

Credo

I

THE SHADOW OF YEAR

A Litany at Atlanta

II

THE SOULS OF WHITE FOLK

The Riddle of the Sphinx

III

THE HANDS OF ETHIOPIA

The Princess of the Hither Isles

IV

OF WORK AND WEALTH

The Second Coming

V

"THE SERVANT IN THE HOUSE"

Jesus Christ in Texas

VI

OF THE RULING OF MEN

The Call

VII

THE DAMNATION OF WOMEN

Children of the Moon

VIII

THE IMMORTAL CHILD

Almighty Death

IX

OF BEAUTY AND DEATH

The Prayers of God

X

THE COMET

A Hymn to the Peoples

THE QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE

By W.E.B. Du Bois

1911

CONTENTS

Note from the Author

One

DREAMS

Two

THE SCHOOL

Three

MISS MARY TAYLOR

Four

TOWN

Five

ZORA

Six

COTTON

Seven

THE PLACE OF DREAMS

Eight

MR. HARRY CRESSWELL

Nine

THE PLANTING

Ten

MR. TAYLOR CALLS

Eleven

THE FLOWERING OF THE FLEECE

Twelve

THE PROMISE

Thirteen

MRS. GREY GIVES A DINNER

Fourteen

LOVE

Fifteen

REVELATION

Sixteen

THE GREAT REFUSAL

Seventeen

THE RAPE OF THE FLEECE

Eighteen

THE COTTON CORNER

Nineteen

THE DYING OF ELSPETH

Twenty

THE WEAVING OF THE SILVER FLEECE

Twenty-one

THE MARRIAGE MORNING

Twenty-two

MISS CAROLINE WYNN

Twenty-three

THE TRAINING OF ZORA

Twenty-four

THE EDUCATION OF ALWYN

Twenty-five

THE CAMPAIGN

Twenty-six

CONGRESSMAN CRESSWEL

Twenty-seven

THE VISION OF ZORA

Twenty-eight

THE ANNUNCIATION

Twenty-nine

A MASTER OF FATE

Thirty

THE RETURN OF ZORA

Thirty-one

A PARTING OF WAYS

Thirty-two

ZORA'S WAY

Thirty-three

THE BUYING OF THE SWAMP

Thirty-four

THE RETURN OF ALWYN

Thirty-five

THE COTTON MILL

Thirty-six

THE LAND

Thirty-seven

THE MOB

Thirty-eight

ATONEMENT

THE NEGRO

By W.E.B. Du Bois

CONTENTS

I

AFRICA

II

THE COMING OF BLACK MEN

III

ETHIOPIA AND EGYPT

IV

THE NIGER AND ISLAM

V

GUINEA AND CONGO

VI

THE GREAT LAKES AND ZYMBABWE

VII

THE WAR OF RACES AT LAND'S END

VIII

AFRICAN CULTURE

IX

THE TRADE IN MEN

X

THE WEST INDIES AND LATIN AMERICA

XI

THE NEGRO IN THE UNITED STATES

XII

THE NEGRO PROBLEMS

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

MAPS

The Physical Geography of Africa

Ancient Kingdoms of Africa

Races in Africa

Distribution of Negro Blood, Ancient and Modern

THE SUPPRESSION OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE

TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1638-1870

Volume I, Harvard Historical Studies

1896

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

Introductory

1.

Plan of the Monograph

9

2.

The Rise of the English Slave-Trade

9

CHAPTER II

The Planting Colonies

3.

Character of these Colonies

15

4.

Restrictions in Georgia

15

5.

Restrictions in South Carolina

16

6.

Restrictions in North Carolina

19

7.

Restrictions in Virginia

19

8.

Restrictions in Maryland

22

9.

General Character of these Restrictions

23

CHAPTER III

The Farming Colonies

10.

Character of these Colonies

24

11.

The Dutch Slave-Trade

24

12.

Restrictions in New York

25

13.

Restrictions in Pennsylvania and Delaware

28

14.

Restrictions in New Jersey

32

15.

General Character of these Restrictions

33

CHAPTER IV

The Trading Colonies

16.

Character of these Colonies

34

17.

New England and the Slave-Trade

34

18.

Restrictions in New Hampshire

36

19.

Restrictions in Massachusetts

37

20.

Restrictions in Rhode Island

40

21.

Restrictions in Connecticut

43

22.

General Character of these Restrictions

44

CHAPTER V

The Period of the Revolution, 1774–1787

23.

The Situation in 1774

45

24.

The Condition of the Slave-Trade

46

25.

The Slave-Trade and the "Association"

47

26.

The Action of the Colonies

48

27.

The Action of the Continental Congress

49

28.

Reception of the Slave-Trade Resolution

51

29.

Results of the Resolution

52

30.

The Slave-Trade and Public Opinion after the War

53

31.

The Action of the Confederation

56

CHAPTER VI

The Federal Convention, 1787

32.

The First Proposition

58

33.

The General Debate

59

34.

The Special Committee and the "Bargain"

62

35.

The Appeal to the Convention

64

36.

Settlement by the Convention

66

37.

Reception of the Clause by the Nation

67

38.

Attitude of the State Conventions

70

39.

Acceptance of the Policy

72

CHAPTER VII

Toussaint L'Ouverture and Anti-Slavery Effort, 1787–1807

40.

Influence of the Haytian Revolution

74

41.

Legislation of the Southern States

75

42.

Legislation of the Border States

76

43.

Legislation of the Eastern States

76

44.

First Debate in Congress, 1789

77

45.

Second Debate in Congress, 1790

79

46.

The Declaration of Powers, 1790

82

47.

The Act of 1794

83

48.

The Act of 1800

85

49.

The Act of 1803

87

50.

State of the Slave-Trade from 1789 to 1803

88

51.

The South Carolina Repeal of 1803

89

52.

The Louisiana Slave-Trade, 1803–1805

91

53.

Last Attempts at Taxation, 1805–1806

94

54.

Key-Note of the Period

96

CHAPTER VIII

The Period of Attempted Suppression, 1807–1825

55.

The Act of 1807

97

56.

The First Question: How shall illegally imported Africans be disposed of?

99

57.

The Second Question: How shall Violations be punished?

104

58.

The Third Question: How shall the Interstate Coastwise Slave-Trade be protected?

106

59.

Legislative History of the Bill

107

60.

Enforcement of the Act

111

61.

Evidence of the Continuance of the Trade

112

62.

Apathy of the Federal Government

115

63.

Typical Cases

120

64.

The Supplementary Acts, 1818–1820

121

65.

Enforcement of the Supplementary Acts,1818–1825

126

CHAPTER IX

The International Status of the Slave-Trade, 1783–1862

66.

The Rise of the Movement against the Slave-Trade,1788–1807

133

67.

Concerted Action of the Powers, 1783–1814

134

68.

Action of the Powers from 1814 to 1820

136

69.

The Struggle for an International Right of Search, 1820–1840

137

70.

Negotiations of 1823–1825

140

71.

The Attitude of the United States and the State of the Slave-Trade

142

72.

The Quintuple Treaty, 1839–1842

145

73.

Final Concerted Measures, 1842–1862

148

CHAPTER X

The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom, 1820–1850

74.

The Economic Revolution

152

75.

The Attitude of the South

154

76.

The Attitude of the North and Congress

156

77.

Imperfect Application of the Laws

159

78.

Responsibility of the Government

161

79.

Activity of the Slave-Trade,1820–1850

163

CHAPTER XI

The Final Crisis, 1850–1870

80.

The Movement against the Slave-Trade Laws

168

81.

Commercial Conventions of 1855–1856

169

82.

Commercial Conventions of 1857–1858

170

83.

Commercial Convention of 1859

172

84.

Public Opinion in the South

173

85.

The Question in Congress

174

86.

Southern Policy in 1860

176

87.

Increase of the Slave-Trade from 1850 to 1860

178

88.

Notorious Infractions of the Laws

179

89.

Apathy of the Federal Government

182

90.

Attitude of the Southern Confederacy

187

91.

Attitude of the United States

190

CHAPTER XII

The Essentials in the Struggle

92.

How the Question Arose

193

93.

The Moral Movement

194

94.

The Political Movement

195

95.

The Economic Movement

195

96.

The Lesson for Americans

196

APPENDICES

A.

A Chronological Conspectus of Colonial and State Legislation restricting the African Slave-Trade, 1641–1787

199

B.

A Chronological Conspectus of State, National, and International Legislation, 1788–1871

234

C.

Typical Cases of Vessels engaged in the American Slave-Trade, 1619–1864

306

D.

Bibliography

316

INDEX

347

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

Being the William Levi Bull

Lectures for the Year 1907

By Booker T. Washington

Of the Tuskeegee Normal and Industrial Institute

and

W.E. Burghardt Dubois

Of the Atlanta University

CONTENTS

I.

The Economic Development of the Negro Race in Slavery

By Booker T. Washington

7

II.

The Economic Development of the Negro Race since its Emancipation

By Booker T. Washington

43

III.

The Economic Revolution in the South

By W.E. Burghardt DuBois

77

IV.

Religion in the South

By W.E. Burghardt DuBois

123

Notes to Chapters III and IV

193

OUR WORLD:

OR, THE SLAVEHOLDER'S DAUGHTER.

By F. Colburn Adams

1855.

CONTENTS

PREFACE.

CHAPTER I.

MARSTON'S PLANTATION.

CHAPTER II.

HOW A NIGHT WAS SPENT ON MARSTON'S PLANTATION.

CHAPTER III.

THINGS ARE NOT SO BRIGHT AS THEY SEEM.

CHAPTER IV.

AN UNEXPECTED CONFESSION.

CHAPTER V.

THE MAROONING PARTY.

CHAPTER VI.

ANOTHER SCENE IN SOUTHERN LIFE.

CHAPTER VII.

"BUCKRA-MAN VERY UNCERTAIN."

CHAPTER VIII.

A CLOUD OF MISFORTUNE HANGS OVER THE PLANTATION.

CHAPTER IX.

WHO IS SAFE AGAINST THE POWER?

CHAPTER X.

ANOTHER SHADE OF THE PICTURE.

CHAPTER XI.

MRS. ROSEBROOK'S PROJECT.

CHAPTER XII.

ELDER PEMBERTON PRAISEWORTHY CHANGES HIS BUSINESS.

CHAPTER XIII.

A FATHER TRIES TO BE A FATHER.

CHAPTER XIV.

IN WHICH THE EXTREMES ARE PRESENTED.

CHAPTER XV.

A SCENE OF MANY LIGHTS.

CHAPTER XVI.

ANOTHER PHASE OF THE PICTURE.

CHAPTER XVII.

PLEASANT DEALINGS WITH HUMAN PROPERTY.

CHAPTER XVIII.

A NOT UNCOMMON SCENE SLIGHTLY CHANGED.

CHAPTER XIX.

THEY ARE ALL GOING TO BE SOLD.

CHAPTER XX.

LET US FOLLOW POOR HUMAN NATURE TO THE MAN SHAMBLES.

CHAPTER XX.

A FATHER'S TRIALS.

CHAPTER XXI.

WE CHANGE WITH FORTUNE.

CHAPTER XXII.

THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.

CHAPTER XXIII.

HOW WE MANUFACTURE POLITICAL FAITH.

CHAPTER XXIV.

MR. M'FADDEN SEES SHADOWS IN THE FUTURE.

CHAPTER XXV.

HOW THEY STOLE THE PREACHER.

CHAPTER XXVI.

COMPETITION IN HUMAN THINGS.

CHAPTER XXVII.

THE PRETTY CHILDREN ARE TO BE SOLD.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

NATURE SHAMES ITSELF.

CHAPTER XXX.

THE VISION OF DEATH HAS PAST.

CHAPTER XXXI.

A FRIEND IS WOMAN.

CHAPTER XXXII.

MARSTON IN PRISON.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

VENDERS OF HUMAN PROPERTY ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS MENTAL CAPRICES.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

A COMMON INCIDENT SHORTLY TOLD.

CHAPTER XXXV.

THE CHILDREN ARE IMPROVING.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

WORKINGS OF THE SLAVE SYSTEM.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

AN ITEM IN THE COMMON CALENDAR.

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

IN WHICH REGRETS ARE SHOWN OF LITTLE WORTH.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

HOW WE SHOULD ALL BE FORGIVING.

CHAPTER XL.

CONTAINING VARIOUS MATTERS.

CHAPTER XLI.

NICHOLAS'S SIMPLE STORY.

CHAPTER XLII.

HE WOULD DELIVER HER FROM BONDAGE.

CHAPTER XLIII.

OTHER PHASES OF THE SUBJECT.

CHAPTER XLIV.

HOW DADDY BOB DEPARTED.

CHAPTER XLV.

HOW SLAVEHOLDERS FEAR EACH OTHER.

CHAPTER XLVI.

SOUTHERN ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE.

CHAPTER XLVII.

PROSPERITY THE RESULT OF JUSTICE.

CHAPTER XLVIII.

IN WHICH THE FATE OF FRANCONIA IS SEEN.

CHAPTER XLIX.

IN WHICH IS A SAD RECOGNITION.

CHAPTER L.

IN WHICH A DANGEROUS PRINCIPLE IS ILLUSTRATED.

CHAPTER LI.

A CONTINUATION OF THE LAST CHAPTER.

CHAPTER LII.

IN WHICH ARE PLEASURES AND DISAPPOINTMENTS.

CHAPTER LIII.

A FAMILIAR SCENE, IN WHICH PRINGLE BLOWERS HAS BUSINESS.

CHAPTER LIV.

IN WHICH ARE DISCOVERIES AND PLEASANT SCENES.

CHAPTER LV.

IN WHICH IS A HAPPY MEETING, SOME CURIOUS FACTS DEVELOPED, AND CLOTILDA'S HISTORY DISCLOSED.

CHAPTER LVI.

IN WHICH A PLOT IS DISCLOSED, AND THE MAN-SELLER MADE TO PAY THE PENALTY OF HIS CRIMES.

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOL. I., No. 1 JANUARY, 1916

Edited By Carter G. Woodson

CONTENTS

Carter G. Woodson: The Negroes of Cincinnati Prior to the Civil War W. B. Hartgrove: The Story of Maria Louise Moore and Fannie M. Richards Monroe N. Work: The Passing Tradition and the African Civilization A. O. Stafford: The Mind of the African Negro as reflected in his Proverbs Documents:

- What the Negro was thinking during the Eighteenth Century.

- Letters showing the Rise and Progress of the early Negro Churches of Georgia and The West Indies.

Reviews of Books
:

- Steward's Haitian Revolution;

- Cromwell's The Negro in American History;

- Ellis's Negro Culture in West Africa;

- and Woodson's The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861.

Notes

VOL. I., NO. 2, APRIL, 1916

CONTENTS

Kelly Miller: The Historic Background of the Negro Physician W. B. Hartgrove: The Negro Soldier in the American Revolution C. G. Woodson: Freedom and Slavery in Appalachian America A. O. Stafford: Antar, The Arabian Negro Warrior, Poet and Hero Documents:

- Eighteenth Century Slaves As Advertised By Their Masters;

- Learning a Modern Language;

- Learning to Read and Write;

- Educated Negroes;

- Slaves in Good Circumstances;

- Negroes Brought from The West Indies;

- Various Kinds of Servants;

- Negro Privateers and Soldiers Prior to The American Revolution;

- Relations Between the Slaves and the British During The Revolutionary War;

- Relations Between the Slaves And the French During The Colonial Wars;

- Colored Methodist Preachers Among the Slaves;

- Slaves in Other Professions;

- Close Relations of the Slaves and Indentured Servants.

Reviews of Books
:

- Dubois's The Negro;

- Roman's The American Civilization and the Negro;

- Henry's The Police Control of the Slave in South Carolina;

- Steward and Steward's Gouldtown.

Notes
How The Public Received The Journal Of Negro History Various Letters and Reviews

VOL. I., NO. 3, JUNE, 1916

CONTENTS

John H. Russell, Ph.D.: Colored Freemen as Slave Owners in Virginia John H. Paynter, A.M.: The Fugitives of the Pearl Benjamin Brawley: Lorenzo Dow Louis R. Mehlinger: The Attitude Of The Free Negro Toward African Colonization Documents:

- Transplanting Free Negroes to Ohio From 1815 to 1858:

- Blacks and Mulattoes,

- New Style Colonization,

- Freedom in a Free State,

- The Randolph Slaves,

- The Republic of Liberia.

- A Typical Colonization Convention:

- Convention of Free Colored People,

- Emigration of the Colored Race,

- Circular, Address to the Free Colored People of the State of Maryland,

- Proceedings of the Convention of Free Colored People of the State of Maryland

Reviews of Books
:

- Abel's The Slaveholding Indians. Volume I: As Slaveholder and Secessionist;

- George's The Political History of Slavery in the United States;

- Clark's The Constitutional Doctrines of Justice Harlan;

- Thompson's Reconstruction in Georgia, Economic, Social, Political, 1865--1872

Notes

VOL. I., NO. 4, OCTOBER, 1916

CONTENTS

C. E. Pierre: The Work of The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts among the Negroes in the Colonies Alice Dunbar-Nelson: People of Color in Louisiana, Part I William T. McKinney: The Defeat of the Secessionists in Kentucky in 1861 J. Kunst:

- Notes on Negroes in Guatemala During the Seventeenth Century;

- A Mulatto Corsair of the Sixteenth Century

Documents:

- Travelers' Impressions of Slavery in America from 1750 to 1800:

- Burnaby's View of the Situation in Virginia;

- General Treatment of Slaves Among the Albanians--Consequent Attachment of Domestics.--Reflections on Servitude by an American Lady;

- Impressions of an English Traveler;

- Abbé Robin on Conditions in Virginia;

- Observations of St. John De Crèvecoeur;

- Impressions of Johann D. Schoepf;

- Extracts from Anburey's Travels Through North America;

- Vindication of The Negroes: A Controversy;

- Sur L'état Général, Le Genre D'industrie, Les Moeurs, Le Caractère, Etc. Des Noirs, Dans Les États-unis;

- Slavery as Seen by Henry Wansey;

- Esclavage Par La Rochefoucauld-liancourt;

- Observations Sur L'esclavage Par La Rochefoucauld-liancourt;

- What Isaac Weld Observed in Slave States;

- John Davis's Thoughts on Slavery;

- Observations of Robert Sutcliff;

- Some Letters of Richard Allen and Absalom Jones to Dorothy Ripley;

- Letter from an African Minister, Resident in Philadelphia Addressed to Dorothy Ripley.

- Letter from an African, resident in Philadelphia, to Dorothy Ripley

Reviews of Books
:

- Clayton's The Aftermath of the Civil War, in Arkansas;

- Evans's Black and White in the Southern States;

- Sayers's Samuel Coleridge-Taylor--Musician. His Life and Letters;

- Bailey's Race Orthodoxy in the South and Other Aspects of the Negro Problem;

Notes

INDEX TO VOLUME I.

Abel, A. H. II, The Slaveholding Indians of, reviewed, 339

African Mind, The, 42

Aftermath of the Civil War, The, reviewed, 444

Albany,

a state convention of Colored people at, 293;

slavery at, 400

Allen, Richard, letter of, 436

American Colonization Society opposed by free Negroes, 276

American lady, an, on the treatment of slaves, 400

Anburey, travels through North America, quoted, 407

Anderson, Martha E., a teacher in Ohio, 19

Andrew, one of the first Negroes to teach in Charleston, 352

Angus, Judith, the will of, 238

Antar, the Arabian Negro Warrior, Poet and Hero, 151

Arming the slaves,

urged in South Carolina, 121;

in Virginia, 119;

in Rhode Island, 119;

in Massachusetts, 120;

in New York, 120

Astor, John Jacob, grandson of, aided slaves to purchase freedom, 252

Attitude of the Free People of Color toward African Colonization, 276

Auchmutty, Rev. Mr., took up the work of Elias Neau, 358

Augusta, Dr. A. T.,

studied medicine at Toronto, 105;

surgeon in the Civil War, 107

Augusta, Negroes at the siege of, 117

Bacon, Rev. Thomas, favored the instruction of Negroes, 350

Ball, Thomas, a colored photographer, 20

Baltimore, George, on colonization, 297

Baltimore,

meeting to protest against African colonization, 279;

another colonization meeting in 1831, 238;

a divided meeting, 298;

A Typical Colonization Meeting, 318

Bancroft, tribute to Negro troops, 129

"Baptists, Emancipating," 143

Barclay, Rev. T., instructed Negroes at Albany, 358

Bartow, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes, 355

Beckett, Rev. Mr., instructed Negroes, 355

Beech, Rev. J., baptized Negroes, 359

Beecham, Mrs., teacher of Negroes in Fredericksburg, 24

Beecher, Henry Ward, aided slaves to purchase freedom, 254

Berea College in anti-slavery centre, 149

Bienville,

exchanged Indians for Negroes, 362;

code of, 365;

Negro troops under, 371

Bigham, J. A., review of Du Bois's The Negro, 217

Birney, James G., editor of The Philanthropist destroyed by mob, 8

Black and White in the Southern States, reviewed, 437

Black Laws of Ohio, 2, 3, 4;

repeal of 16

Black master, the existence of, 235-236

Blackburn, Miss Lucy, taught in Cincinnati, 19

Border States, position of, in 1861, 371

Boré, de Etienne,

learned to granulate sugar, 375;

the effects of the discovery, 375-376

Boston, anti-colonization meetings at, 284, 292

Bowen, Nathaniel, on colonization, 298

Boyd, Henry, a successful Negro business man prior to 1860, 21

Brawley, Benjamin, Lorenzo Dow, 265

Bray, Rev. Thomas, work of,

among Negroes, 353-354;

"The Associates" of, 354

"Breckinridge Democrats," in control of Kentucky, 379

Breckinridge, John, views of, 377, 378, 379

Breacroft, Dr., appeal of, in behalf of the enlightenment of the Negroes, 352

Brissot de Warville, J. P., on the condition of the slaves, 419

Brooklyn, anti-colonization meeting of, 285

Brown County, Ohio, Negroes in, 302

Brown, William Wells, an occasional physician, 106

Bryan, Andrew, letters of, 87

Buckner, S. B., joined the Confederates, 390

Calhoun, John C., refuted by Dr. James McCune Smith, 104

Casas, De las, on slavery, 361-362

Casey, Wm. R., a teacher, 19

Casor, John, a slave, 234

Cesar, cure of, 101-102

Channing, offered to aid the defense of Daniel Drayton, 251

Charleston, missionary efforts at,

among Negroes, 350-352;

attitude of Negroes of, toward colonization, 280-281

Charlton, Rev. Mr., a teacher of Negroes in New York, 358

Chase, Salmon P., desired to aid Daniel Drayton, 251

Chastellux, Marquis de,

his observations of Negro troops, 128

critical examination of the travels of, 419

Chatham, the attitude of the Negroes of, toward colonization, 300

Chickasaws, fought with Negroes in Louisiana, 370

Chouchas, fought with Negroes in Louisiana, 369, 370

Choctaws, Negroes' troubles with, in Louisiana, 371

Cimarrones, in Guatemala, 393-394

Cincinnati,

The Negroes of, Prior to 1861, 1;

Lane Seminary students opposed slavery, 7-8, 10-11, 12;

Negro churches of, 11

progress of the Negroes of, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13;

anti-colonization meetings of, 289, 293, 294;

Negroes excluded from public schools of, 17-18

Clark, F. B., The Constitutional Doctrines of Justice Harlan, 342

Clark, Jonathan, letters of, 79, 82

Clark, Peter H., a teacher in Ohio, 19

Clay, Henry, asked to head the anti-slavery societies of Kentucky, 144

Clayton, Powell, The Aftermath of the Civil War of, reviewed, 444

Cleveland, anti-colonization meeting of, 292

Clinton, Sir Henry,

appeal of, to Negroes, 116

proclamation of, 116

Code Noir, quoted, 365

Coffin, Joshua, aided fugitives to Northwest Territory, 146

Colgan, Rev. Mr., taught Negroes in New York, 358

Colonization, African,

opposed, 279;

supported, 280-282

Color, People of, in Louisiana, 362

Colored Freemen as Slave Owners in Virginia, 233

Columbia, anti-colonization meeting of, 287

Columbus, Negroes of, opposed to colonization, 292, 293

Conrad, Rufus, a preacher in Ohio, 20

Cook, Rev. Joseph, letter of, 69

Cooke, Stephen, letter of, 77

Cookes, moved from Fredericksburg to Detroit, 26

Cooper, Phil, chattel of his free wife, 240

Corbic, W. J., a teacher of Ohio, 19

Cornish, Samuel, opposed colonization, 294

Cornwallis, Ft., garrisoned by Negroes, 117

Corsair, a mulatto, 397

Creole, definition of, 366-368

Crittenden, John J.,

advocated neutrality, 383;

letter of, to General Scott, 387

Crittenden, Thomas L., stood with the Union, 391

Cromwell, John W., The Negro in American History of, reviewed, 94

Crozat, Anthony, traffic of, in slaves, 362

Crummell, Alexander, on colonization, 296

Cutler, Rev. Dr., admitted Negroes to his congregation at Boston, 359

Dabney, Austin, remarkable soldier and man, 129-131

Dahomey, speech of the king of, 65

D'Alone, a supporter of Dr. Bray, 353

Davis, Garrett, letter of, to General MeClellan, 381

Davis, John, thoughts on slavery, 434

Dayton, meeting at, to promote colonization, 298

De Baptiste, Richard,

attended school at Fredericksburg, 22;

moved to Detroit, 22; a preacher, 29

Debern, Magdelaine, lawsuit of, 366

De Grasse, John V., student at Bowdoin, 105

Delany, M. R.,

studied at Harvard, 105;

physician at Pittsburgh, 106;

news on African colonization, 296;

sent to Africa, 300

Depression of Louisiana, 375-376.

