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Title: 故事新讀本

Subtitle: 第一冊

Author: Yiming Wang

Release Date: May 2, 2022 [EBook #67976]

Language: Chinese

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ***

初級小學

故事新讀本

第一冊

上海大東書局發行

編輯大意

一

本書共分四冊。是小學四年以内的課外讀物。

二

本書畧分系統。每冊二十節。均分兩個系統。全書可分智慧、勤學、修養、明察、非戰、勇敢、博愛、特技八系。

三

本書每節標題。仿小説回目體。擇相類的故事兩則。列在一處。極易引起閲讀的興味。

四

本書文字。注重文學的描寫。文法力求淺顯。便于兒童自由閲讀之用。

五

本書每篇之末。坿列參考一項。以免學者檢查。

第一冊目錄

一

文彥博灌穴取球

一

二

司馬光破缸救人

二

三

諸葛恪兩字題驢

二

四

曹子建七步成詩

三

五

曹冲知象輕重

四

六

晉帝辨日遠近

五

七

徐孺子一言解囚困

六

八

白居易七月識之無

七

九

王戎不食道旁李

八

十

管輅畫地作天文

九

十一

江泌讀書借月色

十

十二

祖瑩好學蔽燈光

十一

十三

楊爵燃薪代燭

十二

十四

陸羽種蕉代紙

十三

十五

朱買臣擔柴

十四

十六

李玄邃乘牛

十五

十七

張無垢石上足跡

十六

十八

江夏王窗下手書

十七

十九

盲目盧太翼

十八

二十

懸頭孫閉户

十九

（一）　文彥博灌穴取球

文彥博是古代的聰明人。他小時候有一件聰明的故事。

有一天，文彥博和幾個小朋友，在一塊地方拍球；正是興髙采烈的時候，那球忽然掉到樹 根子上一個很深的洞裏去了。

球落在樹洞裏後，有個孩子用手去挖，但是那裏挖得著；睜著眼睛看，又那裏看得見急得 許多孩子，有的撅著嘴不做聲，有的眼淚汪汪將要哭出來。忽然一個孩子去打一盆水來， 大家都説：『你拿這水來有什麼用呢？』打水的是誰？就是聰明的文彥博。

文彥博一聲不響，把水倒在洞中。水才倒完，球忽然浮起來。這時候眼淚汪汪的笑起來了， 不做聲的也叫起來了，都説：『咦！水怎麼會給我們拿球出來呢！』小朋友，你們知道是 什麼緣故？

文彥博　宋朝人，號寬夫，仁宗時進士。為官五十多年，出將入相，極有功績。

（二）　司馬光破缸救人

和文彥博同時的，還有一位聰明的孩子，叫司馬光。司馬光小時候，也喜歡和小朋 友們頑耍。一天，在院子裏頑得正上勁，不知怎的一個孩子掉在盛滿水的缸裏去了。

這水缸真大，足有五六尺髙，不用説跌在缸裏的孩子没法爬起來，就是其餘的孩子，也 没法去拉他出來；只得在缸邊亂叫亂跳，擔小的且逃走開去了。

司馬光呆呆的向地上一看，忽然計上心來，低下頭去，拏塊石頭，向缸上亂碰。丁當幾響， 碰破了，水流出來了；一會兒水流完了。看看缸裏的朋友，雖然身上很濕，却還没有死。

掉在缸裏的孩子，被司馬光救出來了，但是好端端的水缸，就變成廢物；聰明的司馬光， 怎麼不愛惜這缸呢？

司馬光　宋朝人，號君實。他做官時，不贊成王安石創新法。著作極富，有 《資治通鑑》一書，是研究歷史最善的書本。

（三）　諸葛恪兩字題驢

三國時候，有個孫權，就是佔據江東，自稱吳大帝的。有一天，孫權宴請羣臣，内中 有個叫諸葛瑾的也在座；因為他的臉兒很長，竟和驢面差不多。孫權就和他開頑笑， 叫人去牽一匹驢子來，再拿一塊木板，寫上「諸葛子瑜」四字，掛在驢兒的頭上。——子瑜 就是諸葛瑾的號。