Derham, James, a Negro physician, 103

Detroit, attitude of,

toward Negroes, 27;

the question of fugitives in, 27;

measures unfavorable to colored people, 28;

progress of the Negroes of, 29

Diggs, Judson, betrayed the fugitives of the Pearl, 247

Don Quixote, quoted, 43

Dorsey, Thomas, opposed colonization, 282

Dotty, Duane, Miss Fannie M. Richards's first superintendent of

schools, 31

Douglass, Frederick,

opposed to colonization, 295;

controversy of, with the National Council, 300

Dove, Dr., owner of James Derham, 103

Dow, Lorenzo,

journeys of, 266;

writings of, discussed, 271;

attitude of, toward slavery, 273

Drayton, Daniel, in charge of the Pearl, 245

Drummond, Henry, quoted, 42

Du Bois, The Negro of, reviewed, 217

Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, People of Color in Louisiana of, 361

Dunmore, Lord, issued proclamation of freedom to loyal Negroes, 115

Dyson, Walter,

review of, of Ellis's Negro Culture in West Africa, 95;

of Gouldtown, 221

East, the attitude of, toward the West, 119

Edmondson children, the, 243; family tree of, 261

Edmondson, Hamilton, sold in New Orleans, 253

Edmondson, Richard, heroic efforts of, 248

Edmondson, Samuel, married Delia Taylor, 256

Education of the Negroes in Cincinnati, 6, 10

Education, The, of the Negro Prior to 1861, reviewed, 96

Edwards, Mrs., taught Negroes in South Carolina, 350-351

Effect of slaveholding in Louisiana, 368

Eighteenth Century Slaves as advertised by their Masters, 163

Ellis, Geo. W., Negro Culture in West Africa of, reviewed, 95

Emancipating Baptists in Kentucky, 143

Emancipation, the, and the arming of slaves, urged, 119

English, Chester, sailor on the Pearl, 246

Enlisting Negroes in the American Revolution, 112, 113, 114;

considered by a council of war, 114;

urged and allowed, 117

Ermana, a slave owned by her husband, 241

Erroneous opinions concerning the Negro, 34

Essadi Abdurrahman, a writer of the Sudan, 41

Essays on Negro slavery, 49, 54

Established Church of England, the ministrations of, 349

Ethiopia, ruled Egypt, 37

Evans, M. S., Black and White in Southern States of, reviewed, 437

Fausett, Jessie, review of,

of T. G. Steward's Haitian Revolution, 93;

of A. H. Abel's The Slaveholding Indians, 339

Ferguson, Joseph, a physician, 103

Fleet, Dr., educated in Washington, 105

Fleetwood, Bishop, urged the proselyting of Negroes, 350

Foote, John P., his opinion of Negroes, 19

Foote, Senator, effect of the speech of, at the Louis-Phillipe

celebration, 245

Foster, James, opposed to colonization, 290

Free Negroes,

power of, to manumit limited, 241-242;

transplanted to free soil, 302;

litigation concerning, in Louisiana, 368;

aristocracy of, 395

Free Soilers attacked "Black Laws" of Ohio, 16

Freedman, a rich one of Guatemala, 395

Freedom in a Free State, 311

"Friends of Humanity" organized in Kentucky, 144

Frink, Rev. Mr., toiled among Negroes of Augusta, 354

Fugitives,

going to the Northwest Territory, 1;

from British territory to Michigan, 27

Fugitives of the Pearl, The, 243

Fuller, Betsey, owned her husband, 241

Gage, Thomas, quoted, on Negroes in Guatemala, 392-398

Gaines, John L., secured writ to obtain fund for colored schools, 17

Galvez, Governor of Louisiana, who employed Negro troops, 374

Garden, Commissary, opened a colored school in Charleston, 352

Garrison, Wm. L., effects of the radicalism of, 146

Gazzan, Dr. Joseph, teacher of M. R. Delany, 106

Gens de couleur libres, 365-366

George, James Z., The. Political History of Slavery of, reviewed, 340

Georgia,

rise and progress of Negro Churches, 69;

Negroes with the British in, 116, 117;

Reconstruction in Georgia, reviewed, 343;

missionary work in, 354

Germans,

crowded the Negroes out in Cincinnati, 5;

in Appalachian America, 133-134

Gibson, Bishop, address of, in behalf of Negroes, 352

Giddings, Joshua, motion for an inquiry into the detention of fugitives,

250-251

Gilmore High School founded, 19

Goldsmith, Samuel, deposition of, 234

Gordon, Robert, a successful business man, 21-22

Gordon, Virginia Ann, daughter and heir of Robert Gordon, 22

Graydon, referred to Negro troops, 129

Greeks, acquainted with Ethiopia, 39

Greene, General, learned that the British would enlist Negroes, 115

Grimké, Thomas, letter of, referred to, 281

Gromes, Frank, purchased his relatives, 239

Guy, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes in South Carolina, 352

Haigue, Mrs., taught Negroes in South Carolina, 351

Haitian Revolution, The, reviewed, 93

Hale, Senator, offered resolutions concerning the fugitives of the Pearl,

251

Hall, Rev. C., admitted Negroes to his church in North Carolina, 353

Hamilton, Alexander,

urged the emancipation and arming of slaves, 118;

letter of, on conditions in South Carolina, 121

Hancock, John, member of the committee that opposed the enlistment of

Negroes,--

Hanson, Roger W., went with the South, 390

Harlan, J. M., Constitutional Doctrines of, reviewed, 342

Harlan, Robert, once a man of considerable wealth, 20

Harris, Dr., opinion of, of Negro troops, 128

Harry, one of the first Negro teachers in America, 352

Hartford, anti-slavery meeting at, 286

Hartgrove, W. B., The Negro Soldier in the American Revolution of, 110

Hawkins, Peter, emancipated slaves, 240

Healing art among Negroes, 101-102

Henrico County, Virginia, records, 237

Henry, H. M., Police Control of the Slave in South Carolina of, reviewed,

219

Henry, Patrick, influence of, in the uplands, 138

Hildreth, Richard, offered Daniel Drayton aid, 251

Hill, James H., statement of, 239

Historic Background of the Negro Physician, 99

Holly, James Theodore, position on African colonization, 300

Honyman, Rev. Mr., had Negroes in his congregation, 360

Hopkins, Samuel, urged the emancipation and arming of slaves, 118

How the Public received the Journal of Negro History, 225

Howe, Samuel, offered aid to Daniel Drayton, 251

Hubbard, Dr., a friend of Negro education, 107

Huddlestone, Rev. Mr., a successor of Neau, 358

Humboldt, Alex. Von, Observations on Negroes, 393

Hunt, Rev. Mr., had a Negro under probation, 352

Huntsville, Alabama, Negroes of, for colonization, 282

Husting Court of Richmond, a lawsuit in, to obtain freedom, 238

Iben Khaldun, a writer of Arabia, quoted, 39

Illinois, attitude of Negroes in, toward colonization, 300

Immigration of Negroes into Ohio, 2, 4; opposition to, aroused, 4

Impressions of an English traveler, 404

Indiana,

Negroes took up land in, 8;

attitude of Negroes of, toward African colonization, 300

Insurrections in Louisiana, 370, 376

Irish,

crowded out the Negroes of Cincinnati, 5;

the Scotch-Irish in the West, 133, 135

Iron first smelted by Negroes, 36-37

Jackson, George W., manager of Robert Gordon's estate, 22

Jacob, R. T., offered resolutions for mediatorial neutrality, 384

Jefferson County, Ohio, free Negroes of, 304

Jefferson, Thomas, influence of, on frontier, 138

Jenny, Dr., worked among Negroes, 355

Johnson, Anthony, a Negro owning slaves, 234-236

Johnson, Jerome A., remembered Judson Diggs, 247

Johnson, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes at Stratford, 359

Jones, Absalom,

letter of, --;

mentioned by Dow, 274;

opposed colonization, 277

Jones, David A., deposition of, 238-239

Jones, S. Wesley, letter of, quoted, 281

Kearsley, John, master of James Derham, 103

Kemps Landing, Negroes in battle of, 115

Kench, Thomas, wanted Negroes in separate regiments, 120

Kentucky,

"Emancipating Baptists" of, 143

anti-slavery Presbyterians in, 143

neutrality of, 383

dangerous policy of, 385

Knight and Bell, Negro contractors in Cincinnati, 20

Kunst. J., Notes on the Negroes in Guatemala in the Seventeenth

Century, 392

Lannon, W. D., joined the Confederates, 390

Laurens, John, urged the arming of slaves, 118

Law, John, schemes of, 362-363

Lawrence County, Ohio, Negroes in, 4, 306

Lawrence, Samuel, Negroes under, behaved well, 112, 113

Lecky, tribute of, to Negro troops, 129

Lees, migrated to Detroit, 24, 26

Leile, George, letters of, 80, 81, 84

Lemoyne, Dr. Francis J., teacher of M. R. Delany, 106

Letters on slavery by a Negro, 60;

letters showing the rise and progress of Negro Churches in Georgia

and the West Indies, 69

Lewiston, Pennsylvania, anti-colonization meeting of, 287

Liberia, the Republic of, discussed, 313

Lincoln, a desire of, for the support of Kentucky, 377, 384

Lindsay, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes in New Jersey, 355

Locke, Rev. Richard, baptized Negroes in Pennsylvania, 355

Longworth, Nicholas, aided colored schools of Cincinnati, 19

Louis-Philippe, the expulsion of, celebrated in Washington, 244

Louisiana,

prostration of, 374-375;

relieved somewhat by Negro refugees, 375

Lowth, Bishop, urged the conversion of Negroes, 350

Lundy, Benjamin, work of, in Tennessee, 145

Lutherans, in the West, 134

Lyell, Sir Charles, on the Negroes of Cincinnati, 18

Lyme, anti-colonization meeting of, 286

Madison, James, urged the emancipation and arming of slaves, 118

Magoffin, Governor, tried to aid the Secessionists in Kentucky, 382

Mann, Horace, offered to aid Daniel Drayton, 251

Manumission Society of Tennessee, 145

Marshall, Abraham, letters of, 77, 78, 85

Marshall, Humphrey, views of, 377, 384

Maryland, the enlistment of Negroes in, 120

Maryville, Tennessee, favorable to Negroes, 147-149

Massachusetts, arming the slaves in, 120

May, Samuel, helped to furnish defense for Daniel Drayton, 251

McSparran, conducted a class of Negroes, 359

Mehlinger, Louis R., The Attitude of the Free Negro toward African Colonization of, 276

Mennonites in the West, 134

Mercer County, Ohio, Negroes in, 9, 306

Middletown, anti-colonization meeting at, 286

Migration of Negroes,

West Indian, 370-371;

to the Northwest Territory, 1

Miller, Kelly, The Historic Background of the Negro Physician, 99

Monmouth, Negroes in the battle of, 129

Moore, Edwin, father of Maria Louise Moore, 23

Moore, Maria Louise, her struggles and triumphs, 23

Moral Religious Manumission Society of West Tennessee, 145

Moravians, in the mountains, 134

Morris, Robert, Jr., offered to aid Daniel Drayton, 251

Mountaineers,

attitude of, toward slavery, 147;

their efforts to elevate the slaves, 148, 149, 150;

supported the Union, 149, 150;

aided the Underground Railroad, 146;

attitude of, toward the American Colonization Society, 146

Mulatto corsair, a, 397

Mundin, William, declaration of, 238

Nantucket, anti-colonization meeting at, 288

Natchez, Negroes captured by, 370

National Council, 299-300

Neau, Elias,

work of, 356-358;

supposed connection with Negro riot, 357

Negro,

The, in American History, reviewed, 94;

Negro Culture in West Africa, reviewed, 95;

Negro Soldiers in the American Revolution, 110;

What the Negro was thinking in the Eighteenth Century, 49

Negroes,

contribution of, to civilization, 36;

Notes on the Negroes of Guatemala in the Seventeenth Century, 392

Neill, Rev. Mr., preached to Negroes at Dover, 355

Neutrality in Kentucky, 383, 385;

became dangerous policy, 385;

abandoned, 389

New Bedford, anti-colonization meeting at, 293

New England, work among Negroes of, 359

New Hampshire, the enlistment of Negroes in, 120

New Jersey, teaching Negroes in, 355

New York,

the enlistment of Negroes in, 120;

instruction of Negroes in, 356;

anti-colonization meetings of, 285, 288, 289

Newman, Rev. Mr., worked among Negroes, 353

North Carolina, slavery in, 142

Northampton County, Virginia, records of black masters, 237

Ohio, Negroes owned land in, 8-9;

"Black Laws" of, 4;

Law of 1849, 12;

Negroes transplanted to, 302;

protest against, 308;

Negroes an issue in the Constitutional Convention of, 4

Ordinance of 1787, interpretation of, 377

"Othello," letters of, on slavery, 49-60

Otis, James, influence of, in the uplands, 138

Palomeque, a hard master, 396

Parham, William, a teacher of Negroes, 19

Park, Dr. R. E., review of Race Orthodoxy of, 439

Patoulet, M., decision of, 366

Patterson, Senator, speech at Louis-Philippe celebration, 245

Payne, Daniel A., on colonization, 296

Pearl, The Fugitives of, 246

Pelhams moved to Detroit, 26, 29

Pennington, J. W. C., opposed colonization, 293

People of Color in Louisiana, 361

Perier, Governor,

fought Indians with Negroes 368, 369;

tribute to Negroes

Philadelphia,

anti-colonization meetings of, 277, 279;

Convention of Free People of Color at, 290, 291

Philanthropist, The, office of, destroyed, 8

Physicians, Negro, the number of, 107

Piatt, James W., efforts with Cincinnati mob, 14

Pittsburgh, anti-colonization meetings of, 287, 292

Pittsylvania County, Virginia, Negroes from, 4

Point Bridge, Negro soldiers behaved well at battle of, 129

Political History of Slavery, The, by James Z. George, reviewed, 340

Political theories of Appalachian America, discussed, 129

Polk, invaded Kentucky, 390

Prejudice against the colored people in Cincinnati, 12-13

Presbyterians, anti-slavery, in Kentucky, 143

Pressly, J., a colored photographer, 20

Prince William County, Virginia, a Negro of, owned his family, 241

Professions, Negroes in, 99-101

Protests against African colonization, 277-296

Providence, anti-colonization meeting of, 293

Pugh, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes in Pennsylvania, 355

Puritan, attitude of, toward Negro, 359

Purvis, Dr. Charles B., a Negro surgeon in the Civil War, 107

Quakers,

interested in colonizing Negroes in the Northwest, 3;

work of, among Negroes of Appalachian America, 133, 134

Quickly, Mary, owner of slaves, 238

Race Orthodoxy in the South, reviewed, 447

Racial characteristics on the frontier, 135

Racial elements in Appalachian America, 133

Radford, James, sold a Negro, 238

Radford, George, purchased a Negro woman, 238

Ramsey's estimate of Negroes lost to British, 116

Randolph, John, the slaves of, sent to Ohio, 308, 310, 311, 312

Ransford, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes in North Carolina, 353

Redpath, James, appointed commissioner of emigration of Haiti, 300

Richards, Adolph,

came to Fredericksburg for his health, 23;

married Maria Louise Moore, 23

Richards, Fannie M.,

studied in Toronto, 30;

taught in Detroit, 31

Richmond, meeting of, to denounce the American Colonization Society, 277

Rider, Sidney, opinion of the services of Negro troops, 128

Ripley, Dorothy, letters received, 436

Riots,

in Cincinnati, in 1836, 8;

in 1841, 13-16;

in New York, 357

Robert, M., decision of, with reference to Negroes, 366

Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, "l'esclavage" of, 430

Rochester, anti-colonization meeting of, 293

Roman, C. V., The American Civilization of, reviewed, 218

Ross, Rev. G., commended Mr. Yeates for work among Negroes, 354, 355

Rumford, Rev. Mr., baptized Negroes, 353

Rush, Benjamin, talks with James Derham, 103

Rutledge, Governor, freed a slave for his valor in battle, 129

Ryall, Anne, teacher in Cincinnati, 19

St. John de Crèvecoeur, observations of, 404

Salem, Peter, killed Major Pitcairn, 112

Sanderson, Bishop, urged the instruction of Negroes, 350

Sankore, the university of, 40

Savannah, a freedman of, favored colonization, 280

Sayers, Captain, owner of the Pearl, 246

Sayers, W. Berwick, Samuel Coleridge-Taylorof, reviewed, 438

Sayre, Rev. J., instructed Negroes, 358

Schoepf, Johann D., impressions of, 405

Schuyler, M., opposed the instruction of Negroes, 359

Secession in Kentucky, 377, 378, 385, 389, 390

Secker, Bishop, appeal in behalf of the enlightenment of Negroes, 352

Seward, W. H., offered to aid in defending Daniel Drayton, 251

Sewell, Samuel, endeavored to aid Daniel Drayton when accused, 251

Shelby County, Ohio, Negroes in, 309

Shelton, Rev. Wallace, a preacher of Cincinnati, 20

Simon, a Negro officer in Louisiana, 391

Simon, the Negro doctor, 102

Simpson, Henry, a preacher in Ohio, 20

Slaveholding Indians, The, reviewed, 339

Slavery,

in North Carolina, 142;

in Western Virginia, 142;

in Tennessee, 143;

in Kentucky, 144

Slaves of the 18th century,

learning a modern language, 164;

learning to read and write, 175;

educated ones, 185;

in good circumstances, 189;

brought from the West Indies, 191;

various kinds of servants, 194;

relations between the Negroes and the British during the Revolution, 200;

relations between the blacks and the French, 201;

colored Methodist preachers among the slaves, 202;

slaves in other professions, 205;

close relations of the slaves and indentured servants, 206

Smith, Dr. James McCune,

physician in New York, 104;

opposed to colonization, 293

Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,

organized, 349

work of, 350

Songhay, empire of, discussed, 41

South Carolina,

the enlistment of Negroes in, 122;

Hamilton's letter on, 121-122;

resolutions of Congress concerning, 123-124;

efforts to instruct Negroes of, 350-352

Spaniards, attitude of, toward slavery, 361

Stafford, A. O., African Proverbs and Antar of, 42, 151

Stephenson, John W., views of, 378

Steward, T. G.,

The Haitian Revolution of, reviewed, 93;

Gouldtown of, reviewed, 221

Steward, Rev. Mr., found a colored school in North Carolina, 354

Story

of a Negro cook, 372

of a Negro blacksmith, 372

Stoupe, Rev. Mr., instructed Negroes in New Rochelle, 358

Stowe, H. B., inquiry of, 295

Sturgeon, Rev. W., taught Negroes in Philadelphia, 355

Sudan, the kingdoms of, 37

Sumner, Alphonso, on African colonization, 297

Sutcliff, Robert, observations of, 434

Swigle, Thomas Nichols, the letters of, 85, 88

Taylor, Dr., educated in Washington, 105

Taylor, Mr. Charles, instructed blacks in New York, 358

Taylor, Rev. E.,

a missionary in South Carolina, 351;

report of, 351

Taylor, Samuel Coleridge-, Life of, reviewed, 446

Tennessee, Manumission Society of, 144;

Moral Religious Manumission Society of West Tennessee, 144

Thomas, General, urged the enlistment of Negro troops, 117, 129

Thomas, Rev. Mr., taught Negroes in South Carolina, 350

Thompson, C. M., Reconstruction in Georgia of, reviewed, 343

Tilley, Virginia C., a teacher, 19

Timbuctoo, the university of, 40

Trades Unions against Negroes, 12

Traveler's Impressions of Slavery in America from 1750 to 1800, 399

Trenton, anti-colonization meeting, 288

Typical Colonization Convention, A, 318

Underground Railroad, in the mountains, 146

Union cause in Kentucky, the, 380, 391

Usher, Rev. J., mentioned Negroes desiring baptism, 359

Vandroffen, Petrus, opposed the education of Negroes, 359

Vesey, Rev. Mr., interested in the Negroes of New York, 356

Vindication of Negroes, 408

Virginia, laws of, to prohibit the education of Negroes, 119;

slavery in the western part of, 142;

colored freemen as slave owners in, 233

Wansey, Henry, on slavery, 427

Warden, D. B., observations of, 3

Warren, John, a preacher in Ohio, 8

Washington, Augustus, attitude of, toward emigration, 297

Washington, Booker T., note on, 98

Washington, George, on the enlistment of Negroes, 113, 115, 125

Wattles, Augustus, induced Negroes to go to Ohio, 8

Webster, Daniel, petition of, 241

Weld, Isaac, observations of, 432

West, Dr., master of James Derham, 103

West Indian migration, 370, 371

West, Reuben, a black master, 239

Whigs attacked "Black Laws" of Ohio, 16

Whitbeck, teacher of a colored school in Detroit, 31

White, Dr. Thomas J., student at Bowdoin, 105

Whitfield, James, defended the National Council, 300

Whitmore, Rev. Mr., taught Negroes in New York, 358

Wilcox, Samuel T., a wealthy Negro of Cincinnati, 20

Wilkins, Charles T., testimonial of, 32

Wilkins, William D., assisted Miss Fannie M. Richards, 31

Williams, Rev. Peter, troubles of, in New York, 288

Wilmington, anti-colonization meeting at, 284

Wilson, Bishop, urged the instruction of Negroes, 352

Wing, Mr., taught Negroes in Cincinnati, 7

Wood, Jannette, manumitted by her mother, 240

Woodson, C. G., The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861, reviewed, 96;

Freedom and Slavery in Appalachian America, 132

Wright, Theodore, antagonistic to colonization, 294

Yeates, Rev. Mr., endeavored to instruct Negroes, 354

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME II. 1917

CONTENTS

VOLUME II. 1917— NO. 2

Slavery and the Slave Trade in Africa

Jerome Dowd

The Negro in the Field of Invention

Henry E. Baker

Anthony Benezet

C. G. Woodson

People of Color in Louisiana - Part II

Alice Dunbar-Nelson

Notes on Connecticut as a Slave State

Documents

Letters of Anthony Benezet

Reviews of Books

Notes

VOL II—APRIL, 1917—NO. 2

Evolution of Slave Status in American Democracy - I

John M. Mecklin

John Woolman's Efforts in Behalf of Freedom

G. David Houston

The Tarik É Soudan

A. O. Stafford

From a Jamaica Portfolio

T. H. MacDermot

Notes on the Nomolis of Sherbroland

Walter L. Edwin

Documents

Observations on the Negroes of Louisiana

The Conditions against which Woolman and Anthony Benezet Inveighted

Book Reviews

Notes

Vol II—JULY, 1917—NO. 3

Formation of American Colonization Society

Henry Noble Sherwood, Ph.D

Evolution of Slave Status in American Democracy - II

John M. Mecklin

History of High School for Negroes in Washington

Mary Church Terrell

The Danish West Indies

Leila Amos Pendleton

Documents

Relating to the Danish West Indies

Reviews of Books

Notes

African Origin of Grecian Civilization

VOL. II—OCTOBER, 1917—No. 4

Some Historical Errors of James Ford Rhodes

John R. Lynch

The Struggle of Haiti and Liberia for Recognition

Charles H. Wesley

Three Negro Poets

Benjamin Brawley

Catholics and the Negro

Joseph Butsch

Documents

Letters of George Washington Bearing on the Negro

Petition for Compensation for the Loss of Slaves

An Extract from the Will of Robert Pleasants

Proceedings of a Reconstruction Meeting

Reviews of Books

Notes

The First Biennial Meeting of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History at Washington

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME III. 1918

CONTENTS

VOL. III.-JANUARY, 1918-NO. 1

The Story of Josiah Henson

W. B. Hartgrove

Elizabeth Barrett Browning and the Negro

Benjamin Brawley

Palmares: The Negro Numantia

Charles E. Chapman

Slavery in California

Delilah L. Beasley

Documents

California Freedom Papers

Thomas Jefferson's Thoughts on the Negro

Some Undistinguished Negroes

Book Reviews

Notes

VOL. III.-APRIL, 1918-NO. 2

Benjamin Banneker

Henry E. Baker

George Liele and Andrew Bryan

John W. Davis

Fifty Years of Howard University - Part I

Dwight O. W. Holmes

Historical Errors of James Ford Rhodes

John R. Lynch

Documents

Letters of Governor Edward Coles

Some Undistinguished Negroes

Book Reviews

Notes

VOL. III,-JULY, 1918-NO. 3

Slavery in Kentucky

Ivan E. McDougle

Book Reviews

Notes

VOL. III.-OCTOBER, 1918-NO. 4

Beginnings of Miscegenation of Whites and Blacks

Carter G. Woodson

Gerrit Smith's Effort in Behalf of Negroes

Zita Dyson

The Buxton Settlement in Canada

Fred Landon

Fifty Years of Howard University - Part II

Dwight O. W. Holmes

Documents

What the Framers of the Federal Constitution

Thought of the Negro

Some Undistinguished Negroes

Book Reviews

Notes

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME IV. 1919

CONTENTS

VOL. IV.-JANUARY, 1919-NO. 1

Primitive Law and the Negro

Roland G. Usher

Lincoln's Plan for Colonizing Negroes

Charles H. Wesley

Lemuel Haynes

W. H. Morse

The Anti-Slavery Society of Canada

Fred Landon

Documents

Benjamin Franklin and Freedom

Proceedings of a Mississippi Migration Convention in 1879

How the Negroes were Duped

Remarks on this Exodus by Federick Douglass

The Senate Report on the Exodus of 1879

Some Undistinguished Negroes

Book Reviews

Notes

VOL. IV.-APRIL, 1919-NO. 2

The Conflict and Fusion of Cultures

Robert E. Park

The Company of Royal Adventurers

George F. Zook

Book Reviews

Notes

VOL. IV.-JULY, 1919-NO. 3

Negroes in the Confederate Army

Charles H. Wesley

Legal Status of Negroes in Tennessee

William Lloyd Imes

Negro Life and History in our Schools

C. G. Woodson

Grégoire's Sketch of Angelo Solimann

F. Harrison Hough

Documents

Letters of Negro Migrants of 1916-1918

Book Reviews

Notes

VOL. IV.-OCTOBER, 1919-NO. 4

Labor Conditions in Jamaica Prior to 1917

E. Ethelred Brown

The Life of Charles B. Ray

M. N. Work

The Slave in Upper Canada

W. R. Riddell

Documents

Notes on Slavery in Canada

Additional Letters of Negro Migrants of 1916-1918

Book Reviews

Notes

Biennial Meeting of Association

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME V. 1920

CONTENTS

VOL. V.-JANUARY, 1920-NO. 1

The Negro In Education

Loretta Funke

Negro Migration to Canada

Fred Landon

Richard Hill

Frank Cundall

Negroes and Indians in Massachusetts

C. G. Woodson

Documents

Book Reviews

Notes

VOL. V.-APRIL, 1920-NO. 2

Negro Public School System in Missouri

Henry Sullivan Williams

Religious Education

David Henry Sims

Aftermath of Nat Turner's Insurrection

John W. Cromwell

Documents

Correspondence

Book Reviews

Notes

VOL. V.-JULY, 1920-NO. 3

The Slave in Canada

William Renwick Riddell

Book Reviews

Notes

VOL. V.-OCTOBER, 1920-NO. 4

The Return of Negro Slaves

Arnett G. Lindsay

The Negro in Politics

Norman P. Andrews

Henry Bibb, a Colonizer

Fred Landon

Myrtilla Miner

G. Smith Wormley

Communications

Documents

Some Undistinguished Negroes

Book Reviews

Notes

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM

A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY

By Wilbur H. Siebert

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

Sources of the History of the Underground Railroad

PAGE

The Underground Road as a subject for research

1

Obscurity of the subject

2

Books dealing with the subject

2

Magazine articles on the Underground Railroad

5

Newspaper articles on the subject

6

Scarcity of contemporaneous documents

7

Reminiscences the chief source

11

The value of reminiscences illustrated

12

CHAPTER II

Origin and Growth of the Underground Road

Conditions under which the Underground Road originated

17

The disappearance of slavery from the Northern states

17

Early provisions for the return of fugitive slaves

19

The fugitive slave clause in the Ordinance of 1787

20

The fugitive slave clause in the United States Constitution

20

The Fugitive Slave Law of 1793

21

The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

22

Desire for freedom among the slaves

25

Knowledge of Canada among the slaves

27

Some local factors in the origin of the underground movement

30

The development of the movement in eastern Pennsylvania, in New Jersey, and in New York

33

The development of the movement in the New England states

36

The development of the movement in the West

37

The naming of the Road

44

CHAPTER III

The Methods of the Underground Railroad

Penalties for aiding fugitive slaves

47

Social contempt suffered by abolitionists

48

Espionage practised upon abolitionists

50

Rewards for the capture of fugitives and the kidnapping of abolitionists

52

Devices to secure secrecy

54

Service at night

54

Methods of communication

56

Methods of conveyance

59

Zigzag and variable routes

61

Places of concealment

62

Disguises

64

Informality of management

67

Colored and white agents

69

City vigilance committees

70

Supplies for fugitives

76

Transportation of fugitives by rail

78

Transportation of fugitives by water

81

Rescue of fugitives under arrest

83

CHAPTER IV

Underground Agents, Station-Keepers, or Conductors

Underground agents, station-keepers, or conductors

87

Their hospitality

87

Their principles

89

Their nationality

90

Their church connections

93

Their party affinities

99

Their local standing

101

Prosecutions of underground operators

101

Defensive League of Freedom proposed

103

Persons of prominence among underground helpers

104

CHAPTER V

Study of the Map of the Underground Railroad System

Geographical extent of underground lines

113

Location and distribution of stations

114

Southern routes

116

Lines of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York

120

Routes of the New England states

128

Lines within the old Northwest Territory

134

Noteworthy features of the general map

139

Complex routes

141

Broken lines and isolated place names

141

River routes

142

Routes by rail

142

Routes by sea

144

Terminal stations

145

Lines of lake travel

147

Canadian ports

148

CHAPTER VI

Abduction of Slaves from the South

Aversion among underground helpers to abduction of slaves

150

Abductions by negroes living along the northern border of the slave states

151

Abductions by Canadian refugees

152

Abductions by white persons in the South

153

Abductions by white persons of the North

154

The Missouri raid of John Brown

162

John Brown's great plan

166

Abductions attempted in response to appeals

168

Devotees of abduction

178

CHAPTER VII

Life of the Colored Refugees in Canada

Slavery question in Canada

190

Flight of slaves to Canada

192

Refugees representative of the slave class

195

Misinformation about Canada among slaves

197

Hardships borne by Canadian refugees

198

Efforts toward immediate relief for fugitives

199

Attitude of the Canadian government

201

Conditions favorable to their settlement in Canada

203

Sparseness of population

203

Uncleared lands

204

Encouragement of agricultural colonies among refugees

205

Dawn Settlement

205

Elgin Settlement

207

Refugees' Home Settlement

209

Alleged disadvantages of the colonies

211

Their advantages

212

Refugee settlers in Canadian towns

217

Census of Canadian refugees

220

Occupations of Canadian refugees

223

Progress made by Canadian refugees

224

Domestic life of the refugees

227

School privileges

228

Organizations for self-improvement

230

Churches

231

Rescue of friends from slavery

231

Ownership of property

232

Rights of citizenship

233

Character as citizens

233

CHAPTER VIII

Fugitive Settlers in the Northern States

Number of fugitive settlers in the North

235

The Northern states an unsafe refuge for runaway slaves

237

Reclamation of fugitives in the free states

239

Protection of fugitives in the free states

242

Object of the personal liberty laws

245

Effect of the law of 1850 on fugitive settlers

246

Underground operators among fugitives of the free states

251

CHAPTER IX

Prosecutions of Underground Railroad Men

Enactment of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793

254

Grounds on which the constitutionality of the measure was questioned

254

Denial of trial by jury to the fugitive slave

255

Summary mode of arrest

257

The question of concurrent jurisdiction between the federal and state governments in fugitive slave cases

259

The law of 1793 versus the Ordinance of 1787

261

Power of Congress to legislate concerning the extradition of fugitive slaves denied

263

State officers relieved of the execution of the law by the Prigg decision, 1842

264

Amendment of the law of 1793 by the law of 1850

265

Constitutionality of the law of 1850 questioned

267

First case under the law of 1850

268

Authority of a United States commissioner

269

Penalties imposed for aiding and abetting the escape of fugitives

273

Trial on the charge of treason in the Christiana case, 1854

279

Counsel for fugitive slaves

281

Last case under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

285

Attempted revision of the law

285

Destructive attacks upon the measure in Congress

286

Lincoln's Proclamation of Emancipation

287

Repeal of the Fugitive Slave Acts

288

CHAPTER X

The Underground Railroad in Politics

Valuation of the Underground Railroad in its political aspect

290

The question of the extradition of fugitive slaves in colonial times

290

Importance of the question in the constitutional conventions

293

Failure of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793

294

Agitation for a more efficient measure

295

Diplomatic negotiations for the extradition of colored refugees from Canada, 1826-1828

299

The fugitive slave a missionary in the cause of freedom

300

Slave-hunting in the free states

302

Preparation for the abolition movement of 1830

303

The Underground Railroad and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

308

The law in Congress

310

The enforcement of the law of 1850

316

The Underground Road and Uncle Tom's Cabin

321

Political importance of the novel

323

Sumner on the influence of escaped slaves in the North

324

The spirit of nullification in the North

327

The Glover rescue, Wisconsin, 1854

327

The rendition of Burns, Boston, 1854

331

The rescue of Addison White, Mechanicsburg, Ohio, 1857

334

The Oberlin-Wellington rescue, 1858

335

Obstruction of the Fugitive Slave Law by means of the personal liberty acts

337

John Brown's attempt Lo free the slaves

338

CHAPTER XI

Effect of the Underground Railroad

The Underground Road the means of relieving the South of many despairing slaves

340

Loss sustained by slave-owners through underground channels

340

The United States census reports on fugitive slaves

342

Estimate of the number of slaves escaping into Ohio, 1830-1860

346

Similar estimate for Philadelphia, 1830-1860

346

Drain on the resources of the depot at Lawrence, Kansas, described in a letter of Col. J. Bowles, April 4, 1859

347

Work of the Underground Railroad as compared with that of the American Colonization Society

350

The violation of the Fugitive Slave Law a chief complaint of Southern states at the beginning of the Civil War

351

Refusal of the Canadian government to yield up the fugitive Anderson, 1860

352

Secession of the Southern states begun

353

Conclusion of the fugitive slave controversy

355

General effect and significance of the controversy

356

ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, FACSIMILES AND MAPS

The Underground Railroad: Levi Coffin receiving a company of fugitives in the outskirts of Cincinnati, Ohio

Frontispiece

FACING PAGE

Isaac T. Hopper

17

The Runaway: a stereotype cut used on handbills advertising escaped slaves

27

Crossing-place on the Ohio River at Steubenville, Ohio

47

The Rankin House, Ripley, Ohio

47

Facsimile of an Underground Message

On page 57

Barn of Seymour Finney, Detroit, Michigan

65

The Old First Church, Galesburg, Illinois

65

William Still

75

Levi Coffin

87

Frederick Douglass

104

Caves in Salem Township, Washington County, Ohio

130

House of Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Valley Falls, Rhode Island

130

The Detroit River at Detroit, Michigan

147

Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio

147

Ellen Craft as she escaped from Slavery

163

Samuel Harper and Wife

163

Dr. Alexander M. Ross

180

Harriet Tubman

180

Group of Refugee Settlers at Windsor, Ontario, C.W.

190

Theodore Parker

205

Thomas Wentworth Higginson

205

Dr. Samuel G. Howe

205

Benjamin Drew

205

Church of the Fugitive Slaves, Boston, Massachusetts

235

Salmon P. Chase

254

Thomas Garrett

254

Rush R. Sloane

282

Thaddeus Stevens

282

J. R. Ware

282

Rutherford B. Hayes

282

Gerrit Smith

290

Joshua R. Giddings

290

Charles Sumner

290

Richard H. Dana

290

Bust of Rev. John Rankin

307

Harriet Beecher Stowe

321

Captain John Brown

338

Facsimile of a Leaf from the Diary of Daniel Osborn

On pages 344, 345

MAPS

Map of the Underground Railroad System

Facing page 113

Map of Underground Lines in Southeastern Pennsylvania

"     113

Map of Underground Lines in Morgan County, Ohio

On page 136

Lewis Falley's Map of the Underground Routes of Indiana and Michigan

On page 138

Map of an Underground Line through Livingston and La Salle Counties, Illinois

On page 139

Map of Underground Lines through Greene, Warren and Clinton Counties, Ohio

On page 140

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Constitutional Provisions and National Acts relative to Fugitive Slaves, 1787-1850

359-366

Appendix B: List of Important Fugitive Slave Cases

367-377

Appendix C: Figures from the United States Census Reports relating to Fugitive Slaves

378, 379

Appendix D: Bibliography

380-402

Appendix E: Directory of the names of Underground Railroad Operators and Members of Vigilance Committees

403-439

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

A RECORD OF FACTS, AUTHENTIC NARRATIVE, LETTERS, &C.,

By William Still

ILLUSTRATIONS

THE AUTHOR

PETER STILL—"THE KIDNAPPED AND THE RANSOMED"

CHARITY STILL TWICE ESCAPED FROM SLAVERY

DESPERATE CONFLICT IN A BARN

DEATH OF ROMULUS HALL

RESURRECTION OF HENRY BOX BROWN

RESCUE OF JANE JOHNSON AND HER CHILDREN

PASSMORE WILLIAMSON

JANE JOHNSON

ESCAPING FROM PORTSMOUTH, VA

TWENTY-EIGHT FUGITIVES ESCAPING FROM EASTERN SHORE OF MARYLAND

ESCAPING FROM ALABAMA ON TOP OF A CAR

THE RIVER ON HORSEBACK IN THE NIGHT

A BOLD STROKE FOR FREEDOM—CONTEST WITH FIRE-ARMS

ABRAM GALLOWAY

THE MAYOR AND POLICE OF NORFOLK SEARCHING CAPTAIN FOUNTAIN'S SCHOONER

MARIA WEEMS ESCAPING AS JO WRIGHT

JOHN HENRY HILL

DRY-GOODS MERCHANT SEARCHING THE CARS

ESCAPE WITH A LADY, AS HER COACHMAN, WITH MASTER'S HORSE AND CARRIAGE

SIX ON TWO HORSES

UP A TREE

SAMUEL GREEN SENTENCED TO THE PENITENTIARY FOR TEN YEARS FOR HAVING A COPY OF "UNCLE TOM'S CABIN" IN HIS HOUSE

LEAR GREEN ESCAPING IN A CHEST

ESCAPE OF ELEVEN PASSENGERS FROM MARYLAND IN TWO CARRIAGES

THE CHRISTIANA TRAGEDY

WILLIAM AND ELLEN CRAFT

MEMBERS OF THE ACTING COMMITTEE:

N.W. DEPEE

JACOB C. WHITE

CHARLES WISE

EDWIN H. COATES

KNIFING HIS VICTIM

LIVING IN A HOLLOW TREE

IN A CAVE

A NARROW ESCAPE

SUSPENDED BY THE HANDS WITH BLOCK AND TACKLE

CROSSING THE BAY

BREAKING HIM IN

MOTHER ESCAPING WITH SEVEN CHILDREN

FIGHT IN CHESAPEAKE BAY

JOHN W. DUNGEE

MARY MILBURN (SECRETED IN A BOX)

HEAVY WEIGHTS—ARRIVAL OF A PARTY AT LEAGUE ISLAND

SKETCHES AND PORTRAITS OF STATION-MASTERS, PROMINENT ANTI-SLAVERY MEN, AND SUPPORTERS OF THE U.G.R.R.:

ABIGAIL GOODWIN

THOMAS GARRETT

DANIEL GIBBONS

LUCRETIA MOTT

J. MILLER M'KIM

WILLIAM H. FURNESS

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON

LEWIS TAPPAN

ELIJAH F. PENNYPACKER

WILLIAM WRIGHT

DR. BARTHOLOMEW FUSSELL

ROBERT PURVIS

JOHN HUNN

SAMUEL RHOADS

WILLIAM WHIPPER

SAMUEL D. BURRIS

CHARLES D. CLEVELAND

GRACE ANNA LEWIS

MRS. FRANCES E.W. HARPER

JOHN NEEDLES

CONTENTS

SETH CONCKLIN

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD LETTERS.
From Thomas Garrett—G.A. Lewis—E.L. Stevens—Sydney Howard Gay—John Henry Hill—J. Bigelowe—Ham and Eggs—Rev. H. Wilson—Sheridan Ford—E.F. Pennypacker—J.C. Bustill—Slave secreted in Richmond—G.S. Nelson—John Thompson—Wm. Penn

WILLIAM BOX PEEL JONES
Came boxed up viâ Erricson line of Steamers.

WESLEY HARRIS ALIAS ROBERT JACKSON, CRAVEN MATTERSON AND TWO BROTHERS.

CLARISSA DAVIS
Arrived in Male Attire.

ANTHONY BLOW ALIAS HENRY LEVISON
Secreted Ten Months—Eight days on the Steamship City of Richmond bound for Philadelphia.

PERRY JOHNSON, OF ELKTON, MARYLAND.
Eye knocked Out.

ISAAC FORMAN, WILLIAM DAVIS AND WILLIS REDICK.
Hearts full of joy for Freedom—Very anxious for Wives in Slavery.

JOSEPH HENRY CAMP
Sold, the day he escaped, for Fourteen Hundred Dollars—Slave Trader loses his Bargain.

SHERIDAN FORD
Secreted in the Woods—Escapes in a Steamer.

JOSEPH KNEELAND ALIAS JOSEPH HULSON
Young Master had a "Malignant Spirit".

EX-PRESIDENT TYLER'S HOUSEHOLD LOSES AN ARISTOCRATIC ARTICLE.

EDWARD MORGAN, HENRY JOHNSON, JAMES AND STEPHEN BUTLER.
"Two Thousand Dollars Reward" offered.

HENRY PREDO
Daniel Hughes, Thomas Elliott, and five others betrayed into Dover Jail.

MARY EPPS ALIAS EMMA BROWN, JOSEPH AND ROBERT ROBINSON.
A Slave Mother Loses her Speech at the Sale of her Child ... Bob Escapes from his Master, a Trader, with Fifteen Hundred Dollars in North Carolina Money.

GEORGE SOLOMON, DANIEL NEALL, BENJAMIN R. FLETCHER AND MARIA DORSEY.

HENRY BOX BROWN
Arrived by Adams Express.

TRIAL OF THE EMANCIPATORS OF COL. J.H. WHEELER'S SLAVES, JANE JOHNSON AND HER TWO LITTLE BOYS.

THE ARRIVALS OF A SINGLE MONTH.
Sixty Passengers came in one Month—Twenty-eight in one Arrival—Great Panic and Indignation Meeting—Interesting Correspondence from Masters and Fugitives.

A SLAVE GIRL'S NARRATIVE.
Cordelia Loney, Slave of Mrs. Joseph Cahell, (widow of the late Hon. Joseph Cahell, of Virginia)—Cordelia's Escape from her Mistress in Philadelphia.