這時候羣臣看看諸葛瑾，再看看驢兒，不覺失聲而笑；羞得諸葛瑾面紅耳赤，低頭不語。

一會兒，忽然有個孩子，走到孫權面前，恭恭敬敬的借一枝筆，在木板上添著「之驢」兩 字。羣臣細一看，都是面面相覷；孫權心裏更是快樂，忙説：『小孩子真個聰明，果然 名不虛傳！』

這孩子是誰？就是諸葛瑾的兒子諸葛恪。

諸葛恪　號元遜，年少知名，曾封陽都侯是諸葛亮的姪兒。

（四）　曹子建七步成詩

皇帝是人類中第一等的惡魔，往往要逞他一人的私心，殺死千千萬萬無罪的人民；有時他 心裏不自在起來，竟把親兄弟的生命，看得如同狗馬一般。小朋友們不信，請看曹子建 七步成詩的故事！

曹子建名植，是曹操的兒子，十歲時就會做詩文，很有些菜才名。他的哥哥曹丕 很妒忌他，想把他殺死。——曹丕是誰。就是三國時候的魏文帝。

曹丕雖然想殺兄弟，但是礙著他没有罪名。有一會，忽然想著一個法子，對子建説： 『弟弟，你是會做詩的；我限你七步之内，要做好一首詩。如果做不成，仔細你的命啊！』 子建聽了，不覺一陣心酸；虧得他才思敏捷，就開口説：『煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釡中泣；本 是同根生，相煎何太急！』恰巧走了七步，做成四句。

曹丕聽了這首詩，知道他拿豆萁譬喻兄弟，心裏有些感動，只得含笑説：『很好，很好！』 但是這子建已經急得滿頭是汗了。

曹子建　曹操第三個兒子對陳王。文才富豔。謝靈運説：「天下文章只一石，子建 獨得八斗。」著有《曹子建集》十卷。

（五）　曹冲知象輕重

曹冲是曹操的小兒子，也是很聰明的。想不到曹操這個惡人，倒有幾個聰明的兒子； 會做詩的子建，已在前面説過了；現在再看這曹冲的聰明。

曹操得到一支大象，不知道這象有多少重。有人説：『只要去造一桿極大的秤，把他秤一秤 就得了。』曹操冷笑説：『那裏去找幾個身長力大的人，來提起這桿秤呢？』一句話，説得那 人啞口無言。不多一會，曹冲站起來説：『這件事很容易，只要用一隻大船，把象牽到船上， 看船上的水痕在那裏，就做一個記號。再把象牽出，載上石頭或別的東西，等船沈到有記號 的地方為止。我們看所載的石頭或別的東西的重量，就知道那象的重輕了；何必多費人工， 定造大秤呢！』

曹冲拍手説：『好！這才是聰明的辦法。』

曹冲　號蒼舒，是曹操的幼子。他的長兄曹丕篡漢，稱魏帝，後封他做 鄧哀王。

（六）　晉帝辨日遠近

晉朝有個皇帝叫明帝，小時候也很聰明伶俐。有一天，他正在父親的懐裏，恰巧有個人 從長安來。他的父親問他道：『長安和太陽，那一處遠？哪一處近？』這個問題很是奇特， 實在不容易解決。明帝這孩子實在聰明，他就回答道：『長安近，太陽遠。』父親還問他 是什麼意思。他立刻説到：『我只聽見長安地方有人來，没有聽見過太陽那邊有人來；豈 不是長安近，太陽遠呢？』父親聽了，點頭微笑。

過了一天，明帝的父親招集羣臣，請他們吃酒，並且叫明帝也坐在旁邊，把前天的話 問他，預備得羣臣稱讚。那知他回答的話却相反。原來他説的是『長安遠，太陽近。』父親 心裏不禁生氣，忙説：『你前天是怎樣説的？』他却清清楚楚的説道：『我們擡起頭來，只見 太陽，不見長安；豈不是太陽近長安遠呢？』