ARRIVAL OF JACKSON, ISAAC AND EDMONDSON TURNER FROM PETERSBURG.
Touching Scene on Meeting their Old Blind Father at the U.G.R.R. Depot.

ROBERT BROWN ALIAS THOMAS JONES.
Crossing the River on Horseback in the Night.

ANTHONY LONEY ALIAS WILLIAM ARMSTEAD AND CORNELIUS SCOTT.

SAMUEL WILLIAMS ALIAS JOHN WILLIAMS.

BARNABY GRIGBY ALIAS JOHN BOYER, AND MARY ELIZABETH HIS WIFE, FRANK WANZER ALIAS ROBERT SCOTT, EMILY FOSTER ALIAS ANN WOOD.

WILLIAM JORDAN ALIAS WILLIAM PRICE.

JOSEPH GRANT AND JOHN SPEAKS.
Two Passengers viâ Liverpool.

WILLIAM N. TAYLOR.
"One Hundred Dollars Reward".

LOUISA BROWN, JACOB WATERS, AND ALFRED GOULDEN.

ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE.
Jefferson Pipkins alias David Jones, Louisa Pipkins, Elizabeth Brit, Harriet Brown, alias Jane Wooton, Gracy Murry alias Sophia Sims, Edward Williams alias Henry Johnson, Charles Lee alias Thomas Bushier.

SEVERAL ARRIVALS FROM DIFFERENT PLACES.
Henry Anderson, Charles and Margaret Congo, Chaskey Brown, William Henry Washington, James Alfred Frisley, Charles Henry Salter, Stephen Taylor, Charles Brown, Charles H. Hollis, Luther Dorsey.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND.
Jeremiah W. Smith and wife Julia.

EIGHT ARRIVALS.
James Massey, Perry Henry Trusty, George Rhoads, James Rhoads, George Washington, Sarah Elizabeth Rhoads, and Child, Mary Elizabeth Stephenson.

CHARLES THOMPSON.
Carrier of "The National American".

BLOOD FLOWED FREELY.
Abram Galloway and Richard Eden—Secreted in a Vessel Loaded with Spirits of Turpentine—Shrouds Prepared to Prevent being Smoked to Death—Abram a Soldier under Father Abraham—Senator of North Carolina.

JOHN PETTIFOOT.
"One Hundred Dollars Reward" Offered—McHenry and McCulloch Anxious About John.

EMANUEL T. WHITE.
"Would rather Fight than Eat".

THE ESCAPE OF A CHILD FOURTEEN MONTHS OLD.
Letter from "J.B."—Letters from E.L. Stevens ... Great Anxiety and Care.

ESCAPE OF A YOUNG SLAVE MOTHER.
Baby, Little Girl and Husband left Behind—Three Hundred Dollars Reward Offered.

SAMUEL W. JOHNSON.
Arrival from the Richmond Daily Dispatch Office—"Uncle Tom's Cabin" turned Sam's Brain—Affecting Letters.

FAMILY FROM BALTIMORE.
Stephen Amos alias Henry Johnson, Harriet alias Mary Jane Johnson, and their four children, Ann Rebecca, William H., Elizabeth and Mary Ellen.

ELIJAH HILTON.
From Richmond—"Five Hundred Dollars Reward" offered by R.J. Christian.... Grateful letter from Canada.

SOLOMON BROWN.
Arrived per City of Richmond—Letter from Canada containing expressions of Gratitude.

WILLIAM HOGG ALIAS JOHN SMITH.
Traveler from Maryland—William was much troubled about his Wife left behind—Letter from Canada.

TWO FEMALE PASSENGERS FROM MARYLAND.
Ann Johnson and Lavina Woolfley Sold—Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire.

CAPTAIN F. AND THE MAYOR OF NORFOLK.
Twenty-one Passengers secreted in Captain Fountain's Boat—Mayor and Posse of Officers on the Boat searching for U.G.R.R. Passengers.

ARRIVALS FROM DIFFERENT PLACES.
Matilda Mahoney—Dr. J.W. Pennington's Brother and Sons—Great Adventure to deliver a Lover.

FLEEING GIRL OF FIFTEEN IN MALE ATTIRE.
Ann Maria Weems alias Joe Wright—Great Triumph—Arrival on Thanksgiving Day—Interesting letters from J. Bigelow.

FIVE YEARS AND ONE MONTH SECRETED.
John Henry, Hezekiah and James Hill.

FROM VIRGINIA, MARYLAND AND DELAWARE.
Archer Barlow, alias Emet Robins—Samuel Bush alias William Oblebee—John Spencer and his son William and James Albert—Robert Fisher—NATHAN HARRIS—Hansel Waples—Rosanna Tonnell, alias Maria Hyde—Mary Ennis alias Licia Hemmit and two Children—Lydia and Louisa Caroline.

SAM, ISAAC, PERRY, CHARLES AND GREEN.
"One Thousand Dollars Reward".

FROM RICHMOND AND NORFOLK, VA.
William B. White, Susan Brooks, and Wm. Henry Atkinson.

FOUR ARRIVALS.
Charlotte and Harriet escape in deep Mourning—White Lady and Child with a Colored Coachman—Three likely Young Men from Baltimore—Four large and two Small Hams—U.G.R.R. Passengers Travelling with their Master's Horses and Carriage—Six Passengers on two Horses, &c.

FROM VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, DELAWARE, NORTH CAROLINA, WASHINGTON, D.C. AND SOUTH CAROLINA.

CHARLES GILBERT,
Fleeing from Davis, a Negro Trader—Secreted under a Hotel—Up a Tree—Under a Floor—In a Thicket—On a Steamer.

LIBERTY OR DEATH.
Jim Bowlegs alias Bill Paul.

SALT-WATER FUGITIVE.

SAMUEL GREEN ALIAS WESLEY KINNARD.
Ten Years in the Penitentiary for having a Copy of Uncle Tom's Cabin in his House.

AN IRISH GIRL'S DEVOTION TO FREEDOM.
In Love with a Slave—Gets him off to Canada—Follows him—Marriage, &c.

"SAM" NIXON ALIAS DR. THOMAS BAYNE.
The Escape of a Dentist on the U.G.R.R. &c.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS.
From Loudoun County, Va., Norfolk, Baltimore, Md., Petersburg, Va., &c.

HEAVY REWARD.
"Two Thousand Six Hundred Dollars Reward" Offered.

SLAVE-TRADER HALL IS FOILED.
Robert McCoy alias William Donar, and Elizabeth Sanders, arrived per steamer.

THE PROTECTION OF SLAVE PROPERTY IN VIRGINIA.
A Bill providing additional Protection for the Slave Property of Citizens of this Commonwealth.

ESCAPING IN A CHEST.
"One Hundred and Fifty Dollars Reward"—Lear Green.

ISAAC WILLIAMS, HENRY BANKS AND KIT NICKLESS.

ARRIVAL OF FIVE PROM THE EASTERN SHORE OF MARYLAND.
Cyrus Mitchell alias John Steel, Joshua Handy alias Hambleton Hamby, Charles Button alias William Robinson, Ephraim Hudson alias John Spry, Francis Molock alias Thomas Jackson.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS ABOUT AUGUST 1ST, 1855.
Francis Hilliard and Others.

DEEP FURROWS ON THE BACK.
Thomas Madden.

PETER MATHEWS ALIAS SAMUEL SPARROWS.
"I might as well be in the Penitentiary as in Slavery."

"MOSES" ARRIVES WITH SIX PASSENGERS.

ESCAPED FROM "A WORTHLESS SOT."
John Atkinson.

WILLIAM BUTCHER ALIAS Wm. T. MTCHELL.
"He was abuseful".

"WHITE ENOUGH TO PASS".

ESCAPING WITH MASTER'S CARRIAGES AND HORSES.
Harriet Shephard, and her five Children with five other Passengers.

EIGHT AND A HALF MONTHS SECRETED.
Washington Somlor alias James Moore.

ARTHUR FOWLER ALIAS BENJAMIN JOHNSON.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS.
About the 1st of June, 1855—Emory Roberts and others.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS ABOUT JANUARY 1ST, 1855.
Verenea Mercer and others.

SLAVE-HOLDER IN MARYLAND WITH THREE COLORED WIVES.
James Griffin alias Thomas Brown.

CAPTAIN F. ARRIVES WITH NINE PASSENGERS.
Names of Passengers.

OWEN AND OTHO TAYLOR'S FLIGHT WITH HORSES, &c.

HEAVY REWARD.
Three Hundred Dollars Reward—"Tom" gone.

CAPT. F. ARRIVES WITH FOURTEEN "PRIME ARTICLES" ON BOARD.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS, LATTER PART OF DECEMBER, 1855, AND BEGINNING OF JANUARY, 1856.
Joseph Cornish and others.

PART OF THE ARRIVALS IN DECEMBER, 1855.
Thomas J. Gooseberry and others.

THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850.
"An Act Respecting Fugitives from Justice, and Persons Escaping from the Services of their Masters."

THE SLAVE HUNTING TRAGEDY IN LANCASTER COUNTY, IN SEPTEMBER, 1851.
"Treason at Christiana".

WILLIAM AND ELLEN CRAFT.
Female Slave in Male Attire, fleeing as a Planter, with her Husband as her Body Servant.

ARRIVALS FROM RICHMOND.
Lewis Cobb and Nancy Brister.

PASSENGERS FROM NORTH CAROLINA, [By SCHOONER.]
Major Latham, William Wilson, Henry Goram, Wiley Madison, and Andrew Shepherd.

THOMAS CLINTON, SAUNEY PRY AND BENJAMIN DUCKET.
Passed over the U.G.R.R. in the Fall of 1856.

ARRIVALS IN APRIL, 1856.
Charles Hall and others.

FIVE FROM GEORGETOWN CROSS-ROADS.
Mother and Child from Norfolk, Va., &c.

PASSENGERS FROM MARYLAND.
William Henry MOODY, BELINDA BIVANS, &c.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, D.C., &c., 1857.
George Carroll, Randolph Branson, John Clagart and William Royan.

ARRIVAL FROM UNIONVILLE, 1857.
Israel Todd and Bazil Aldridge.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1857.
Ordee Lee and Richard J. Booce.

ARRIVAL FROM CAMBRIDGE, 1857.
Silas Long and Solomon Light—"The Mother of Twelve Children"—Old Jane Davis.

BENJAMIN ROSS AND HIS WIFE HARRIET
Fled from Caroline County, Eastern Shore of Maryland, June, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM ALEXANDRIA, IN 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM UNIONVILLE, 1857.

FROM NEW ORLEANS, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, D.C.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL FROM GEORGETOWN CROSS ROADS AND ALEXANDRIA.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL FROM NORFOLK, VA.

ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, D.C.

FOUR ABLE BODIED "ARTICLES" IN ONE ARRIVAL, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM ARLINGTON, MD., 1857.

FIVE PASSENGERS, 1847.

ARRIVAL FROM HOWARD COUNTY, MD., 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MD.

ARRIVAL FROM RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM NORTH CAROLINA, 1857.

ALFRED HOLLON, GEORGE AND CHARLES N. RODGERS.

ARRIVAL FROM KENT COUNTY, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE COUNTY, 1857.

MARY COOPER AND MOSES ARMSTEAD, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM NEAR WASHINGTON, D.C.

HON. L. McLANE'S PROPERTY, SOON AFTER HIS DEATH, TRAVELS VIA THE UNDERGROUND RAIL ROAD—WILLIAM KNIGHT, ESQ. LOSES A SUPERIOR "ARTICLE."

ARRIVAL FROM HARFORD COUNTY, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM NORFOLK, VA., 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM HOOPERVILLE, MD., 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM QUEEN ANNE COUNTY, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE.

ARRIVED FROM DUNWOODY COUNTY, 1858.

ARRIVED FROM ALEXANDRIA, VA., 1857.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM PETERSBURG, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL OF A PARTY OF SIX, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM HIGHTSTOWN, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM BELLAIR.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM NORFOLK, VA., 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM NEAR BALTIMORE, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM THE OLD DOMINION.

ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM NORTH CAROLINA AND DELAWARE.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL FROM THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM HONEY BROOK TOWNSHIP, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM ALEXANDRIA, VA., 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM THE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.

CROSSING THE BAY IN A SKIFF.

ARRIVAL FROM KENT COUNTY, MD., 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM WASHINGTON, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM CECIL COUNTY, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM GEORGETOWN, D.C., 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM SUSSEX COUNTY, 1858.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS IN 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1859.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS, 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM DELAWARE, 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1859.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM MARYLAND, 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, VIRGINIA, AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA.

ARRIVAL FROM SEAFORD, 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM TAPS' NECK, MD., 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1859.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM VIRGINIA, MARYLAND AND DELAWARE.

ARRIVAL FROM DIFFERENT POINTS.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM MARYLAND, 1860.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1860.

ARRIVAL FROM BALTIMORE, 1860.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

ARRIVAL FROM FREDERICKSBURG, 1860.

SUNDRY ARRIVALS FROM MARYLAND, 1860.

CROSSING THE BAY IN A BATTEAU.

ARRIVAL FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY, 1860.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND, 1860.

TWELVE MONTHS IN THE WOODS, 1860.

ARRIVAL FROM MARYLAND.

A SLAVE CATCHER CAUGHT IN HIS OWN TRAP.

TO WHOM IT MIGHT CONCERN.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1858.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND, 1859.

ARRIVAL FROM RICHMOND.

"AUNT HANNAH MOORE."

KIDNAPPING OF RACHEL AND ELIZABETH PARKER—MURDER OF JOSEPH C. MILLER, IN 1851 AND 1852.

ARRIVAL FROM VIRGINIA, 1854.

ARRIVAL FROM NORFOLK.

ARRIVAL OF FIFTEEN FROM NORFOLK, VIRGINIA.

THE CASE OF EUPHEMIA WILLIAMS.

HELPERS AND SYMPATHIZERS AT HOME AND ABROAD—INTERESTING LETTERS.

PAMPHLET AND LETTERS.

LETTERS TO THE WRITER.

WOMAN ESCAPING IN A BOX, 1857.

ORGANIZATION OF THE VIGILANCE COMMITTEE.

PORTRAITS AND SKETCHES.

ESTHER MOORE.

ABIGAIL GOODWIN.

THOMAS GARRETT.

DANIEL GIBBONS.

LUCRETIA MOTT.

JAMES MILLER McKIM.

WILLIAM H. FURNESS, D.D.

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON.

LEWIS TAPPAN.

ELIJAH F. PENNYPACKER.

WILLIAM WRIGHT.

DR. BARTHOLOMEW FUSSELL.

THOMAS SHIPLEY.

ROBERT PURVIS.

JOHN HUNN.

SAMUEL RHOADS.

GEORGE CORSON.

CHARLES D. CLEVELAND.

WILLIAM WHIPPER.

ISAAC T. HOPPER.

SAMUEL D. BURRIS.

MARIANN, GRACE ANNA, AND ELIZABETH R. LEWIS.

CUNNINGHAM'S RACHE.

FRANCES ELLEN WATKINS HARPER.

CLOTELLE; OR, THE COLORED HEROINE.

A TALE OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.

By William Wells Brown

CONTENTS

CLOTELLE

CHAPTER I

THE SOUTHERN SOCIAL CIRCLE

CHAPTER II

THE NEGRO SALE

CHAPTER III

THE SLAVE-SPECULATOR

CHAPTER IV

THE BOAT-RACE

CHAPTER V

THE YOUNG MOTHER

CHAPTER VI

THE SLAVE-MARKET

CHAPTER VII

THE SLAVE-HOLDING PARSON

CHAPTER VIII/td>

A NIGHT IN THE PARSON'S KITCHEN

CHAPTER IX

THE MAN OF HONOR

CHAPTER X

THE QUADROON'S HOME

CHAPTER XI

TO-DAY A MISTRESS, TO-MORROW A SLAVE

CHAPTER XII

THE MOTHER-IN-LAW

CHAPTER XIII

A HARD-HEARTED WOMAN

CHAPTER XIV

THE PRISON

CHAPTER XV

THE ARREST

CHAPTER XVI

DEATH IS FREEDOM

CHAPTER XVII

CLOTELLE

CHAPTER XVIII

A SLAVE-HUNTING PARSON

CHAPTER XIX

THE TRUE HEROINE

CHAPTER XX

THE HERO OF MANY ADVENTURES

CHAPTER XXI

SELF-SACRIFICE

CHAPTER XXII

LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT AND WHAT FOLLOWED

CHAPTER XXIII

MEETING OF THE COUSINS

CHAPTER XXIV

THE LAW AND ITS VICTIM

CHAPTER XXV

THE FLIGHT

CHAPTER XXVI

THE HERO OF A NIGHT

CHAPTER XXVII

TRUE FREEDOM

CHAPTER XXVIII

FAREWELL TO AMERICA

CHAPTER XXIX

A STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND

CHAPTER XXX

NEW FRIENDS

CHAPTER XXXI

THE MYSTERIOUS MEETING

CHAPTER XXXII

THE HAPPY MEETING

CHAPTER XXXIII

THE HAPPY DAY

CHAPTER XXXIV

CLOTELLE MEETS HER FATHER

CHAPTER XXXV

THE FATHER'S RESOLVE

CHAPTER XXXVI

THE RETURN HOME

CHAPTER XXXVII

THE ANGEL OF MERCY

CHAPTER XXXVIII

THE GREAT TUNNEL AND THE MISTAKE

CHAPTER XXXIX

CONCLUSION

ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF THE LIFE AND ESCAPE

OF WM. WELLS BROWN FROM AMERICAN SLAVERY

By Wm. Wells Brown

Written By Himself.

CONTENTS

TESTIMONIALS.

PREFACE TO THE EIGHTH ENGLISH EDITION.

NARRATIVE.

CHAPTER I.

CHAPTER II.

CHAPTER III.

CHAPTER IV.

CHAPTER V.

CHAPTER VI.

CHAPTER VII.

CHAPTER VIII.

CHAPTER IX.

CHAPTER X.

CHAPTER XI.

CHAPTER XII.

THE AMERICAN SLAVE-TRADE.

NARRATIVE OF WILLIAM W. BROWN

A Fugitive Slave

Written By Himself

CONTENTS

PREFACE.

CHAPTER I.

CHAPTER II.

CHAPTER III.

CHAPTER IV.

CHAPTER V.

CHAPTER VI.

CHAPTER VII.

CHAPTER VIII.

CHAPTER IX.

CHAPTER X.

CHAPTER XI.

CHAPTER XII.

CHAPTER XIII.

CHAPTER XIV.

DRED A TALE OF THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP

By Harriet Beecher Stowe

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

PAGE

The Mistress of Canema

1

CHAPTER II.

Clayton

11

CHAPTER III.

The Clayton Family and Sister Anne

22

CHAPTER IV.

The Gordon Family

31

CHAPTER V.

Harry and his Wife

50

CHAPTER VI.

The Dilemma

66

CHAPTER VII.

Consultation

77

CHAPTER VIII.

Old Tiff

82

CHAPTER IX.

The Death

101

CHAPTER X.

The Preparation

106

CHAPTER XI.

The Lovers

116

CHAPTER XII.

Explanations

129

CHAPTER XIII.

Tom Gordon

145

CHAPTER XIV.

Aunt Nesbit's Loss

162

CHAPTER XV.

Mr. Jekyl's Opinions

172

CHAPTER XVI.

Milly's Story

178

CHAPTER XVII.

Uncle John

193

CHAPTER XVIII.

Dred

205

CHAPTER XIX.

The Conspirators

213

CHAPTER XX.

Summer Talk at Canema

224

CHAPTER XXI.

Tiff's Preparations

235

CHAPTER XXII.

The Worshippers

242

CHAPTER XXIII.

The Camp-Meeting

255

CHAPTER XXIV.

Life in the Swamps

285

CHAPTER XXV.

More Summer Talk

293

CHAPTER XXVI.

Milly's Return

307

CHAPTER XXVII.

The Trial

313

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Magnolia Grove

321

CHAPTER XXIX.

The Troubadour

336

CHAPTER XXX.

Tiff's Garden

348

CHAPTER XXXI.

The Warning

357

CHAPTER XXXII.

The Morning Star

362

CHAPTER XXXIII.

The Legal Decision

368

CHAPTER XXXIV.

The Cloud Bursts

379

CHAPTER XXXV.

The Voice in the Wilderness

391

CHAPTER XXXVI.

The Evening Star

395

CHAPTER XXXVII.

The Tie Breaks

403

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

The Purpose

410

CHAPTER XXXIX.

The New Mother

418

CHAPTER XL.

The Flight into Egypt

424

CHAPTER XLI.

The Clerical Conference

436

CHAPTER XLII.

The Result

448

CHAPTER XLIII.

The Slave's Argument

457

CHAPTER XLIV.

The Desert

468

CHAPTER XLV.

Jegar Sahadutha

477

CHAPTER XLVI.

Frank Russel's Opinions

488

CHAPTER XLVII.

Tom Gordon's Plans

497

CHAPTER XLVIII.

Lynch Law

502

CHAPTER XLIX.

More Violence

515

CHAPTER L.

Engedi

521

CHAPTER LI.

The Slave Hunt

530

CHAPTER LII.

"All Over"

535

CHAPTER LIII.

The Burial

542

CHAPTER LIV.

The Escape

547

CHAPTER LV.

Lynch Law again

556

CHAPTER LVI.

Flight

569

CHAPTER LVII.

Clear Shining after Rain

576

APPENDIX   I.

580

APPENDIX  II.

587

APPENDIX III.

596

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

or

Life among the Lowly

By Harriet Beecher Stowe

CONTENTS

VOLUME I

CHAPTER I

In Which the Reader Is Introduced to a Man of Humanity

CHAPTER II

The Mother

CHAPTER III

The Husband and Father

CHAPTER IV

An Evening in Uncle Tom's Cabin

CHAPTER V

Showing the Feelings of Living Property on Changing Owners

CHAPTER VI

Discovery

CHAPTER VII

The Mother's Struggle

CHAPTER VIII

Eliza's Escape

CHAPTER

In Which It Appears That a Senator Is But a Man IX

CHAPTER X

The Property Is Carried Off

CHAPTER XI

In Which Property Gets into an Improper State of Mind

CHAPTER XII

Select Incident of Lawful Trade

CHAPTER XIII

The Quaker Settlement

CHAPTER XIV

Evangeline

CHAPTER XV

Of Tom's New Master, and Various Other Matters

CHAPTER XVI

Tom's Mistress and Her Opinions

CHAPTER XVII

The Freeman's Defence

CHAPTER XVIII

Miss Ophelia's Experiences and Opinions

VOLUME II

CHAPTER

Miss Ophelia's Experiences and Opinions Continued XIX

CHAPTER XX

Topsy

CHAPTER XXI

Kentuck

CHAPTER XXII

"The Grass Withereth-the Flower Fadeth"

CHAPTER XXIII

Henrique

CHAPTER XXIV

Foreshadowings

CHAPTER XXV

The Little Evangelist

CHAPTER XXVI

Death

CHAPTER XXVII

"This Is the Last of Earth"

CHAPTER XXVIII

Reunion

CHAPTER XXIX

The Unprotected

CHAPTER XXX

The Slave Warehouse

CHAPTER XXXI

The Middle Passage

CHAPTER XXXII

Dark Places

CHAPTER XXXIII

Cassy

CHAPTER XXXIV

The Quadroon's Story

CHAPTER XXXV

The Tokens

CHAPTER XXXVI

Emmeline and Cassy

CHAPTER XXXVII

Liberty

CHAPTER XXXVIII

The Victory

CHAPTER XXXIX

The Stratagem

CHAPTER XL

The Martyr

CHAPTER XLI

The Young Master

CHAPTER XLII

An Authentic Ghost Story

CHAPTER XLIII

Results

CHAPTER XLIV

The Liberator

CHAPTER XLV

Concluding Remarks

STEP BY STEP

or, TIDY'S WAY TO FREEDOM.

CONTENTS

STEP BY STEP.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER II

THE BABY.

CHAPTER III

SUNSHINE.

CHAPTER IV

SEVERAL EVENTS.

CHAPTER V

A NEW HOME.

CHAPTER VI

BEGINNINGS OF KNOWLEDGE.

CHAPTER VII

FRANCES.

CHAPTER VIII

PRAYER.

CHAPTER IX

THE FIRST LESSON.

CHAPTER X

LONY'S PETITION.

CHAPTER XI

ROUGH PLACES.

CHAPTER XII

A GREAT UNDERTAKING.

CHAPTER XIII

A LONG JOURNEY.

CHAPTER XIV

CRUELTY.

CHAPTER XV

COTTON.

CHAPTER XVI

RESCUE.

CHAPTER XVII

TRUE LIBERTY.

CHAPTER XVIII

CROWNING MERCIES.

THE IRON FURNACE:

OR,SLAVERY AND SECESSION

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.

SECESSION.

Speech of Colonel Drane—Submission Denounced—Northern Aggression—No more Slave States—Northern isms—Yankees’ Servants—Yankee inferiority—Breckinridge, or immediate, complete, and eternal Separation—A Day of Rejoicing—Abraham Lincoln, President elect—A Union Speech—A Southerner’s Reasons for opposing Secession—Address by a Radical Secessionist—Cursing and Bitterness—A Prayer—Sermon against Secession—List of Grievances—Causes which led to Secession

13—49

CHAPTER II.

VIGILANCE COMMITTEE AND COURT-MARTIAL.

The election of Delegates to determine the status of Mississippi—The Vigilance Committee—Description of its members—Charges—Phonography—No formal verdict—Danger of Assassination—Passports—Escape to Rienzi—Union sentiment—The Conscript Law—Summons to attend Court-Martial—Evacuation of Corinth—Destruction of Cotton—Suffering poor—Relieved by General Halleck

50—69

CHAPTER III.

ARREST, ESCAPE, AND RECAPTURE.

High price of Provisions—Holland Lindsay’s Family—The arrest—Captain Hill—Appearance before Colonel Bradfute at Fulton—Arrest of Benjamin Clarke—Bradfute’s Insolence—General Chalmers—The clerical Spy—General Pfeifer—Under guard—Priceville—General Gordon—Bound for Tupelo—The Prisoners entering the Dungeon—Captain Bruce—Lieutenant Richard Malone—Prison Fare and Treatment—Menial Service—Resolve to escape—Plan of escape—Federal Prisoners—Co-operation of the Prisoners—Declaration of Independence—The Escape—The Separation—Concealment—Travel on the Underground Railroad—Pursuit by Cavalry and Bloodhounds—The Arrest—Dan Barnes, the Mail-robber—Perfidy—Heavily ironed—Return to Tupelo

70—112

CHAPTER IV.

LIFE IN A DUNGEON.

Parson Aughey as Chaplain—Description of the Prisoners—Colonel Walter, the Judge Advocate—Charges and Specifications against Parson Aughey, a Citizen of the Confederate States—Execution of two Tennesseeans—Enlistment of Union Prisoners—Colonel Walter’s second visit—Day of Execution specified—Farewell Letter to my Wife—Parson Aughey’s Obituary penned by himself—Address to his Soul—The Soul’s Reply—Farewell Letter to his Parents—The Union Prisoners’ Petition to Hon. W. H. Seward—The two Prisoners and the Oath of Allegiance—Irish Stories

113—142

CHAPTER V.

EXECUTION OF UNION PRISONERS.

Resolved to Escape—Mode of Executing Prisoners—Removal of Chain—Addition to our Numbers—Two Prisoners become Insane—Plan of Escape—Proves a Failure—Fetters Inspected—Additional Fetters—Handcuffs—A Spy in the Disguise of a Prisoner—Special Police Guard on Duty—A Prisoner’s Discovery—Divine Services—The General Judgment—The Judge—The Laws—The Witnesses—The Concourse—The Sentence

143—167

CHAPTER VI.

SUCCESSFUL ESCAPE.

The Second Plan of Escape—Under the Jail—Egress—Among the Guards—In the Swamp—Travelling on the Underground Railroad—The Fare—Green Corn eaten Raw—Blackberries and Stagnant Water—The Bloodhounds—Tantalizing Dreams—The Pickets—The Cows—Become Sick—Fons Beatus—Find Friends—Union Friend No. Two—The night in the Barn—Death of Newman by Scalding—Union Friend No. Three—Bound for the Union Lines—Rebel Soldiers—Black Ox—Pied Ox—Reach Headquarters in Safety—Emotions on again beholding the Old Flag—Kindness while Sick—Meeting with his Family—Richard Malone again—The Serenade—Leave Dixie—Northward bound

168—211

CHAPTER VII.

SOUTHERN CLASSES—CRUELTY TO SLAVES.

Sandhillers—Dirt-eating—Dipping—Their Mode of Living—Patois—Rain-book—Wife-trade—Coming in to see the Cars—Superstition—Marriage of Kinsfolks—Hardshell Sermon—Causes which lead to the Degradation of this Class—Efforts to Reconcile the Poor Whites to the Peculiar Institution—The Slaveholding Class—The Middle Class—Northern isms—Incident at a Methodist Minister’s House—Question asked a Candidate for Licensure—Reason of Southern Hatred toward the North—Letter to Mr. Jackman—Barbarities and Cruelties of Slavery—Mulattoes—Old Cole—Child Born at Whipping-post—Advertisement of a Keeper of Bloodhounds—Getting Rid of Free Blacks—The Doom of Slavery—Methodist Church South

212—248

CHAPTER VIII.

NOTORIOUS REBELS.—UNION OFFICERS.

Colonel Jefferson Davis—His Speech at Holly Springs, Mississippi—His Opposition to Yankee Teachers and Ministers—A bid for the Presidency—His Ambition—Burr, Arnold, Davis—General Beauregard—Headquarters at Rienzi—Colonel Elliott’s Raid—Beauregard’s Consternation—Personal description—His illness—Popularity waning.—Rev. Dr. Palmer of New Orleans—His influence—The Cincinnati Letter—His Personal Appearance—His Denunciations of General Butler—His Radicalism.—Rev. Dr. Waddell of La Grange, Tennessee—His Prejudices against the North—President of Memphis Synodical College—His Talents prostituted.—Union Officers—General Nelson—General Sherman

249—263

CHAPTER IX.

CONDITION OF THE SOUTH.

Cause of the Rebellion—Prevalence of Union Sentiment in the South—Why not Developed—Stevenson’s Views—Why Incorrect—Cavalry Raids upon Union Citizens—How the Rebels employ Slaves—Slaves Whipped and sent out of the Federal Lines—Resisting the Conscript Law—Kansas Jayhawkers—Guarding Rebel Property—Perfidy of Secessionists—Plea for Emancipation—The South Exhausted—Failure of Crops—Southern Merchants Ruined—Bragg Prohibits the Manufacture and Vending of Intoxicating Liquors—Its Salutary Effect

264—281

CHAPTER X.

BATTLES OF LEESBURG, BELMONT, AND SHILOH.

Rebel Cruelty to Prisoners—The Fratricide—Grant Defeated—Saved by Gunboats—Buell’s Advance—Railroad Disaster—The South Despondent—General Rosecrans—Secession will become Odious even in the South—Poem

282—296

A SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

By Benjamin Brawley

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

THE COMING OF NEGROES TO AMERICA
1. African Origins

2. The Negro in Spanish Exploration

3. Development of the Slave-Trade

4. Planting of Slavery in the Colonies

5. The Wake of the Slave-Ship

CHAPTER II

THE NEGRO IN THE COLONIES
1. Servitude and Slavery

2. The Indian, the Mulatto, and the Free Negro

3. First Effort toward Social Betterment

4. Early Insurrections

CHAPTER III

THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA
1. Sentiment in England and America

2. The Negro in the War

3. The Northwest Territory and the Constitution

4. Early Steps toward Abolition

5. Beginning of Racial Consciousness

CHAPTER IV

THE NEW WEST, THE SOUTH, AND THE WEST INDIES
1. The Cotton-Gin, the New Southwest, and the First Fugitive Slave Law

2. Toussaint L'Ouverture, Louisiana, and the Formal Closing of the Slave-Trade

3. Gabriel's Insurrection and the Rise of the Negro Problem

CHAPTER V

INDIAN AND NEGRO
1. Creek, Seminole, and Negro to 1817: The War of 1812

2. First Seminole War and the Treaties of Indian Spring and Fort Moultrie

3. From the Treaty of Fort Moultrie to the Treaty of Payne's Landing

4. Osceola and the Second Seminole War

CHAPTER VI

EARLY APPROACH TO THE NEGRO PROBLEM
1. The Ultimate Problem and the Missouri Compromise

2. Colonization

3. Slavery

CHAPTER VII

THE NEGRO REPLYâ?" I: REVOLT
1. Denmark Vesey's Insurrection

2. Nat Turner's Insurrection

3. The Amistad and Creole Cases

CHAPTER VIII

THE NEGRO REPLYâ?"II: ORGANIZATION AND AGITATION
1. Walker's "Appeal"

2. The Convention Movement

3. Sojourner Truth and Woman Suffrage

CHAPTER IX

LIBERIA
1. The Place and the People

2. History

(a) Colonization and Settlement

(b) The Commonwealth of Liberia

(c) The Republic of Liberia

3. International Relations

4. Economic and Social Conditions

CHAPTER X

THE NEGRO A NATIONAL ISSUE
1. Current Tendencies

2. The Challenge of the Abolitionists

3. The Contest

CHAPTER XI

SOCIAL PROGRESS, 1820-1860

CHAPTER XII

THE CIVIL WAR AND EMANCIPATION

CHAPTER XIII

THE ERA OF ENFRANCHISEMENT
1. The Problem

2. Meeting the Problem

3. Reaction: The Ku-Klux Klan

4. Counter-Reaction: The Negro Exodus

5. A Postscript on the War and Reconstruction

CHAPTER XIV

THE NEGRO IN THE NEW SOUTH
1. Political Life: Disfranchisement

2. Economic Life: Peonage

3. Social Life: Proscription, Lynching

CHAPTER XV

"THE VALE OF TEARS," 1890-1910
1. Current Opinion and Tendencies

2. Industrial Education: Booker T. Washington

3. Individual Achievement: The Spanish-American War

4. Mob Violence; Election Troubles; The Atlanta Massacre

5. The Question of Labor

6. Defamation; Brownsville

7. The Dawn of a To-morrow

CHAPTER XVI

THE NEGRO IN THE NEW AGE
1. Character of the Period

2. Migration; East St. Louis

3. The Great War

4. High Tension: Washington, Chicago, Elaine

5. The Widening Problem

CHAPTER XVII

THE NEGRO PROBLEM
1. World Aspect

2. The Negro in American Life

3. Face to Face

TWENTY YEARS OF AN AFRICAN SLAVER

By Brantz Mayer

CONTENTS.

PAGE

CHAP. I.—My parentage and education—Apprenticed at Leghorn to an American captain—First voyage—its mishaps—overboard—black cook—Sumatra—cabin-boy—Arrival in Boston—My first command—View of Boston harbor from the mast-head—My first interview with a Boston merchant, William Gray

1

CHAP. II.—My uncle tells my adventure with Lord Byron—Captain Towne, and my life in Salem—My skill in Latin—Five years voyaging from Salem—I rescue a Malay girl at Quallahbattoo—The first slave I ever saw—End of my apprenticeship—My backslidings in Antwerp and Paris—Ship on a British vessel for Brazil—The captain and his wife—Love, grog, and grumbling—A scene in the harbor of Rio—Matrimonial happiness—Voyage to Europe—Wreck and loss on the coast near Ostend

10

CHAP. III.—I design going to South America—A Dutch galliot for Havana—Male and female captain—Run foul of in the Bay of Biscay—Put into Ferrol, in Spain—I am appropriated by a new mother, grandmother, and sisters—A comic scene—How I got out of the scrape—Set sail for Havana—Jealousy of the captain—Deprived of my post—Restored—Refuse to do duty—Its sad consequences—Wrecked on a reef near Cuba—Fisherman-wreckers—Offer to land cargo—Make a bargain with our salvors—A sad denouement—A night bath and escape

19

CHAP. IV.—Bury my body in the sand to escape the insects—Night of horror—Refuge on a tree—Scented by bloodhounds—March to the rancho—My guard—Argument about my fate—“My Uncle” Rafael suddenly appears on the scene—Magic change effected by my relationship—Clothed, and fed, and comforted—I find an uncle, and am protected—Mesclet—Made cook’s mate—Gallego, the cook—His appearance and character—Don Rafael’s story—“Circumstances”—His counsel for my conduct on the island

31

CHAP. V.—Life on a sand key—Pirates and wreckers—Their difference—Our galliot destroyed—the gang goes to Cuba—I am left with Gallego—His daily fishing and nightly flitting—I watch him—My discoveries in the graveyard—Return of the wreckers—“Amphibious Jews”—Visit from a Cuban inspector—“Fishing license”—Gang goes to Cape Verde—Report of a fresh wreck—Chance of escape—Arrival—Return of wreckers—Bachicha and his clipper—Death of Mesclet—My adventures in a privateer—My restoration to the key—Gallego’s charges—His trial and fate

41

CHAP. VI.—I am sent from the key—Consigned to a grocer at Regla—Cibo—His household—Fish-loving padre—Our dinners and studies—Rafael’s fate—Havana—A slaver—I sail for Africa—The Areostatico’s voyage, crew, gale—Mutiny—How I meet it alone—My first night in Africa!

57

CHAP. VII.—Reflections on my conduct and character—Morning after the mutiny—Burial of the dead—My wounds—Jack Ormond or the “Mongo John”—My physician and his prescription—Value of woman’s milk—I make the vessel ready for her slave cargo—I dine with Mongo John—His harem—Frolic in it—Duplicity of my captain—I take service with Ormond as his clerk—I pack the human cargo of the Areostatico—Farewell to my English cabin-boy—His story

68

CHAP. VIII.—I take possession of my new quarters—My household and its fittings—History of Mr. Ormond—How he got his rights in Africa—I take a survey of his property and of my duties—The Cerberus of his harem—Unga-golah’s stealing—Her rage at my opposition—A night visit at my quarters—Esther, the quarteroon—A warning and a sentimental scene—Account of an African factor’s harem—Mongo John in his decline—His women—Their flirtations—Battles among the girls—How African beaus fight a duel for love!—Scene of passionate jealousy among the women

76

CHAP. IX.—Pains and dreariness of the “wet season”—African rain!—A Caravan announced as coming to the Coast—Forest paths and trails in Africa—How we arrange to catch a caravan—“Barkers,” who they are—Ahmah-de-Bellah, son of the Ali-Mami of Footha-Yallon—A Fullah chief leads the caravan of 700 persons—Arrival of the caravan—Its character and reception—Its produce taken charge of—People billeted—Mode of trading for the produce of a caravan—(Note: Account of the produce, its value and results)—Mode of purchasing the produce—Sale over—Gift of an ostrich—Its value in guns—Bungee or “dash”—Ahmah-de-Bellah—How he got up his caravan—Blocks the forest paths—Convoy duties—Value and use of blocking the forest paths—Collecting debts, &c.—My talks with Ahmah—his instructions and sermons on Islamism—My geographical disquisitions, rotundity of the world, the Koran—I consent to turn, minus the baptism!—Ahmah’s attempt to vow me to Islamism—Fullah punishments—Slave wars—Piety and profit—Ahmah and I exchange gifts—A double-barrelled gun for a Koran—I promise to visit the Fullah country

84

CHAP. X.—Mode of purchasing Slaves at factories—Tricks of jockeys—Gunpowder and lemon-juice—I become absolute manager of the stores—Reconciliation with Unga-golah—La belle Esther—I get the African fever—My nurses—Cured by sweating and bitters—Ague—Showerbath remedy—Mr. Edward Joseph—My union with him—I quit the Mongo, and take up my quarters with the Londoner

94

CHAP. XI.—An epoch in my life in 1827—A vessel arrives consigned to me for slaves—La Fortuna—How I managed to sell my cigars and get a cargo, though I had no factory—My first shipment—(Note on the cost and profit of a slave voyage)—How slaves are selected for various markets, and shipped—Go on board naked—hearty feed before embarkation—Stowage—Messes—Mode of eating—Grace—Men and women separated—Attention to health, cleanliness, ventilation—Singing and amusements—Daily purification of the vessel—Night, order and silence preserved by negro constables—Use and disuse of handcuffs—Brazilian slavers—(Note on condition of slavers since the treaty with Spain)

99

CHAP. XII.—How a cargo of slaves is landed in Cuba—Detection avoided—“Gratificaciones.” Clothes distributed—Vessel burnt or sent in as a coaster, or in distress—A slave’s first glimpse of a Cuban plantation—Delight with food and dress—Oddity of beasts of burden and vehicles—A slave’s first interview with a negro postilion—the postilion’s sermon in favor of slavery—Dealings with the anchorites—How tobacco smoke blinds public functionaries—My popularity on the Rio Pongo—Ormond’s enmity to me

107

CHAP. XIII.—I become intimate with “Country princes” and receive their presents—Royal marriages—Insulting to refuse a proffered wife—I am pressed to wed a princess and my diplomacy to escape the sable noose—My partner agrees to marry the princess—The ceremonial of wooing and wedding in African high life—Coomba

110

CHAP. XIV.—Joseph, my partner, has to fly from Africa—How I save our property—My visit to the Bagers—their primitive mode of life—Habits—Honesty—I find my property unguarded and safe—My welcome in the village—Gift of a goat—Supper—Sleep—A narrow escape in the surf on the coast—the skill of Kroomen

118

CHAP. XV.—I study the institution of Slavery in Africa—Man becomes a “legal tender,” or the coin of Africa—Slave wars, how they are directly promoted by the peculiar adaptation of the trade of the great commercial nations—Slavery an immemorial institution in Africa—How and why it will always be retained—Who are made home slaves—Jockeys and brokers—Five sixths of Africa in domestic bondage

126

CHAP. XVI.—Caravan announced—Mami-de-Yong, from Footha-Yallon, uncle of Ahmah-de-Bellah—My ceremonious reception—My preparations for the chief—Coffee—his school and teaching—Narrative of his trip to Timbuctoo—Queer black-board map—prolix story teller—Timbuctoo and its trade—Slavery

129

CHAP. XVII.—I set forth on my journey to Timbo, to see the father of Ahmah-de-Bellah—My caravan and its mode of travel—My Mussulman passport—Forest roads—Arrive at Kya among the Mandingoes—My lodgings—Ibrahim Ali—Our supper and “bitters”—A scene of piety, love and liquor—Next morning’s headache—Ali-Ninpha begs leave to halt for a day—I manage our Fullah guide—My fever—Homœopathic dose of Islamism from the Koran—My cure—Afternoon

136

CHAP. XVIII.—A ride on horseback—Its exhilaration in the forest—Visit to the Devil’s Fountain—Tricks of an echo and sulphur water—Ibrahim and I discourse learnedly upon the ethics of fluids—My respect for national peculiarities—Our host’s liberality—Mandingo etiquette at the departure of a guest—A valuable gift from Ibrahim and its delicate bestowal—My offering in return—Tobacco and brandy

143

CHAP. XIX.—A night bivouac in the forest—Hammock swung between trees—A surprise and capture—What we do with the fugitive slaves—A Mandingo upstart and his “town”—Inhospitality—He insults my Fullah leader—A quarrel—The Mandingo is seized and his townsfolk driven out—We tarry for Ali-Ninpha—He returns and tries his countrymen—Punishment—Mode of inculcating the social virtues among these interior tribes—We cross the Sanghu on an impromptu bridge—Game—Forest food—Vegetables—A “Witch’s cauldron” of reptiles for the negroes

147

CHAP. XX.—Spread of Mahometanism in the interior of Africa—The external aspect of nature in Africa—Prolific land—Indolence a law of the physical constitution—My caravan’s progress—The Ali-Mami’s protection, its value—Forest scenery—Woods, open plains, barrancas and ravines—Their intense heat—Prairies—Swordgrass—River scenery, magnificence of the shores, foliage, flowers, fruits and birds; picturesque towns, villages and herds—Mountain scenery, view, at morning, over the lowlands—An African noon

153

CHAP. XXI.—We approach Tamisso—Our halt at a brook—bathing, beautifying, and adornment of the women—Message and welcome from Mohamedoo, by his son, with a gift of food—Our musical escort and procession to the city—My horse is led by a buffoon of the court, who takes care of my face—Curiosity of the townsfolk to see the white Mongo—I pass on hastily to the Palace of Mohamedoo—What an African palace and its furniture is—Mohamedoo’s appearance, greeting and dissatisfaction—I make my present and clear up the clouds—I determine to bathe—How the girls watch me—Their commentaries on my skin and complexion—Negro curiosity—A bath scene—Appearance of Tamisso, and my entertainment there

157

CHAP. XXII.—Improved character of country and population as we advance to the interior—We approach Jallica—Notice to Suphiana—A halt for refreshment and ablutions—Ali-Ninpha’s early home here—A great man in Soolimana—Sound of the war-drum at a distance—Our welcome—Entrance to the town—My party, with the Fullah, is barred out—We are rescued—Grand ceremonial procession and reception, lasting two hours—I am, at last, presented to Suphiana—My entertainment in Jallica—A concert—Musical instruments—Madoo, the ayah—I reward her dancing and singing

162

CHAP. XXIII.—Our caravan proceeds towards Timbo—Met and welcomed in advance, on a lofty table land, by Ahmah-de-Bellah—Psalm of joy song by the Fullahs for our safety—We reach Timbo before day—A house has been specially built and furnished for me—Minute care for my taste and comforts—Ahmah-de-Bellah a trump—A fancy dressing-gown and ruffled shirt—I bathe, dress, and am presented to the Ali-Mami—His inquisitive but cordial reception and recommendation—Portrait of a Fullah king—A breakfast with his wife—My formal reception by the Chiefs of Timbo and Sulimani-Ali—The ceremonial—Ahmah’s speech as to my purposes—Promise of hospitality—My gifts—I design purchasing slaves—scrutiny of the presents—Cantharides—Abdulmomen-Ali, a prince and book-man—His edifying discourse on Islamism—My submission