晉明帝　姓司馬，名紹，是元帝司馬睿的兒子。

（七）　徐孺子一言解囚困

漢朝有個徐孺子，是一位清高的讀書人。他小時候也很聰明。有一回，他年僅十一嵗， 走去拜望郭林宗。郭林宗也是一位有名的學問家，這時候正在院子裏砍樹。徐孺子 見了，就問道：『先生!先生!好端端的一株樹，怎麼把他砍去，何不留著他，夏天可以遮 太陽呢？』林宗説：『這所房子是正方形，中間有一株樹木，不是成功一個困苦的「困」字 嗎。困苦是大家不歡迎的，所以我要把這樹砍去。』孺子説：『嗄！原來如此。但是砍去了 樹，先生不能再住這所房子了！』林宗説：『為什麼呢？』他説：『正方形的房子裏，住一 個人，那是成功一個「囚」字了，不是更凶嗎？』林宗聽了大笑，就不把這樹砍去。

徐孺子　名穉，漢朝人。道德極高尚。陳蕃做太守時，給他特設一榻，請他安歇。 孺子去了，蕃就把榻掛起來，不給別人用的。

（八）　白居易七月識之無

白居易是唐朝有名的詩人，他做的詩，文字極淺顯，意思極精妙，據説不認識字的女 人，也聽得懂的。

他小時候極喜歡讀書，讀了並且不會忘卻，最奇怪的，他初生時只有六七個月，就認識 幾個字。

不滿一歲的小孩子懂得甚麼呢？但是白居易已經認識「之無」兩個字了。如果旁的人問他那 一個是「之」字，那一個是「無」字，他就用手指指出來，一回兩回⋯⋯儘管試驗到百幾十 回，他總不會指差的；就是隔了好幾天去問他，仍舊記得起的。這不是很難得的嗎？

小朋友，你們家裏有小弟弟小妹妹嗎？何不去試試他呢!

白居易　號樂天，他極會做詩，著作一部《長慶集》。他的詩，平易近人，老嫗都解。

（九）　王戎不食道旁李

路旁邊有一棵樹，滿樹結著圓圓的果子，映著太陽光，顯出鮮紅的顔色。許多孩子走到樹下， 忽然拍手説到：『好一樹的李子，我們採些吃罷！』話才説完，大家你搶我奪的去採。只有 一個孩子坐在樹下休息，並不去採李子。這孩子是誰，他姓王名戎。

許多孩子正在採李子的當兒，回頭看見王戎一個人坐在樹下不動，忙問他做甚麼，為何不 採李子吃。王戎笑笑説：『這李樹生在路旁，能夠保留這許多果子，大家不來採；這果子是 不好吃的，何必去採呢！』許多人那裏相信，並且笑他是個獃子。

不多一會，許多人都攢著眉頭，大呼上當。原來他們嘗過了，道這李子的滋味很苦，果然是 不好吃的。

王戎　晉朝人，生性貪吝，相傳有「賣李鑽核」的故事。

（十）　管輅畫地作天文

研究天空中太陽的狀態，月亮和各種星球的運行等，叫做天文。天文是很高深的學問，決不 是小孩子所明白的。但是我國古代，倒有一位明白天文的聰明孩子，叫管輅。

管輅是三國時候的人，他在八九歲時，就喜歡觀察天象；每在晚上吃了夜飯，走到空 曠地放，仔仔細細的研究各個星的地位。無論碰著什麼人，就要問他，和他談天文，到了夜 深也不肯睡覺。他的父親常常勸他早睡，他總不聼；並且對父母説：『孩兒年紀雖小，但是 喜歡研究天文，一些也不覺得疲倦，那裏睡得著呢？』

白天裏管輅和旁的小孩子遊戲，也常畫地做日月星辰的形狀，和小朋友們談天；真是一箇 好學不倦的神童！

管輅　號公明，明《周易》，善卜筮，所占無不應驗。

（十一）　江泌讀書借月色

天色晚了，房子裏漸漸的黑暗，有一個人，靠在窗前讀書。這人是誰。為什麼不趕快去點燈 呢？原來這人姓江，名泌，他並不是忘了去點燈，因為燈中没有油，買油還没有錢哩。

時光是很勢利的，那裏肯照顧這窮小子呢！不多一會，大地黑暗，一些東西也看不見了。 江泌無法可想，只得掩著書本，坐在房子裏肯誦；可是還没有讀熟，一半也背誦不出來。

一片白光，從屋角邊頭射來。咦！那裏來的光？仔細一看，原來是白玉盤似的月亮，從樹林 裏跳出來，照得窗前階下，都是白光。江泌十分快樂，就拏了書本，對著月亮，説：『這是 我的最大的讀書燈。』