167

CHAP. XXIV.—Site of Timbo and the surrounding country—A ride with the princes—A modest custom of the Fullahs in passing streams—Visit to villages—The inhabitants fly, fearing we are on a slave scout—Appearance of the cultivated lands, gardens, near Findo and Furo—Every body shuns me—A walk through Timbo—A secret expedition—I watch the girls and matrons as they go to the stream to draw water—Their figures, limbs, dress—A splendid headdress—The people of Timbo, their character, occupation, industry, reading—I announce my approaching departure—Slave forays to supply me—A capture of forty-five by Sulimani-Ali—The personal dread of me increases—Abdulmomen and Ahmah-de-Bellah continue their slave hunts by day, and their pious discourses on Islamism by night—I depart—The farewell gifts—two pretty damsels

176

CHAP. XXV.—My home journey—We reach home with a caravan near a thousand strong—Kambia in order—Mami-de-Yong and my clerk—The story and fate of the Ali-Mami’s daughter Beeljie

183

CHAP. XXVI.—Arrival of a French slaver, La Perouse, Captain Brulôt—Ormond and I breakfast on board—Its sequel—We are made prisoners and put in irons—Short mode of collecting an old debt on the coast of Africa—The Frenchman gets possession of our slaves—Arrival of a Spanish slaver

190

CHAP. XXVII.—Ormond communicates with the Spaniard, and arranges for our rescue—La Esperanza—Brulôt gives in—How we fine him two hundred and fifty doubloons for the expense of his suit, and teach him the danger of playing tricks upon African factors

196

CHAP. XXVIII.—Capt. Escudero of the Esperanza dies—I resolve to take his place in command and visit Cuba—Arrival of a Danish slaver—Quarrel and battle between the crews of my Spaniard and the Dane—The Dane attempts to punish me through the duplicity of Ormond—I bribe a servant and discover the trick—My conversation with Ormond—We agree to circumvent the enemy—How I get a cargo without cash

200

CHAP. XXIX.—Off to sea—A calm—A British man-of-war—Boat attack—Reinforcement—A battle—A catastrophe—A prisoner

206

CHAP. XXX.—I am sent on board the corvette—My reception—A dangerous predicament—The Captain and surgeon make me comfortable for the night—Extraordinary conveniences for escape, of which I take the liberty to avail myself

214

CHAP. XXXI.—I drift away in a boat with my servant—Our adventures till we land in the Isles de Loss—My illness and recovery—I return to the Rio Pongo—I am received on board a French slaver—Invitation to dinner—Monkey soup and its consequences

218

CHAP. XXXII.—My greeting in Kambia—The Feliz from Matanzas—Negotiations for her cargo—Ormond attempts to poison me—Ormond’s suicide—His burial according to African customs

222

CHAP. XXXIII.—A visit to the Matacan river in quest of slaves—My reception by the king—His appearance—Scramble for my gifts—How slaves are sometimes trapped on a hasty hunt—I visit the Matacan Wizard; his cave, leopard, blind boy—Deceptions and jugglery—Fetiches—A scale of African intellect

227

CHAP. XXXIV.—What became of the Esperanza’s officers and crew—The destruction of my factory at Kambia by fire—I lose all but my slaves—the incendiary detected—Who instigated the deed—Ormond’s relatives—Death of Esther—I go to sea in a schooner from Sierra Leone—How I acquire a cargo of slaves in the Rio Nunez without money

233

CHAP. XXXV.—I escape capture—Symptoms of mutiny and detection of the plot—How we put it down

240

CHAP. XXXVI.—A “white squall”—I land my cargo near St. Jago de Cuba—Trip to Havana on horseback—My consignees and their prompt arrangements—success of my voyage—Interference of the French Consul—I am nearly arrested—How things were managed, of old, in Cuba

244

CHAP. XXXVII.—A long holiday—I am wrecked on a key—My rescue by salvors—New Providence—I ship on the San Pablo, from St. Thomas’s, as sailing master—Her captain and his arrangements—Encounter a transport—Benefit of the small-pox—Mozambique Channel—Take cargo near Quillimane—How we managed to get slaves—Illness of our captain—The small-pox breaks out on our brig—Its fatality

248

CHAP. XXXVIII.—Our captain longs for calomel, and how I get it from a Scotchman—Our captain’s last will and testament—We are chased by a British cruiser—How we out-manœvred and crippled her—Death of our captain—Cargo landed and the San Pablo burnt

255

CHAP. XXXIX.—My returns from the voyage $12,000, and how I apply them—A custom-house encounter which loses me La Conchita and my money—I get command of a slaver for Ayudah—La Estrella—I consign her to the notorious Da Souza or Cha-cha—His history and mode of life in Africa—His gambling houses and women—I keep aloof from his temptations, and contrive to get my cargo in two months

260

CHAP. XL.—All Africans believe in divinities or powers of various degree, except the Bagers—Iguanas worshipped in Ayudah—Invitation to witness the HUMAN SACRIFICES at the court of Dahomey—How they travel to Abomey—The King, his court, amazons, style of life, and brutal festivities—Superstitious rights at Lagos—The Juju hunts by night for the virgin to be sacrificed—Gree-gree bush—The sacrifice—African priest and kingcraft

265

CHAP. XLI.—My voyage home in the Estrella—A revolt of the slaves during a squall, and how we were obliged to suppress it—Use of pistols and hot water

272

CHAP. XLII.—Smallpox and a necessary murder—Bad luck every where—A chase and a narrow escape

276

CHAP. XLIII.—The Aguila de Oro, a Chesapeake clipper—my race with the Montesquieu—I enter the river Salum to trade for slaves—I am threatened, then arrested, and my clipper seized by French man-of-war’s men—Inexplicable mystery—We are imprisoned at Goree—Transferred to San Louis on the Senegal—The Frenchmen appropriate my schooner without condemnation—How they used her The sisters of charity in our prison—The trial scene in court, and our sentence—Friends attempt to facilitate my escape, but our plans detected—I am transferred to a guard-ship in the stream—New projects for my escape—A jolly party and the nick of time, but the captain spoils the sport

280

CHAP. XLIV.—I am sent to France in the frigate Flora—Sisters of charity—The prison of Brest—My prison companions—Prison mysteries—Corporal Blon—I apply to the Spanish minister—Transfer to the civil prison

286

CHAP. XLV.—Madame Sorret and my new quarters—Mode of life—A lot of Catalan girls—Prison boarding and lodging—Misery of the convicts in the coast prisons—Improvement of the central prisons

292

CHAP. XLVI.—New lodgers in our quarters—How we pass our time in pleasant diversions by aid of the Catalan girls and my cash—Soirées—My funds give out—Madame Sorret makes a suggestion—I turn schoolmaster, get pupils, teach English and penmanship, and support my whole party

295

CHAP. XLVII.—Monsieur Germaine, the forger—His trick—Cause of Germaine’s arrest—An adroit and rapid forgery—Its detection

300

CHAP. XLVIII.—Plan of escape—Germaine’s project against Babette—A new scheme for New Year’s night—Passports—Pietro Nazzolini and Dominico Antonetti—Preparations for our “French leave”—How the attempt eventuated

304

CHAP. XLIX.—Condition of the sentinel when he was found—His story—Prison researches next day—How we avoid detection—Louis Philippe receives my petition favorably—Germaine’s philosophic pilfering and principles—His plan to rob the Santissima Casa of Loretto—He designs making an attempt on the Emperor Nicholas—I am released and banished from France

310

CHAP. L.—I go to Portugal, and return in disguise to Marseilles, in order to embark for Africa—I resolve to continue a slaver—A Marseilles hotel during the cholera—Doctor Du Jean and Madame Duprez—Humors of the table d’hôte—Coquetry and flirtation—A phrenological denouement

316

CHAP. LI.—I reach Goree, and hasten to Sierra Leone, where I become a coast-pilot to Gallinas—Site of that celebrated factory—Don Pedro Blanco—His monopoly of the Vey country—Slave-trade and its territorial extent prior to the American Scheme of Colonization—Blanco’s arrangements, telegraphs, &c. at Gallinas—Appearance and mode of life—Blanco and the Lords’ prayer in Latin

324

CHAP. LII.—Anecdotes of Blanco—Growth of slave-trade in the Vey country—Local wars—Amarar and Shiakar—Barbarities of the natives

330

CHAP. LIII.—I visit Liberia, and observe a new phase of negro development—I go to New Sestros, and establish trade—Trouble with Prince Freeman—The value of gunpowder physic

335

CHAP. LIV.—My establishment at New Sestros, and how I created the slave-trade in that region—The ordeal of Saucy-Wood—My mode of attacking a superstitious usage, and of saving the victims—The story of Barrah and his execution

339

CHAP. LV.—No river at New Sestros—Beach—Kroomen and Fishmen—Bushmen—Kroo boats—I engage a fleet of them for my factory—I ship a cargo of slaves in a hurry—My mode of operating—Value of rum and mock coral beads—Return of the cruiser

344

CHAP. LVI.—I go on a pleasure voyage in the Brilliant, accompanied by Governor Findley—Murder of the Governor—I fit out an expedition to revenge his death—A fight with the beach negroes—We burn five towns—A disastrous retreat—I am wounded—Vindication of Findley’s memory

349

CHAP. LVII.—What Don Pedro Blanco thought of my Quixotism—Painful effects of my wound—Blanco’s liberality to Findley’s family—My slave nurseries on the coast—Digby—I pack nineteen negroes on my launch, and set sail for home—Disastrous voyage—Stories—I land my cargo at night at Monrovia, and carry it through the colony!—Some new views of commercial Morality!

356

CHAP. LVIII.—My compliments to British cruisers—The Bonito—I offer an inspection of my barracoons, &c., to her officers—A lieutenant and the surgeon are sent ashore—My reception of them, and the review of my slaves, feeding, sleeping, &c.—Our night frolic—Next morning—A surprise—The Bonito off, and her officers ashore!—Almost a quarrel—How I pacified my guests over a good breakfast—Sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander

362

CHAP. LIX.—Ups and downs—I am captured in a Russian vessel, and sent to Sierra Leone—It is resolved that I am to be despatched to England—I determine to take French leave—Preparation to celebrate a birthday—A feast—A martinet—Corporal Blunt—Pleasant effects of cider—A swim for life and liberty at night—My concealment—I manage to equip myself, and depart in a Portuguese vessel—I ship thirty-one slaves at Digby—A narrow escape from a cruiser—My return to New Sestros—Report of my death—How I restored confidence in my actual existence—Don Pedro’s notion of me—The gift of a donkey, and its disastrous effect on the married ladies of New Sestros

369

CHAP. LX.—The confession of a dying sailor—Sanchez—The story of the murder of Don Miguel, and destruction of his factory by Thompson—A piratical revenge—An auto-da-fé at sea

377

CHAP. LXI.—My establishment at Digby—The rival kinsmen, and their quarrel—Jen-ken, the Bushman—My arrival at Digby, carousal—A night attack by the rival and his allies—A rout—Horrid scenes of massacre, barbarity, and cannibalism—My position and ransom

382

CHAP. LXII.—I escape from the bloody scene in a boot with a Krooman—Storm on the coast—My perilous attempt to land at Gallinas—How I am warned off—An African tornado—The sufferings of my companion and myself while exposed in the boat, and our final rescue

387

CHAP. LXIII.—Don Pedro Blanco leaves Gallinas—I visit Cape Mount, to restore his son to the Chief—His reception—I go to England in the Gil Blas; she is run down by steamer in the Channel—Rescued, and reach Dover—I see London and the British Islands—The diversions, sufferings, and opinions of my servant Lunes in Great Britain—He leaves voluntarily for Africa—A queer chat and scene with the ladies—His opinion of negro dress and negro bliss

391

CHAP. LXIV.—I make arrangements for future trade and business with Mr. Redman—I go to Havana, resolved to obtain a release from Blanco, and engage in lawful commerce—Don Pedro refuses, and sends me back with a freight—A voyage with two African females revisiting their native country—Their story in Cuba; results of frugality and industry—Shiakar’s daughter—Her reception at home—Her disgust with her savage home in Africa, and return to Cuba

396

CHAP. LXV.—I find my establishment in danger, from the colonists and others—A correspondence with Lieut. Bell, U. S. N.—Harmless termination of Governor Buchanan’s onslaught—Threatened with famine; my relief—The Volador takes 749 slaves;—The last cargo I ever shipped

399

CHAP. LXVI.—I am attacked by the British cruiser Termagant, Lieut. Seagram—Correspondence and diplomacy—I go on board the cruiser in a damp uniform—My reception and jollification—I confess my intention to abandon the Slave-trade—My compact with Seagram—How we manage Prince Freeman—His treaty with the Lieutenant for the suppression of the trade—The negro’s duplicity outwits himself—The British officer guaranties the safe removal of my property, whereupon I release 100 slaves—Captain Denman’s destruction of Gallinas—Freeman begins to see my diplomacy, and regrets his inability to plunder my property, as the natives had done at Gallinas—His plot to effect this—How I counteract it

405

CHAP. LXVII.—My barracoons destroyed—Adieus to New Sestros—I sail with Seagram, in the Termagant, for Cape Mount—A slaver in sight—All the nautical men depart to attack her in boats during a calm—I am left in charge of Her Britannic Majesty’s cruiser—The fruitless issue—Escape of the Serea

411

CHAP. LXVIII.—We land at Cape Mount, and obtain a cession of territory, by deed, from King Fana-Toro and Prince Gray—I explore the region—Site of old English slave factory—Difficulty of making the negroes comprehend my improvements at New Florence—Negro speculations and philosophy in regard to labor.

414

CHAP. LXIX.—Visit to Monrovia—Description of the colony and its products—Speculations on the future of the republic, and the character of colored colonization

419

CHAP. LXX.—I remove, and settle permanently at New Florence—I open communications with cruisers to supply them with provisions, &c.—Anecdote of Soma, the gambler—His sale and danger in the hands of a Bushman—Mode of gambling one’s self away in Africa—A letter from Governor Macdonald destroys my prospect of British protection—I haul down the British flag—I determine to devote myself to husbandry—Bad prospect

424

CHAP. LXXI.—Account of the character of the Vey negroes—The Gree-gree bush—Description of this institution, its rites, services, and uses—Marriage and midwifery—A scene with Fana-Toro, at Toso—Human sacrifice of his enemy; frying a heart; indignity committed on the body—Anecdote of the king’s endurance; burns his finger as a test, and rallies his men—Death of Prince Gray—Funeral rites among the Vey people—Smoking the corpse—I am offered the choice of his widows

429

CHAP. LXXII.—My workshops, gardens, and plantations at the Cape Mount settlement—I do not prosper as a farmer or trader with the interior—I decide to send a coaster to aid in the transfer of the Yankee clipper A—— to a slaver—I part on bad terms with the British—Game at Cape Mount—Adventure of a boy and an Ourang-outang—How we killed leopards, and saved our castle—Mode of hunting elephants—Elephant law

437

CHAP. LXXIII.—Fana-Toro’s war, and its effect on my establishment—I decline joining actively in the conflict—I allow captives to be shipped by a Gallinas factor—Two years of blockade by the British—A miraculous voyage of a long-boat with thirty-three slaves to Bahia—My disasters and mishaps at Cape Mount in consequence of this war—Exaggerations of my enemies—My true character—Letter from Rev. John Seys to me—My desire to aid the missionaries—Cain and Curtis stimulate the British against me—Adventure of the Chancellor—the British destroy my establishment—Death of Fana-Toro—The natives revenge my loss—The end

442

THE WHITE SLAVES OF ENGLAND

Compiled From Official Documents.

By John C. Cobden

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.

General Slavery proceeding from the existence of the British Aristocracy

Page 13

CHAPTER II.

Slavery in the British Mines

28

CHAPTER III.

Slavery in the British Factories

104

CHAPTER IV.

Slavery in the British Workshops

168

CHAPTER V.

The Workhouse System of Britain

206

CHAPTER VI.

Impressment, or Kidnapping White Men for Slaves in the Naval Service

257

CHAPTER VII.

Irish Slavery

284

CHAPTER VIII.

The Menial Slaves of Great Britain

370

CHAPTER IX.

Mental and Moral Condition of the White Slaves in Great Britain

379

CHAPTER X.

Coolie Slavery in the British Colonies

433

CHAPTER XI.

Slavery in British India

441

CHAPTER XII.

The Crime and the Duty of the English Government

489

THE BLACK EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA

By Norman Coombs

CONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgments

The Human Cradle

West African Empires

The Culture of West Africa

The Slave Trade

Caribbean Interlude

The Shape of American Slavery

North American and South American Slavery

Slavery and the Formation of Character

Slave Response

Slavery and the American Revolution

Slave Insurrections

Growing Racism

Black Moderates and Militants

White Liberals

Growth of Extremism

Blue, Gray, and Black

Reconstruction and Its Failure

The New Racism

Fighting Jim Crow

Making the World Safe for Democracy

Urban Riots

The Klan Revival

The Debate Over Means and Ends

Booker T. Washington: The Trumpet of Conciliation

W. E. B. DuBois: The Trumpet of Confrontation

Marcus Garvey: The Trumpet of Pride

A. Philip Randolph: The Trumpet of Mobilization

Immigration and Migration

Harlem: "The Promised Land"

The Negro Renaissance

Black Nationalism

Hard Times Again

The Second World War

The U.S. and the U.N.

Schools and Courts

The Civil Rights Movement

Civil Disorders

Black Power

Epilogue

WHERE THE TWAIN MEET

By Mary Gaunt

CONTENTS

PREFACE

WHERE THE TWAIN MEET

CHAPTER I

BRITAIN'S FIRST TROPICAL COLONY

CHAPTER II

THE WHITE BONDSMEN

CHAPTER III

JAMAICA'S FIRST HISTORIAN

CHAPTER IV

THE CASTLES ON THE GUINEA COAST

CHAPTER V

THE MIDDLE PASSAGE

CHAPTER VI

THE PLANTATION

CHAPTER VII

SLAVE REBELLIONS

CHAPTER VIII

THE MAROONS

CHAPTER IX

THE FOOTPRINTS OF THE YEARS

CHAPTER X

THE MAKING OF CHRISTIANS

CHAPTER XI

THE FREEING OF THE SLAVE

CHAPTER XII

JAMAICA AS I SAW IT

FATHER HENSON'S STORY OF HIS OWN LIFE.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.

MY BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD.

1

Earliest memories.—Born in Maryland.—My father's first appearance.—Attempted outrage on my mother.—My father's fight with an overseer.—One hundred stripes and his ear cut off.—Throws away his banjo and becomes morose.—Sold South.

CHAPTER II.

MY FIRST GREAT TRIAL.

8

Origin of my name.—A kind master.—He is drowned.—My mother's prayers.—A slave auction.—Torn from my mother.—Severe sickness.—A cruel master.—Sold again and restored to my mother.

CHAPTER III.

MY BOYHOOD AND YOUTH.

16

Early employment.—Slave-life.—Food, lodging, clothing.—Amusements.—Gleams of sunshine.—My knight-errantry.—Become an overseer and general superintendent.

CHAPTER IV.

MY CONVERSION.

25

A good man.—Hear a sermon for the first time.—Its effects upon me.—Prayer and communion.—Its first fruits.

CHAPTER V.

MAIMED FOR LIFE.

31

Taking care of my drunken master.—His fight with an overseer.—Rescue him.—Am terribly beaten by the overseer.—My master seeks redress at law, but fails.—Sufferings then and since.—Retain my post as superintendent.

CHAPTER VI.

A RESPONSIBLE JOURNEY.

42

My marriage.—Marriage of my master.—His ruin.—Comes to me for aid.—A great enterprise undertaken.—Long and successful journey.—Incidents by the way.—Struggle between inclination and duty.—Duty triumphant.

CHAPTER VII.

A NEW HOME.

55

Become a Methodist preacher.—My poor companions sold.—My agony.—Sent for again.—Interview with a kind Methodist preacher.—Visit free soil and begin my struggle for freedom.

CHAPTER VIII.

RETURN TO MARYLAND.

66

Reception from my old master.—A slave again.—Appeal to an old friend.—Buy my freedom.—Cheated and betrayed.—Back to Kentucky, and a slave again.

CHAPTER IX.

TAKEN SOUTH, AWAY FROM WIFE AND CHILDREN.

79

Start for New Orleans.—Study navigation on the Mississippi.—The captain struck blind.—Find some of my old companions.—The lower depths.

CHAPTER X.

A TERRIBLE TEMPTATION.

86

Sigh for death.—A murder in my heart.—The axe raised.—Conscience speaks and I am saved.—God be praised!

CHAPTER XI.

PROVIDENTIAL DELIVERANCE.

93

Offered for sale.—Examined by purchasers.—Plead with my young master in vain.—Man's extremity, God's opportunity.—Good for evil.—Return North.—My increased value.—Resolve to be a slave no longer.

CHAPTER XII.

ESCAPE FROM BONDAGE.

102

Solitary Musings.—Preparations for flight.—A long good-night to master.—A dark night on the river.—Night journeys in Indiana.—On the brink of starvation.—A kind woman.—A new style of drinking cup.—Reach Cincinnati.

CHAPTER XIII.

JOURNEY TO CANADA.

113

Good Samaritans.—Alone in the wilderness.—Meet some Indians.—Reach Sandusky.—Another friend.—All aboard.—Buffalo.—A "free nigger."—Frenzy of joy on reaching Canada.

CHAPTER XIV.

NEW SCENES AND A NEW HOME.

128

A poor man in a strange land.—Begin to acquire property.—Resume preaching.—Boys go to school.—What gave me a desire to learn to read.—A day of prayer in the woods.

CHAPTER XV.

LIFE IN CANADA.

138

Condition of the blacks in Canada.—A tour of exploration.—Appeal to the Legislature.—Improvements.

CHAPTER XVI.

CONDUCTING SLAVES TO CANADA.

144

Sympathy for the slaves.—James Lightfoot.—My first mission to the South.—A Kentucky company of fugitives.—Safe at home.

CHAPTER XVII.

SECOND JOURNEY ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD.

150

A shower of stars.—Kentuckians.—A stratagem.—A providence.—Conducted across the Miami River by a cow.—Arrival at Cincinnati.—One of the party taken ill.—We leave him to die.—Meet a "friend."—A poor white man.—A strange impression.—Once more in Canada.

CHAPTER XVIII.

HOME AT DAWN.

165

Condition in Canada.—Efforts in behalf of my people.—Rev. Mr. Wilson.—A convention of blacks.—Manual-labor school.

CHAPTER XIX.

LUMBERING OPERATIONS.

173

Industrial project.—Find some able friends in Boston.—Procure funds and construct a saw-mill.—Sales of lumber in Boston.—Incident in the Custom House.

CHAPTER XX.

VISIT TO ENGLAND.

179

Debt on the institution.—A new pecuniary enterprise.—Letters of recommendation to England.—Personal difficulties.—Called an impostor.—Triumphant victory over these troubles.

CHAPTER XXI.

THE WORLD'S FAIR IN LONDON.

187

My contribution to the great exhibition.—Difficulty with the American superintendent.—Happy release.—The great crowd.—A call from the Queen.—Medal awarded to me.

CHAPTER XXII.

VISITS TO THE RAGGED SCHOOLS.

194

Speech at Sunday School Anniversary.—Interview with Lord Grey.—Interview with the Archbishop of Canterbury, and dinner with Lord John Russell, the great events of my life.

CHAPTER XXIII.

CLOSING UP MY LONDON AGENCY.

203

My narrative published.—Letter from home apprising me of the sickness of my wife.—Departure from London.—Arrival at home.—Meeting with my family.—The great sorrow of my life, the death of my wife.

CHAPTER XXIV.

CLOSING CHAPTER.

209

Containing an accurate account of the past and present condition of the fugitive slaves in Canada, with some remarks on their future prospects.

BLACK REBELLION: FIVE SLAVE REVOLTS

By Thomas Wentworth Higginson

CONTENTS

AUTHOR'S NOTE:

THE MAROONS OF JAMAICA

THE MAROONS OF SURINAM.

GABRIEL'S DEFEAT

DENMARK VESEY

NAT TURNER'S INSURRECTION

APPENDIX OF AUTHORITIES

THIRTY YEARS A SLAVE

From Bondage to Freedom

AUTOBIOGRAPHY

By Louis Hughes

CONTENTS

PREFACE.

CHAPTER I.

LIFE ON A COTTON PLANTATION.

CHAPTER II.

SOCIAL AND OTHER ASPECTS OF SLAVERY.

CHAPTER III.

SLAVERY AND THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.

CHAPTER IV.

REBELLION WEAKENING; SLAVES' HOPES STRENGTHENING.

CHAPTER V.

FREEDOM AFTER SLAVERY.

INCIDENTS

IN THE

LIFE OF A SLAVE GIRL.

Written by Herself.

By Linda Brent

CONTENTS

PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR

INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITOR

INCIDENTS IN THE LIFE OF A SLAVE GIRL

I

Childhood

II

The New Master And Mistress

III

The Slaves' New Year's Day

IV

The Slave Who Dared To Feel Like A Man

V

The Trials Of Girlhood

VI

The Jealous Mistress

VII

The Lover

VIII

What Slaves Are Taught To Think Of The North

IX

Sketches Of Neighboring Slaveholders

X

A Perilous Passage In The Slave Girl's Life.

XI

The New Tie To Life

XII

Fear Of Insurrection

XIII

The Church And Slavery

XIV

Another Link To Life

XV

Continued Persecutions

XVI

Scenes At The Plantation

XVII

The Flight

XVIII

Months Of Peril

XIX

The Children Sold

XX

New Perils

XXI

The Loophole Of Retreat

XXII

Christmas Festivities

XXIII

Still In Prison

XXIV

The Candidate For Congress

XXV

Competition In Cunning

XXVI

Important Era In My Brother's Life

XXVII

New Destination For The Children

XXVIII

Aunt Nancy

XXIX

Preparations For Escape

XXX

Northward Bound

XXXI

Incidents In Philadelphia

XXXII

The Meeting Of Mother And Daughter

XXXIII

A Home Found

XXXIV

The Old Enemy Again

XXXV

Prejudice Against Color

XXXVI

The Hairbreadth Escape

XXXVII

A Visit To England

XXXVIII

Renewed Invitations To Go South

XXXIX

The Confession

XL

The Fugitive Slave Law

XLI

Free At Last

APPENDIX

BEHIND THE SCENES.

By Elizabeth Keckley

THIRTY YEARS A SLAVE, AND FOUR YEARS IN THE WHITE HOUSE

CONTENTS

Preface

3

Chapter I. Where I was born

7

Chapter II. Girlhood and its Sorrows

13

Chapter III. How I gained my Freedom

19

Chapter IV. In the Family of Senator Jefferson Davis

28

Chapter V. My Introduction to Mrs. Lincoln

34

Chapter VI. Willie Lincoln's Death-bed

41

Chapter VII. Washington in 1862-3

50

Chapter VIII. Candid Opinions

57

Chapter IX. Behind the Scenes

62

Chapter X. The Second Inauguration

68

Chapter XI. The Assassination of President Lincoln

77

Chapter XII. Mrs. Lincoln leaves the White House

89

Chapter XIII. The Origin of the Rivalry between Mr. Douglas and Mr. Lincoln

101

Chapter XIV. Old Friends

106

Chapter XV. The Secret History of Mrs. Lincoln's Wardrobe in New York

119

Appendix --Letters from Mrs. Lincoln to Mrs. Keckley

147

THE SLAVERY QUESTION.

By John Lawrence

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.

ORIGIN OF AMERICAN SLAVERY.

THE SLAVE TRADE.

Seven millions of slaves in America—Slavery originated in the African slave trade—Slave-trade unprovoked—Excited by lust for gold—Commenced by the Portuguese in 1434—Spaniards in 1511—English in 1556—President Edwards quoted—100,000 annually destroyed—Report made to the British House of Commons—Startling statistics—A slave ship described—Slave-trade declared to be piracy and abolishedpage 13

CHAPTER II.

SLAVERY DEFINED.

PROPERTY IN A HUMAN BEING.

A slave is a chattel—Authorities quoted—Advertised and sold as property—Facts adduced—sale of a boy—a woman with an infant in her arms—a mother—American slave-code identical in principle with the Romanpage 30

CHAPTER III.

SLAVERY ILLUSTRATED.

THE CHATTEL PRINCIPLE IN PRACTICE.

Slaves denied an education—Laws—Instances—Slavery disregards matrimonial connections—Painful factspage 41

CHAPTER IV.

SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Slavery disregards the parental and filial relations—Facts—Slave-mother’s lamentpage 56

CHAPTER V.

SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Slavery utterly impoverishes its victims—Exposes them to unbridled lust—unrestrained passion—irresponsible tyranny—Heart-rending incidents!page 64

CHAPTER VI.

SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Severity of laws against slaves—partial—unreasonable and cruel—Practice worse than the laws—Burning of slaves—Horrible examplespage 80

CHAPTER VII.

SLAVERY AND RELIGION.

Curse of Canaan—Doubtful authority—Did not allude to slavery—A mere prediction at best—Africans not the descendants of Canaanpage 88

CHAPTER VIII.

SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Patriarchal servitude and slavery—No patriarch ever owned a slave—Slavery had no existence in the time of the patriarchs—Diodorus, Athenæus and Rollin quoted—The Hebrew word SERVANT not equivalent to the English word SLAVE—Abraham’s servants converts from idolatrypage 94

CHAPTER IX.

SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

Law of Moses and slavery—Levitical statutes not perfect—Allowed what it would now be wrong to practice—Dr. Stowe quoted—Servitude under the law of Moses essentially different from American slavery—Meaning of “buy,” “heathen,” “bondmen,” and “forever,”—Servants not stolen—Voluntary—Provision for religious improvement—Kind treatment—Could not be sold—Equal to their masters—Certain emancipation—Salvation of the heathen the primary design of introducing foreign servantspage 107

CHAPTER X.

SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

New Testament and slavery—Servants mentioned but not SLAVES—Doulos does not mean SLAVE—New Testament does not regulate slavery because it cannot be regulated—Slaveholders not addressed by the Apostles—Onesimus not a slave—Character of Roman slavery—Contrary to the fundamental principles of revealed religion—The character of God—Common origin of man—General Redemption—Moral precepts—And is necessarily unjust and unequalpage 124

CHAPTER XI.

AMERICAN CHURCHES AND SLAVERY.

THE POSITION THEY OCCUPY.

Presbyterians (O. S. and N. S.)—Congregational—Methodist Episcopal, North and South—Methodist Protestant—Wesleyan Methodist Connection—Baptist, Regular—Freewill—Seventh Day—Evangelical Association—United Brethren—Various Churches—Summary Viewpage 149

CHAPTER XII.

SLAVERY AND THE CHURCH.

NON-FELLOWSHIP WITH SLAVEHOLDERS.

Scriptural view—Church must keep slaveholders out—If they get in, it must expel them—If the Church sanction slavery officially or practically, withdraw from it—Non-slaveholding required that it may be holy—The pillar of truth—That it may honor the Scriptures—Convert the world—Be faithful to slaveholders and to slaves—Non-fellowship required by decency—humanity—If fellowshiped, we shall have slaveholding preachers, and women-sellers and cradle-plunderers for class-mates—Cases givenpage 169

CHAPTER XIII.

SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

OBJECTIONS ANSWERED.

Kind slaveholders—Examples—Excusable slaveholders—Slavery a political matter—Fault of the public corruption—Fault of the laws—Slaveholders from necessity—Slaves their property—All right ONLY this one thing—Take them in to convince them of the wrong—Mr. Fee’s opinionpage 184

CHAPTER XIV.

POLITICAL DUTIES OF CHRISTIANS.

EXTIRPATION OF SLAVERY FROM THE WORLD.

Necessity of government—Obligation of political action—Voters responsible for slavery—United States Constitution does not endorse slavery—Founders of the Republic intended that slavery should die out speedily—Character of the government changed—Great work for Christian citizens—Slavery in the District—Territories—Slave States—Throughout the worldpage 195

CHAPTER XV.

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY.

IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION.

The duty plain and scriptural—Break every yoke—proclaim a year of Jubilee—Slavery cannot be reformed—Slaves prepared for freedom—Free people of color—Fugitives in Canada—West India emancipation—Colored people not dangerous when free—Amalgamation—Our fears originate in our guilt—Colonization scheme impracticable—Wrong—Watkins quoted—All objections mere excuses—We must emancipate to escape the judgments of God—Too long delayed—A good examplepage 206

CHAPTER XVI.

WHAT OF THE NIGHT?

THERE IS HOPE IN GOD ONLY.

The government intensely pro-slavery—Political horizon lowering—The great denominations and benevolent societies heartily supporting slavery—Ecclesiastical heavens dark—Deep prejudices in the masses of the people—Douglass quoted—God is on the side of the oppressed—He is stirring the nation—Question cannot rest—Agitation goes on—Truth is on the side of the slave—Literature coming to his aid—A pure Church arising to plead his cause—“Toil and trust.”page 219

JOURNAL OF A WEST INDIA PROPRIETOR,

Kept During a Residence in The Island of Jamaica

By Matthew Gregory Lewis

CONTENTS

ADVERTISEMENT.

JOURNAL OF A WEST INDIA PROPRIETOR

1815. NOVEMBER 8.

1816.—JANUARY 1.

1817.

1818.—JANUARY 1.

THE NEGRO AND THE NATION

A History of American Slavery

and Enfranchisement

By George S. Merriam

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

PAGE

I.

How Slavery Grew in America

1

II.

The Acts of the Fathers

8

III.

Conflict and Compromise

21

IV.

The Widening Rift

28

V.

Calhoun and Garrison

46

VI.

Birney, Channing and Webster

58

VII.

The Underlying Forces

67

VIII.

The Mexican War

71

IX.

How to Deal with the Territories

79

X.

The Compromise of 1850

84

XI.

A Lull and a Retrospect

92

XII.

Slavery as It Was

97

XIII.

The Struggle for Kansas

112

XIV.

"Fremont and Freedom"

122

XV.

Three Typical Southerners

132

XVI.

Some Northern Leaders

140

XVII.

Dred Scott and Lecompton

147

XVIII.

John Brown

158

XIX.

Abraham Lincoln

172

XX.

The Election of 1860

185

XXI.

Face to Face

197

XXII.

How They Differed

205

XXIII.

Why They Fought

211

XXIV.

On Niagara's Brink—and Over

221

XXV.

The Civil War

237

XXVI.

Emancipation Begun

248

XXVII.

Emancipation Achieved

258

XXVIII.

Reconstruction: Experiments and Ideals

267

XXIX.

Reconstruction: The First Plan

274

XXX.

Congress and the "Black Codes"

281

XXXI.

Reconstruction: The Second Plan

294

XXXII.

Reconstruction: The Final Plan

306

XXXIII.

Reconstruction: The Working Out

316

XXXIV.

Three Troubled States

331

XXXV.

Reconstruction: The Last Act

344

XXXVI.

Regeneration

354

XXXVII.

Armstrong

362

XXXVIII.

Evolution

371

XXXIX.

Ebb and Flow

382

XL.

Looking Forward

391

Index

413

THE SEA-WITCH:

OR, THE AFRICAN QUADROON A STORY OF THE SLAVE COAST.

By Lieutenant Murray

CONTENTS

I.

OUTWARD BOUND.

II.

CAPTAIN WILL RATLIN.

III.

THE GALE.

IV.

BRAMBLE PARK.

V.

THE NAVAL OFFICER.

VI.

THE WRECK.

VII.

THE SEA WITCH.

VIII.

THE QUADROON.

IX.

THE ATTACK.

X.

THE DUEL.

XI.

THE HUES OF LOVE.

XII.

THE CONFLICT.

XIII.

THE TRIAL.

XIV.

THE BROTHERS.

XV.

THE ESCAPE.

XVI.

THE CANNIBALS.

XVII.

THE POISONED BARB.

XVIII.

THE DENOUEMENT.

TWELVE YEARS A SLAVE

NARRATIVE OF SOLOMON NORTHUP, A CITIZEN OF NEW-YORK, KIDNAPPED IN WASHINGTON CITY IN 1841, AND RESCUED IN 1853 FROM A COTTON PLANTATION NEAR THE RED RIVER, IN LOUISIANA.

Buffalo: Derby, Orton And Mulligan.

1853

CONTENTS

page.

Editor's Preface,

15

CHAPTER I.

Introductory—Ancestry—The Northup Family—Birth and Parentage—Mintus Northup—Marriage with Anne Hampton—Good Resolutions—Champlain Canal—Rafting Excursion to Canada—Farming—The Violin—Cooking—Removal to Saratoga—Parker and Perry—Slaves and Slavery—The Children—The Beginning of Sorrow,

17

CHAPTER II.

The two Strangers—The Circus Company—Departure from Saratoga—Ventriloquism and Legerdemain—Journey to New-York—Free Papers—Brown and Hamilton—The haste to reach the Circus—Arrival in Washington—Funeral of Harrison—The Sudden Sickness—The Torment of Thirst—The Receding Light—Insensibility—Chains and Darkness,

28

CHAPTER III.

Painful Meditations—James H. Burch—Williams' Slave Pen in Washington—The Lackey, Radburn—Assert my Freedom—The Anger of the Trader—The Paddle and Cat-o'-nine-tails—The Whipping—New Acquaintances—Ray, Williams, and Randall—Arrival of Little Emily and her Mother in the Pen—Maternal Sorrows—The Story of Eliza,

40

CHAPTER IV.

Eliza's Sorrows—Preparation to Embark—Driven Through the Streets of Washington—Hail, Columbia—The Tomb of Washington—Clem Ray—The Breakfast on the Steamer—The happy Birds—Aquia Creek—Fredericksburgh—Arrival in Richmond—Goodin and his Slave Pen—Robert, of Cincinnati—David and his Wife—Mary and Lethe—Clem's Return—His subsequent Escape to Canada—The Brig Orleans—James H. Burch,

54

CHAPTER V.

Arrival at Norfolk—Frederick and Maria—Arthur, the Freeman—Appointed Steward—Jim, Cuffee, and Jenny—The Storm—Bahama Banks—The Calm—The Conspiracy—The Long Boat—The Small-Pox—Death of Robert—Manning, the Sailor—The Meeting in the Forecastle—The Letter—Arrival at New-Orleans—Arthur's Rescue—Theophilus Freeman, the Consignee—Platt—First Night in the New-Orleans Slave Pen,

65

CHAPTER VI.

Freeman's Industry—Cleanliness and Clothes—Exercising in the Show Room—The Dance—Bob, the Fiddler—Arrival of Customers—Slaves Examined—The Old Gentleman of New-Orleans—Sale of David, Caroline, and Lethe—Parting of Randall and Eliza—Small-Pox—The Hospital—Recovery and Return to Freeman's Slave Pen—The Purchaser of Eliza, Harry, and Platt—Eliza's Agony on Parting from Little Emily,

78

CHAPTER VII.

The Steamboat Rodolph—Departure from New-Orleans—William Ford—Arrival at Alexandria, on Red River—Resolutions—The Great Pine Woods—Wild Cattle—Martin's Summer Residence—The Texas Road—Arrival at Master Ford's—Rose—Mistress Ford—Sally and her Children—John, the Cook—Walter, Sam, and Antony—The Mills on Indian Creek—Sabbath Days—Sam's Conversion—The Profit of Kindness—Rafting—Adam Taydem, the Little White Man—Cascalla and his Tribe—The Indian Ball—John M. Tibeats—The Storm approaching,

89

CHAPTER VIII.

Ford's Embarrassments—The Sale to Tibeats—The Chattel Mortgage—Mistress Ford's Plantation on Bayou Bœuf—Description of the Latter—Ford's Brother-in-law, Peter Tanner—Meeting with Eliza—She still Mourns for her Children—Ford's Overseer, Chapin—Tibeats' Abuse—The Keg of Nails—The First Fight with Tibeats—His Discomfiture and Castigation—The attempt to Hang me—Chapin's Interference and Speech—Unhappy Reflections—Abrupt Departure of Tibeats, Cook, and Ramsey—Lawson and the Brown Mule—Message to the Pine Woods,

105

CHAPTER IX.

The Hot Sun—Yet bound—The Cords sink into my Flesh—Chapin's Uneasiness—Speculation—Rachel, and her Cup of Water—Suffering increases—The Happiness of Slavery—Arrival of Ford—He cuts the Cords which bind me, and takes the Rope from my Neck—Misery—The gathering of the Slaves in Eliza's Cabin—Their Kindness—Rachel Repeats the Occurrences of the Day—Lawson entertains his Companions with an Account of his Ride—Chapin's apprehensions of Tibeats—Hired to Peter Tanner—Peter expounds the Scriptures—Description of the Stocks,

118

CHAPTER X.

Return to Tibeats—Impossibility of pleasing him—He attacks me with a Hatchet—The Struggle over the Broad Axe—The Temptation to Murder him—Escape across the Plantation—Observations from the Fence—Tibeats approaches, followed by the Hounds—They take my Track—Their loud Yells—They almost overtake me—I reach the Water—The Hounds confused—Moccasin Snakes—Alligators—Night in the "Great Pacoudrie Swamp"—The Sounds of Life— North-West Course—Emerge into the Pine Woods—Slave and his Young Master—Arrival at Ford's—Food and Rest,

131

CHAPTER XI.

The Mistress' Garden—The Crimson and Golden Fruit—Orange and Pomegranate Trees—Return to Bayou Bœuf—Master Ford's Remarks on the way—The Meeting-with Tibeats—His Account of the Chase—Ford censures his Brutality—Arrival at the Plantation—Astonishment of the Slaves on seeing me—The anticipated Flogging—Kentucky John—Mr. Eldret, the Planter—Eldret's Sam—Trip to the "Big Cane Brake"—The Tradition of "Sutton's Field"—Forest Trees—Gnats and Mosquitoes—The Arrival of Black Women in the Big Cane—Lumber Women—Sudden Appearance of Tibeats—His Provoking Treatment—Visit to Bayou Bœuf—The Slave Pass—Southern Hospitality—The Last of Eliza—Sale to Edwin Epps,

146

CHAPTER XII.

Personal Appearance of Epps—Epps, Drunk and Sober—A Glimpse of his History—Cotton Growing—The Mode of Ploughing and Preparing Ground—Of Planting, of Hoeing, of Picking, of Treating Raw Hands—The difference in Cotton Pickers—Patsey a remarkable one—Tasked according to Ability—Beauty of a Cotton Field—The Slave's Labors—Fear of Approaching the Gin-House—Weighing—"Chores"—Cabin Life—The Corn Mill—The Uses of the Gourd—Fear of Oversleeping—Fear continually—Mode of Cultivating Corn—Sweet Potatoes—Fertility of the Soil—Fattening Hogs—Preserving Bacon—Raising Cattle—Shooting-Matches—Garden Products—Flowers and Verdure,

162

CHAPTER XIII.

The Curious Axe-Helve—Symptoms of approaching Illness—Continue to decline—The Whip ineffectual—Confined to the Cabin—Visit by Dr. Wines—Partial Recovery—Failure at Cotton Picking—What may be heard on Epps' Plantation—Lashes Graduated—Epps in a Whipping Mood—Epps in a Dancing Mood—Description of the Dance—Loss of Rest no Excuse—Epps' Characteristics—Jim Burns—Removal from Huff Power to Bayou Bœuf—Description of Uncle Abram; of Wiley; of Aunt Phebe; of Bob, Henry, and Edward; of Patsey; with a Genealogical Account of each—Something of their Past History, and Peculiar Characteristics— Jealousy and Lust—Patsey, the Victim,

176

CHAPTER XIV.

Destruction of the Cotton Crop in 1845—Demand for Laborers in St. Mary's Parish—Sent thither in a Drove—The Order of the March—The Grand Coteau—Hired to Judge Turner on Bayou Salle—Appointed Driver in his Sugar House—Sunday Services—Slave Furniture; how obtained—The Party at Yarney's, in Centreville—Good Fortune—The Captain of the Steamer—His Refusal to Secrete me—Return to Bayou Bœuf—Sight of Tibeats—Patsey's Sorrows—Tumult and Contention—Hunting the Coon and Opossum—The Cunning of the latter—The Lean Condition of the Slave—Description of the Fish Trap—The Murder of the Man from Natchez—Epps Challenged by Marshall—The Influence of Slavery—The Love of Freedom,

191

CHAPTER XV.

Labors on Sugar Plantations—The Mode of Planting Cane—of Hoeing Cane—Cane Ricks—Cutting Cane—Description of the Cane Knife—Winrowing—Preparing for Succeeding Crops—Description of Hawkins' Sugar Mill on Bayou Bœuf—The Christmas Holidays—The Carnival Season of the Children of Bondage—The Christmas Supper—Red, the Favorite Color—The Violin, and the Consolation it afforded—The Christmas Dance—Lively, the Coquette—Sam Roberts, and his Rivals—Slave Songs—Southern Life as it is—Three Days in the Year—The System of Marriage—Uncle Abram's Contempt of Matrimony,

208

CHAPTER XVI.

Overseers—How they are Armed and Accompanied—The Homicide—His Execution at Marksville—Slave Drivers—Appointed Driver on removing to Bayou Bœuf—Practice makes perfect—Epps's Attempt to Cut Platt's Throat—The Escape from him—Protected by the Mistress—Forbids Reading and Writing—Obtain a Sheet of Paper after Nine Years' Effort—The Letter—Armsby, the Mean White—Partially confide in him—His Treachery—Epps' Suspicions—How they were quieted—Burning the Letter—Armsby leaves the Bayou—Disappointment and Despair,

223

CHAPTER XVII.

Wiley disregards the counsels of Aunt Phebe and Uncle Abram, and is caught by the Patrollers—The Organization and Duties of the latter—Wiley Runs Away—Speculations in regard to him—His Unexpected Return—His Capture on the Red River, and Confinement in Alexandria Jail—Discovered by Joseph B. Roberts—Subduing Dogs in anticipation of Escape—The Fugitives in the Great Pine Woods—Captured by Adam Taydem and the Indians—Augustus killed by Dogs—Nelly, Eldret's Slave Woman—The Story of Celeste—The Concerted Movement—Lew Cheney, the Traitor—The Idea of Insurrection,

236

CHAPTER XVIII.