月亮照的很亮，江泌也讀得很起勁，不知不覺的過了許多時候，一輪圓月，移到屋背後 去；無情的屋角，竟把月光遮得乾乾淨淨。江泌暗暗叫一聲苦，呆呆的發一回怔；忽然想 著一個好法子。因為他看見窗前雖然黑暗，屋上依舊光亮，就去拏一個長梯，靠在屋檐上， 帶了書本，爬上梯去，繼續做他的功課。

江泌　南齊人，號士清。家貧，夜中隨月讀書。其母早死，常以母生時缺少供養為恨。

（十二）　祖瑩好學蔽燈光

祖瑩也是一個好學不倦的人。他在八歲時候，就喜歡讀書，到了十二嵗時，讀書更是認真， 日夜不肯休息。

白天讀書做事，晚上休息睡覺，是保養身體極好的辦法。祖瑩日夜讀書，實在很不合於衛 生。他的父親看見他聰明好學，自然十二分的快樂；但是他小小年紀，不善保養，怎能不切 實指導！因此常常對他説：『晚上不宜多讀書，應該早些睡覺。』有時看見他不肯睡，往往 硬要叫他先睡；這也是父母愛子的苦心。

父母的命令，祖瑩不敢違背；但是他心裏終要終要多讀書本。於是他在將睡的時候，把火 藏在灰中，然後上床；等到父母睡熟了，馬上起來，走到書房裏去，點燈讀書。這時候恐被 父母或旁的人知道，常拏衣服被褥，遮蔽門窗，使在室外不見燈光。他那用心的周密和勤學 的熱心，真是不可多得。

祖瑩　後魏時人，號元珍，小時候勤讀書，喜寫字，時人稱他「聖小兒。」文章自成 一家風骨，不與認同。

（十三）　楊爵燃薪代燭

楊爵也是一個有志讀書的人。他的家境也是很窮，和江泌相同，可以認為異姓的弟兄。 不過兩人的時代差得很遠，至少要有一千年，楊爵真是後輩哩。

楊爵在小時候，沒有讀過書；直到二十歲，才去幹那讀書的事。大約他知道不讀書的苦處， 所以要發憤用功了。但是窮苦的人，往往白天要做工，謀生活，到得晚上才有工夫去讀書。 卻又苦於買燈油的費錢，沒有燈油，那裏來火光照讀呢？月光雖好，不過陰兩時就沒法想； 並且一月中還有好幾天借不著月光。所以江泌的方法，可暫而不可久。聰明的楊爵，就 想出燃薪代燭的計劃。

柴草和樹枝，是可燃的東西，荒野地方極多，只要費一點時間和力氣，就可以得著一捆； 陰雨無月光的時候，把他燒著做讀書燈，真是燭一無二的辦法。並且冬日嚴寒，還可以充作 火爐哩。

楊爵　明朝人，學問道德，都很有名；做御史，能直言極諌。

（十四）　陸羽種蕉代紙

陸羽是唐朝時候的人，他極喜歡寫草書。他説寫字宜活潑，不宜拘束；要活潑只有寫 草書。

陸羽是一個窮人，天天去買紙來寫字，也覺得所費太大，有些辦不到。但是字又不可不 練習的，於是他就想出這蕉葉代紙的計劃來。

陸羽家裏的住宅旁邊，有一片空地，沒有錢造起房子來，空著也覺得可惜。他既然大定這 蕉葉代紙的計劃，就在空地上大種芭蕉，好在芭蕉是容易生長的，他一口氣種了幾十幾百 株。後來長大成林，暑天走去納涼，很覺得涼爽宜人；清早走去散步，也覺得空氣清新。每 天摘一張兩張下來練習寫字，更是不費一文錢。陸羽到了那時，他的快樂，竟不可以言語 形容。常對人説：『我不是種芭蕉，是種寫字的練習紙呀！』