O'Niel, the Tanner—Conversation with Aunt Phebe overheard—Epps in the Tanning Business—Stabbing of Uncle Abram—The Ugly Wound—Epps is Jealous—Patsey is Missing—Her Return from Shaw's—Harriet, Shaw's Black Wife—Epps Enraged—Patsey denies his Charges—She is Tied Down Naked to Four Stakes—The Inhuman Flogging—Flaying of Patsey—The Beauty of the Day—The Bucket of Salt Water—The Dress stiff with Blood—Patsey grows Melancholy—Her Idea of God and Eternity—Of Heaven and Freedom—The Effect of Slave-Whipping—Epps' Oldest Son—"The Child is Father to the Man,"

250

CHAPTER XIX.

Avery, on Bayou Rouge—Peculiarity of Dwellings—Epps builds a New House—Bass, the Carpenter—His Noble Qualities—His Personal Appearance and Eccentricities—Bass and Epps discuss the Question of Slavery—Epps' Opinion of Bass—I make myself known to him—Our Conversation—His Surprise—The Midnight Meeting on the Bayou Bank—Bass' Assurances—Declares War against Slavery—Why I did not Disclose my History—Bass writes Letters—Copy of his Letter to Messrs. Parker and Perry—The Fever of Suspense—Disappointments—Bass endeavors to cheer me—My Faith in him,

263

CHAPTER XX.

Bass faithful to his word—His Arrival on Christmas Eve—The Difficulty of Obtaining an Interview—The Meeting in the Cabin—Non-arrival of the Letter—Bass announces his Intention to proceed North—Christmas—Conversation between Epps and Bass—Young Mistress McCoy, the Beauty of Bayou Bœuf—The "Ne plus ultra" of Dinners—Music and Dancing—Presence of the Mistress—Her Exceeding Beauty—The Last Slave Dance—William Pierce—Oversleep myself—The Last Whipping—Despondency—Cold Morning—Epps' Threats—The Passing Carriage—Strangers approaching through the Cotton-Field—Last Hour on Bayou Bœuf,

279

CHAPTER XXI.

The Letter reaches Saratoga—Is forwarded to Anne—Is laid before Henry B. Northup—The Statute of May 14, 1840—Its Provisions—Anne's Memorial to the Governor—The affidavits Accompanying it—Senator Soule's Letter—Departure of the Agent appointed by the Governor—Arrival at Marksville—The Hon. John P. Waddill—The Conversation on New-York Politics—It suggests a Fortunate Idea—The Meeting with Bass—The Secret out—Legal Proceedings instituted—Departure of Northup and the Sheriff from Marksville for Bayou Bœuf—Arrangements on the Way—Reach Epps' Plantation—Discover his Slaves in the Cotton-Field—The Meeting—The Farewell,

289

CHAPTER XXII.

Arrival in New-Orleans—Glimpse of Freeman—Genois, the Recorder—His Description of Solomon—Reach Charleston Interrupted by Custom House Officers—Pass through Richmond—Arrival in Washington—Burch Arrested—Shekels and Thorn—Their Testimony—Burch Acquitted—Arrest of Solomon—Burch withdraws the Complaint—The Higher Tribunal—Departure from Washington—Arrival at Sandy Hill—Old Friends and Familiar Scenes—Proceed to Glens Falls—Meeting with Anne, Margaret, and Elizabeth—Solomon Northup Staunton—Incidents—Conclusion,

310

Appendix,

323

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Portrait of Solomon in his Plantation Suit

Scene in the Slave Pen at Washington,

Separation of Eliza and her last Child,

Chapin rescues Solomon from Hanging,

The Staking out and Flogging of the girl Patsey,

Scene in the Cotton Field, and Solomon's Delivery,

Arrival Home, and first meeting with his Wife and Children,

FROM SLAVE TO COLLEGE PRESIDENT

BEING THE LIFE STORY OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

By G. Holden Pike

CONTENTS

CHAP.

PAGE

I.

WANTED: A MAN—THE MAN FOUND

1

II.

THE ERA OF FREEDOM—REALISING THAT KNOWLEDGE IS POWER

16

III.

OFF TO HAMPTON—WAS HE A LIKELY CANDIDATE?

32

IV.

GENERAL ARMSTRONG—HIS PREDECESSORS AND COLLABORATORS—PIONEERS

OF THE NEW ERA

41

V.

UPS AND DOWNS—PROGRESS AS A STUDENT—BEGINNING TO TEACH

49

VI.

AMERICAN INDIANS—WORK AT HAMPTON

60

VII.

THE BEGINNING OF A LIFE WORK

71

VIII.

SOME ACTUAL RESULTS—POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENTS

85

IX.

CONTINUED PROGRESS—POPULARITY AS A SPEAKER

94

X.

VISIT TO EUROPE—RETURN TO TUSKEGEE

104

THE BROTHERS' WAR

By John C. Reed

CONTENTS

Chapter

Page

I.

Introductory

1

II.

A Beginning made with Slavery

35

III.

Unappeasable Antagonism of Free and Slave Labor

45

IV.

Genesis, Course, and Goal of Southern Nationalization

51

V.

American Nationalization, and how it made the Bond of Union stronger and stronger

62

VI.

Root-and-Branch Abolitionists and Fire-eaters

84

VII.

Calhoun

93

VIII.

Webster

130

IX.

“Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

161

X.

Slavery impelled into a Defensive Aggressive

208

XI.

Toombs

212

XII.

Help to the Union Cause by Powers in the Unseen

282

XIII.

Jefferson Davis

296

XIV.

The Curse and Blessing of Slavery

330

XV.

The Brothers on Each Side were True Patriots and Morally Right—both those who fought for the Union and those who fought for the Confederacy

346

XVI.

The Race Question: General and Introductory

359

XVII.

The Race Question: the Situation in Detail

378

Appendix

429

Index

451

THE BOY SLAVES.

By Capt. Mayne Reid

CONTENTS

AUTHOR'S NOTE.

MEMOIR OF MAYNE REID.

CHAPTER I

The Land of the Slave

CHAPTER II

Types of the Triple Kingdom

CHAPTER III

The Serpent's Tongue

CHAPTER IV

'Ware the Tide!

CHAPTER V

A False Guide

CHAPTER VI

Wade or Swim?

CHAPTER VII

A Compulsory Parting

CHAPTER VIII

Safe Ashore

CHAPTER IX

Uncomfortable Quarters

CHAPTER XI

'Ware the Sand!

CHAPTER XII

A Mysterious Nightmare

CHAPTER XIII

The Maherry

CHAPTER XIV

A Liquid Breakfast

CHAPTER XV

The Sailor among the Shell-fish

CHAPTER XVI

Keeping under Cover

CHAPTER XVII

The Trail on the Sand

CHAPTER XVIII

The "Desert Ship"

CHAPTER XIX

Homeward Bound

CHAPTER XX

The Dance Interrupted

CHAPTER XXI

A Serio-Comical Reception

CHAPTER XXII

The Two Sheiks

CHAPTER XXIII

Sailor Bill Beshrewed

CHAPTER XXIV

Starting on the Track

CHAPTER XXV

Bill to be Abandoned

CHAPTER XXVI

A Cautious Retreat

CHAPTER XXVII

A Queer Quadruped

CHAPTER XXVIII

The Hue and Cry

CHAPTER XXIX

A Subaqueous Asylum

CHAPTER XXX

The Pursuers Nonplussed

CHAPTER XXXI

A Double Predicament

CHAPTER XXXII

Once more the mocking Laugh

CHAPTER XXXIII

A Cunning Sheik

CHAPTER XXXIV

A Queer Encounter

CHAPTER XXXV

Holding on to the Hump

CHAPTER XXXVI

Our Adventures in Undress

CHAPTER XXXVII

The Captives in Conversation

CHAPTER XXXVIII

The Douar at Dawn

CHAPTER XXXIX

An Obstinate Dromedary

CHAPTER XL

Watering the Camels

CHAPTER XLI

A Squabble between the Sheiks

CHAPTER XLII

The Trio Staked

CHAPTER XLIII

Golah

CHAPTER XLIV

A Day of Agony

CHAPTER XLV

Colin in Luck

CHAPTER XLVI

Sailor Bill's Experiment

CHAPTER XLVII

An Unjust Reward

CHAPTER XLVIII

The Waterless Well

CHAPTER XLIX

The Well

CHAPTER L

A Momentous Inquiry

CHAPTER LI

A Living Grave

CHAPTER LII

The Sheik's Plan of Revenge

CHAPTER LIII

Captured Again

CHAPTER LIV

An Unfaithful Wife

CHAPTER LV

Two Faithful Wives

CHAPTER LVI

Fatima's Fate

CHAPTER LVII

Further Defection

CHAPTER LVIII

A Call for Two More

CHAPTER LIX

Once More by the Sea

CHAPTER LX

Golah Calls Again

CHAPTER LXI

Sailor Bill Standing Sentry

CHAPTER LXII

Golah Fulfils his Destiny

CHAPTER LXIII

On the Edge of the Saära

CHAPTER LXIV

The Rival Wreckers

CHAPTER LXV

Another White Slave

CHAPTER LXVI

Sailor Bill's Brother

CHAPTER LXVII

A Living Stream

CHAPTER LXVIII

The Arabs at Home

CHAPTER LXIX

Work or Die

CHAPTER LXX

Victory!

CHAPTER LXXI

Sold Again

CHAPTER LXXII

Onward Once More

CHAPTER LXXIII

Another Bargain

CHAPTER LXXIV

More Torture

CHAPTER LXXV

En Route

CHAPTER LXXVI

Hope Deferred

CHAPTER LXXVII

El Hajji

CHAPTER LXXVIII

Bo Muzem's Journey

CHAPTER LXXIX

Rais Mourad

CHAPTER LXXX

Bo Muzem Back Again

CHAPTER LXXXI

A Pursuit

CHAPTER LXXXII

Moorish Justice

CHAPTER LXXXIII

The Jew's Leap

CHAPTER LXXXIV

Conclusion

ILLUSTRATIONS

THE DEATH OF GOLAH.

'WARE THE TIDE

THE OLD SAILOR SUCCEEDS IN GATHERING SOME SHELL-FISH.

THE SHEIK CAPTURED

TWENTY-TWO YEARS A SLAVE

AND FORTY YEARS A FREEMAN

By Austin Steward

1856

CONTENTS

PREFACE.

CHAPTER I.

SLAVE LIFE ON THE PLANTATION.

CHAPTER II.

AT THE GREAT HOUSE.

CHAPTER III.

HORSE-RACING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.

CHAPTER IV.

JOURNEY TO OUR NEW HOME IN NEW YORK.

CHAPTER V.

INCIDENTS AT SODUS BAY.

CHAPTER VI.

REMOVAL FROM SODUS TO BATH.

CHAPTER VII.

DUELING.

CHAPTER VIII.

HORSE-RACING AND GENERAL TRAINING.

CHAPTER IX.

DEATH BED AND BRIDAL SCENES.

CHAPTER X.

HIRED OUT TO A NEW MASTER.

CHAPTER XI.

THOUGHTS ON FREEDOM.

CHAPTER XII.

CAPT. HELM—DIVORCE—KIDNAPPING.

CHAPTER XIII.

LOCATE IN THE VILLAGE OF ROCHESTER.

CHAPTER XIV.

INCIDENTS IN ROCHESTER AND VICINITY.

CHAPTER XV.

SAD REVERSES OF CAPT. HELM.

CHAPTER XVI.

BRITISH EMANCIPATION OF SLAVERY.

CHAPTER XVII.

ORATION—TERMINATION OF SLAVERY.

CHAPTER XVIII.

CONDITION OF FREE COLORED PEOPLE.

CHAPTER XIX.

PERSECUTION OF THE COLORED PEOPLE.

CHAPTER XX.

REMOVAL TO CANADA.

CHAPTER XXI.

ROUGHING IT IN THE WILDS OF CANADA.

CHAPTER XXII.

NARROW ESCAPE OF A SMUGGLER.

CHAPTER XXIII.

NARRATIVE OF TWO FUGITIVES FROM VIRGINIA.

CHAPTER XXIV.

PLEASANT RE-UNION OF OLD AND TRIED FRIENDS.

CHAPTER XXV.

PRIVATE LOSSES AND PRIVATE DIFFICULTIES.

CHAPTER XXVI.

INCIDENTS AND PECULIARITIES OF THE INDIANS.

CHAPTER XXVII.

OUR DIFFICULTIES WITH ISRAEL LEWIS.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

DESPERATION OF A FUGITIVE SLAVE.

CHAPTER XXIX.

A NARROW ESCAPE FROM MY ENEMIES.

CHAPTER XXX.

DEATH OF B. PAUL, AND RETURN OF HIS BROTHER.

CHAPTER XXXI.

MY FAMILY RETURN TO ROCHESTER.

CHAPTER XXXII.

THE LAND AGENT AND THE SQUATTER.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

CHARACTER AND DEATH OF I. LEWIS.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

MY RETURN TO ROCHESTER.

CHAPTER XXXV.

BISHOP BROWN—DEATH OF MY DAUGHTER.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

CELEBRATION OF THE FIRST OF AUGUST.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

CONCLUSION.

CORRESPONDENCE.

THE STORY OF MATTIE J. JACKSON

Her Parentage-Experience of Eighteen Years in Slavery-Incidents During the War-Her Escape from Slavery

By Dr. L. S. Thompson

CONTENTS

MATTIE'S STORY

5

THEIR ATTEMPT TO MAKE THEIR ESCAPE

9

THE SOLDIERS, AND OUR TREATMENT DURING THE WAR

13

MR. LEWIS CALLS AT THE BOARDING HOUSE

17

RELEASED FROM THE TRADER'S YARD AND TAKEN TO HER NEW MASTER

19

CAPT. TIRRELL REMOVES THE FAMILY—ANOTHER STRATEGY

20

THE FARE AT THEIR NEW HOMES

25

MATTIE IN INDIANAPOLIS—THE GLORY OF FREEDOM—LINCOLN

28

SISTER LOST—MOTHER'S ESCAPE

31

MOTHER'S MARRIAGE

33

MATTIE MEETS HER OLD MASTER—GOES TO SERVICE—IS SENT FOR

33

SUMMARY

37

CHRISTIANITY

38

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF PROJECT GUTENBERG WORKS ON BLACK HISTORY ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG™ LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg electronic works provided that:

- • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”

- • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.

- • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.

- • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg

Project Gutenberg is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 41 Watchung Plaza #516, Montclair NJ 07042, USA, +1 (862) 621-9288. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

Table of Contents

INDEX OF PROJECT GUTENBERG WORKS ON BLACK HISTORY

Compiled by David Widger

CONTENTS

Click on the ## before many of the titles to view a linked table of contents for that volume. Click on the title itself to open the original online file.

TABLES OF CONTENTS OF VOLUMES

POEMS

ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS,

(Negro Servant To Mr. John Wheatley, Of Boston, In New-England)

1771

CONTENTS

NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

AN AMERICAN SLAVE. WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.

CONTENTS

ADDITIONAL PROJECT GUTENBERG COLLECTED ARTICLES

CONTENTS

MY BONDAGE and MY FREEDOM

CONTENTS

UP FROM SLAVERY: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

CONTENTS

THE NEGRO PROBLEM

CONTENTS

A NEGRO EXPLORER AT THE NORTH POLE

With A Foreword By Robert E. Peary Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Retired And An Introduction By Booker T. Washington CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATIONS

THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

CONTENTS

TUSKEGEE AND ITS PEOPLE

CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATIONS

SHADOW and LIGHT

AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY With Reminiscences Of The Last And Present Century.

CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATIONS.

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

Being the William Levi Bull Lectures for the Year 1907

CONTENTS

THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK

CONTENTS

DARKWATER

Voices from within the Veil By W.E.B. Du Bois

CONTENTS

THE QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE

1911 CONTENTS

THE NEGRO

CONTENTS

MAPS

THE SUPPRESSION OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1638-1870

Volume I, Harvard Historical Studies

1896

CONTENTS

THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH

Being the William Levi Bull Lectures for the Year 1907

and

W.E. Burghardt Dubois

CONTENTS

OUR WORLD:

OR, THE SLAVEHOLDER'S DAUGHTER.

1855. CONTENTS

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOL. I., No. 1 JANUARY, 1916

Edited By Carter G. Woodson

CONTENTS

VOL. I., NO. 2, APRIL, 1916 CONTENTS

VOL. I., NO. 3, JUNE, 1916 CONTENTS

VOL. I., NO. 4, OCTOBER, 1916 CONTENTS

INDEX TO VOLUME I.

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME II. 1917

CONTENTS VOLUME II. 1917— NO. 2

VOL II—APRIL, 1917—NO. 2

Vol II—JULY, 1917—NO. 3

VOL. II—OCTOBER, 1917—No. 4

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME III. 1918

CONTENTS VOL. III.-JANUARY, 1918-NO. 1

VOL. III.-APRIL, 1918-NO. 2

VOL. III,-JULY, 1918-NO. 3

VOL. III.-OCTOBER, 1918-NO. 4

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME IV. 1919

CONTENTS VOL. IV.-JANUARY, 1919-NO. 1

VOL. IV.-APRIL, 1919-NO. 2

VOL. IV.-JULY, 1919-NO. 3

VOL. IV.-OCTOBER, 1919-NO. 4

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME V. 1920

CONTENTS VOL. V.-JANUARY, 1920-NO. 1

VOL. V.-APRIL, 1920-NO. 2

VOL. V.-JULY, 1920-NO. 3

VOL. V.-OCTOBER, 1920-NO. 4

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM

A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY

CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, FACSIMILES AND MAPS

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

A RECORD OF FACTS, AUTHENTIC NARRATIVE, LETTERS, &C., By William Still

ILLUSTRATIONS

CONTENTS

CLOTELLE; OR, THE COLORED HEROINE.

A TALE OF THE SOUTHERN STATES. By William Wells Brown

CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF THE LIFE AND ESCAPE OF WM. WELLS BROWN FROM AMERICAN SLAVERY

Written By Himself.

CONTENTS

NARRATIVE OF WILLIAM W. BROWN

A Fugitive Slave Written By Himself

CONTENTS

DRED A TALE OF THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP

CONTENTS.

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN or Life among the Lowly

CONTENTS

STEP BY STEP

or, TIDY'S WAY TO FREEDOM.

CONTENTS

THE IRON FURNACE:

OR,SLAVERY AND SECESSION

CONTENTS

A SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I THE COMING OF NEGROES TO AMERICA

CHAPTER II THE NEGRO IN THE COLONIES

CHAPTER III THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA

CHAPTER IV THE NEW WEST, THE SOUTH, AND THE WEST INDIES

CHAPTER V INDIAN AND NEGRO

CHAPTER VI EARLY APPROACH TO THE NEGRO PROBLEM

CHAPTER VII THE NEGRO REPLYâ?" I: REVOLT

CHAPTER VIII THE NEGRO REPLYâ?"II: ORGANIZATION AND AGITATION

CHAPTER IX LIBERIA

CHAPTER X THE NEGRO A NATIONAL ISSUE

CHAPTER XI SOCIAL PROGRESS, 1820-1860 CHAPTER XII THE CIVIL WAR AND EMANCIPATION CHAPTER XIII THE ERA OF ENFRANCHISEMENT

CHAPTER XIV THE NEGRO IN THE NEW SOUTH

CHAPTER XV "THE VALE OF TEARS," 1890-1910

CHAPTER XVI THE NEGRO IN THE NEW AGE

CHAPTER XVII THE NEGRO PROBLEM

TWENTY YEARS OF AN AFRICAN SLAVER

CONTENTS.

THE WHITE SLAVES OF ENGLAND

Compiled From Official Documents.

CONTENTS

THE BLACK EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA

CONTENTS

WHERE THE TWAIN MEET

CONTENTS

FATHER HENSON'S STORY OF HIS OWN LIFE.

CONTENTS

BLACK REBELLION: FIVE SLAVE REVOLTS

CONTENTS

THIRTY YEARS A SLAVE

From Bondage to Freedom

AUTOBIOGRAPHY

CONTENTS

INCIDENTS

IN THE LIFE OF A SLAVE GIRL.

Written by Herself.

CONTENTS

BEHIND THE SCENES.

THIRTY YEARS A SLAVE, AND FOUR YEARS IN THE WHITE HOUSE

CONTENTS

THE SLAVERY QUESTION.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. ORIGIN OF AMERICAN SLAVERY. THE SLAVE TRADE.

CHAPTER II. SLAVERY DEFINED. PROPERTY IN A HUMAN BEING.

CHAPTER III. SLAVERY ILLUSTRATED. THE CHATTEL PRINCIPLE IN PRACTICE.

CHAPTER IV. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

CHAPTER V. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

CHAPTER VI. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

CHAPTER VII. SLAVERY AND RELIGION.

CHAPTER VIII. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

CHAPTER IX. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

CHAPTER X. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

CHAPTER XI. AMERICAN CHURCHES AND SLAVERY. THE POSITION THEY OCCUPY.

CHAPTER XII. SLAVERY AND THE CHURCH. NON-FELLOWSHIP WITH SLAVEHOLDERS.

CHAPTER XIII. SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED. OBJECTIONS ANSWERED.

CHAPTER XIV. POLITICAL DUTIES OF CHRISTIANS. EXTIRPATION OF SLAVERY FROM THE WORLD.

CHAPTER XV. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION.

CHAPTER XVI. WHAT OF THE NIGHT? THERE IS HOPE IN GOD ONLY.

JOURNAL OF A WEST INDIA PROPRIETOR,

Kept During a Residence in The Island of Jamaica

CONTENTS

THE NEGRO AND THE NATION

A History of American Slavery and Enfranchisement

CONTENTS

THE SEA-WITCH:

OR, THE AFRICAN QUADROON A STORY OF THE SLAVE COAST. By Lieutenant Murray

CONTENTS

TWELVE YEARS A SLAVE

NARRATIVE OF SOLOMON NORTHUP, A CITIZEN OF NEW-YORK, KIDNAPPED IN WASHINGTON CITY IN 1841, AND RESCUED IN 1853 FROM A COTTON PLANTATION NEAR THE RED RIVER, IN LOUISIANA.

Buffalo: Derby, Orton And Mulligan. 1853

CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FROM SLAVE TO COLLEGE PRESIDENT

BEING THE LIFE STORY OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

CONTENTS

THE BROTHERS' WAR

CONTENTS

THE BOY SLAVES.

CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATIONS

TWENTY-TWO YEARS A SLAVE

AND FORTY YEARS A FREEMAN

1856 CONTENTS

THE STORY OF MATTIE J. JACKSON

Her Parentage-Experience of Eighteen Years in Slavery-Incidents During the War-Her Escape from Slavery

CONTENTS

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG™ LICENSE