陸羽　唐朝人，隱居浙江，自稱桑苧翁。閉門著書，不願服官。或獨行野中，誦詩 擊本，慟哭而回。喜歡飲茶，著《茶經》三篇。

（十五）　朱買臣擔柴

江泌和楊爵，都是窮的讀書人。一個借月作燈，一個燃薪代燭，都是利用晚上的時間， 做晝讀書求學的機會。現在要説起一個白晝讀書的窮人，叫朱買臣。

朱買臣是漢朝時候的人，家裏很窮，靠著做工度日。他做的工，是到山裏去砍柴，拿下 山來沿街叫賣，把賣得的錢，做一天的費用。這種生活是最苦沒有的了，一天到晚，奔走不 停；如果碰著天雨，那末他的苦況，更不可以言語形容。但是朱買臣倒不以為苦；不過他 心裏所不自在的，是缺少的讀書時間。

他想柴是不能不砍的，不過在砍柴之前，和擔柴的時候，在路上行走，正可以利用做讀書的 時間。主意大定，就帶了書本出去，一邊走，一邊讀。砍柴時，把書放在旁邊；等到擔柴求 求售時，再照前法讀書：接連好幾年，天天是這個樣子的。

朱買臣　漢朝人，號翁子。家窮，賣柴以為生。其妻求去。買臣説：「我年五十當富 貴，現已四十餘矣，待我富貴，必厚待汝。 」妻不聽，自去。後買臣得官，乘車入吳，見 其妻和許多農夫治道迎官。妻羞愧而死。

（十六）　李玄邃乘牛

李玄邃是隋唐時候的人，名密，玄邃是他的號。古人叫李密的有兩個，還有 一個是晉朝人，號叫令伯。小朋友們要分別清楚啊。

李玄邃也是一個好學不倦的人。有一天，他到別地方去，拜會一個熟人；因為路隔的很遠， 騎著一頭黃牛走去。臨行的時候，他想牛是走得不快的，騎在牛背上沒有事做，虛耗時光， 很是可惜；因此就帶了本書，拏一本放在手中閲讀，其餘的包紥好，挂在牛角上，預備讀 完一本後，再去掉換。

曠野的地方，只有牧童騎牛唱歌聲，沒有學生騎牛讀書聲。咦！這種琅琅讀書聲，是那裏 來的？一位老先生在後面聽見了，很是奇怪。後來走到他背後髙聲叫道：『誰家的孩子，這 樣的勤學呢？』玄邃回頭一看，知道是楊老先生。趕快跳下來，對楊老先生作揖行禮。 這楊老先生是誰？原來是楊素。

李密　唐朝人，曾在隋朝做官。後歸隐。專心讀書。聞包愷在緱山往從之遊。將 《漢書》挂在牛角上，且行且讀。

（十七）　張無垢石上足跡

從前人説，早起三朝當一工。因為早起的人，可以多做幾種工作，接連三天早起，可以抵得 他人整日的一工。這樣算來，如果天天早起，那麼一箇月可以多出十工來，一年就可以多做 四個月的工作了。

張無垢讀書，就利用早起的時間。天還没有亮的時候，他就要起身。但是室内還黑暗，不 能看書。他就拿了書本，走到窗前，站在石上讀書。直到紅日髙升，才入書室，天天是這樣。 接連十四年不間斷，石上站立的地方，留着兩隻脚的痕跡，隔好了好久，仍舊是隱然可見。

清早讀書，實在比晚上好得多。一則可省油火，窮人也不必憂慮；一則早晨精神充足，讀書 容易記憶；並且可以鍛鍊身體，吸收新鮮空氣。小朋友們！大家不要貪懶，都來學張無垢 罷！

張無垢　宋朝人，名九成，字子韶，別號無垢居士。官至禮部侍郎，因與秦檜 不和，被謫，檜死，復起知溫州。卒諡文忠。本故事見宋羅大經所著《鶴林玉露》。

（十八）　江夏王窗下手書

從前有個四歲的小孩子，姓蕭，名鋒，因為靠著他的祖宗竊據一方，稱王稱帝，所以 他也得封為江夏王，歷史上就稱他叫江夏王鋒。不要誤認他是江夏人，姓王， 名鋒，鬧出笑話來啊！

蕭鋒四歲的時候，也是一個活潑可愛的孩子，和平常小百姓沒有甚麼分別，決不會靠着 王家的勢作威作福。而且他是天性好學，尤其喜歡寫字，所以他在游戲時，常把寫字做唯一 的玩意兒。

寫字是要用紙和筆墨的，他卻隨處要寫，所以不用筆墨，有時靠在井欄上寫。寫滿了，拏水 來洗去再寫。有時看窗上有灰塵，就用手指劃灰塵寫字。這樣的勤學，可見世界上到處有求 學的機會，只要善於利用就好了。

蕭鋒　南齊人，蕭道成的兒子，號宣穎。好讀書，有武力，封江夏王。

（十九）　盲目盧太翼

盲目的人，好像終日在黑夜中，一些東西也看不見，那裏談得到讀書寫字呢！自從法國 人創造凸形字以教盲人，設盲人學校，在法國的京城裏；於是殘廢的盲人，也有了讀書 識字的機會。這樣看來，那末沒有創設盲人學校以前，盲人都不能讀書了嗎？且慢，我國一 千四百多年前，早有盲人讀書的故事了。

隋朝時候，有位盧太翼先生，不知怎的盲了兩個眼睛；但是眼睛雖盲，依舊是讀書勤 學。他會占氣候，推算曆法，一生真實學問，不是平常人所及到的。不過讀書求學問，少不 了要用眼睛觀察；現在他盲了眼睛，終日在暗中摸索，怎能看書認字！據説他是用手摸書， 就可以明白書上的文字。不過他的書是怎樣製成的？是否同法國人一樣用凸形字的卻沒有 查考了。

盧太翼　隋朝人，號協昭。閑居不求榮利，讀書豐富，善占侯曆算之術。嘗居五臺 山，地多樂物，和弟子們住山巖下以求神仙。

（二十）　懸頭孫閉户

從前人説，勤學的人往往「廢寢忘食。」因為他讀書的興味濃，到了吃飯的時候不覺得餓， 睡覺的時候也不覺得倦了。但是到了餓得飢腸轆轆，倦的精神疲乏的時候，儘管是好學， 恐怕不能勉强。但是古時竟有顧身體的勞苦，千方百計的注意勤學。這種人實在使人欽敬。 我就把漢朝的孫敬來做代表。

孫敬讀書時，恐怕有人來擾亂他，所以常把門關著。每在深夜疲困的時候，仍舊是不停地 讀書。可是睡魔一到，不知不覺的頭垂下了，眼睛閉了，書上的文字也看不見了。孫敬心 裏好不氣悶。後來他想到一個方法，在梁上繫一條繩，把繩縛住自己的頭。這樣，到了疲倦 的時候，頭被那繩牽住，不能垂下來，因此，精神煥發，睡魔也被他趕走了。

孫敬這樣關著門讀書，人家見他常不開門，因此給他一個綽號叫閉户先生。

孫敬　漢朝人，號文寶。性好學，曾經編柳葉寫經本。

抄者後記

出版信息

- 編輯：王一鳴

- 出版年：1926

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Table of Contents

The Project Gutenberg eBook of 故事新讀本, by Yiming Wang

故事新讀本

編輯大意

第一冊目錄

（一） 文彥博灌穴取球

（二） 司馬光破缸救人

（三） 諸葛恪兩字題驢

（四） 曹子建七步成詩

（五） 曹冲知象輕重

（六） 晉帝辨日遠近

（七） 徐孺子一言解囚困

（八） 白居易七月識之無

（九） 王戎不食道旁李

（十） 管輅畫地作天文

（十一） 江泌讀書借月色

（十二） 祖瑩好學蔽燈光

（十三） 楊爵燃薪代燭

（十四） 陸羽種蕉代紙

（十五） 朱買臣擔柴

（十六） 李玄邃乘牛

（十七） 張無垢石上足跡

（十八） 江夏王窗下手書

（十九） 盲目盧太翼

（二十） 懸頭孫閉户

抄者後記

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